Notes in MCBD Exam 4 Softchalk

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Published	11/16/2023	What causes Potter Sequence?
Published	11/16/2023	This developmental sequence makes the baby look like it has a bird face. It is caused by a hypoplastic mandible at 7-10 weeks during gestaton.
Published	11/16/2023	This very common syndrome causes kids to be retarded. It is the #1 aquired intellectual delay. Kids may have short memory spans and impulsive behavior…
Published	11/16/2023	This birth defect occurs between 5 and 7 weeks in utero. It happens due to failure to close medial nasal and maxillary processes.
Published	11/16/2023	This birth defect is less common than another one that is very similar. This defect is caused when, in utero, there is a failure of the palatal shelve…
Published	11/16/2023	This syndrome is present in 1/3000 births but often goes undetected. It is caused by a defect in 3rd and 4th Branchial Pouches. When fully expressed, …
Published	11/16/2023	This syndrome is rare and occurs when chromosome 5 is missing part of its small arm. Severity increases or decreases depending on how much genetic mat…
Published	11/16/2023	This syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder of the connective tissue caused by a defective gene. fibrillin (FBN1). Since connective tissue is in e…
Published	11/16/2023	This exceedingly rare syndrome is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation on Chromosome 5 TCOF1, resulting in a defective protein called "treacle". T…
Published	11/16/2023	This condition is what happens when the uvula is split in 2. It can be caused by Trisomy 21(Down's). It is a minor congenital abnormality.
Published	11/16/2023	These disorders are caused by what type of inheritance?Marfan SyndromeAmelogenesis imperfectaDentinogenesis imperfecta
Published	11/16/2023	This disorder is inherited by way of autosomal dominance. It occurs in people with osteogenesis imperfecta. It causes translucent and discolored teeth…
Published	11/16/2023	Amelogenesis imperfecta and ectodermal dysplasia(errors in ectoderm development) are caused by this type of inheritance.
Published	11/16/2023	What type of inheritance causes these disorders?Fragile-X SyndromeAlport Syndrome
Published	11/16/2023	What type of inheritance causes these disorders?Duchenne muscular dystrophyHemophiliaFabry Disease
Published	11/16/2023	The purpose of PCR?
Published	11/16/2023	How many cycles until there are over a million copies of DNA in PCR?
Published	11/16/2023	How many cycles until there are over a billion copies of DNA in PCR?
Published	11/16/2023	For an effective PCR what two things are important?
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Published	11/16/2023	For a PCR graph, if the starting material is abundant is amplification observed at earlier or later cycles? How is Ct/Cq affected?
Published	11/16/2023	What is the advantage of real-time PCR?
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Published	11/16/2023	PCR and amplify a minute ammount of ____ DNA!
Published	11/16/2023	What does DNA fingerprinting look for?
Published	11/16/2023	___________ is used to sequence DNA/RNA (or whole genome) within a relatively short period of time. It is used for studying disease-associated genetic…
Published	11/16/2023	What is an application of NGS?
Published	11/16/2023	What is ELISA and how does it work?
Published	11/16/2023	What is the primary purpose of ELISA?
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Published	11/16/2023	What does blotting allow for?
Published	11/16/2023	What do each of the different blotting techniques analyze?
Published	11/16/2023	Genes are activated via __________.
Published	11/16/2023	Genes are silenced via ___________, and ___________.
Published	11/16/2023	Histone modifications play a role in __________ differentiation
Published	11/16/2023	__________ promotes vascularization and extracellular matrix mineralization of human dental pulp stromal cells.
Published	11/16/2023	Cancer cells have sustained __________, meaning they route blood vessels towards themselves!
Published	11/16/2023	Inflammation causes ______ and ________ which increase the odds of cancer.
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Published	11/16/2023	How do tumor cells gain self sufficiency in growth?
Published	11/16/2023	What is an oncogene?
Published	11/16/2023	Mutations in oncogenes are dominant or recessive?
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Published	11/16/2023	What is a tumor suppressor gene?
Published	11/16/2023	Tumor suppressor gene mutations are dominant or recessive?
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Published	11/16/2023	p16 and p21 are examples of what gene?
Published	11/16/2023	Explain the role cyclins, CDKs, and CDK inhibitors play in cell cycle control.
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Published	11/16/2023	Explain how Knudsen’s two-hit hypothesis works.
Published	11/16/2023	What does hypoxia cause and how?
Published	11/16/2023	Ras, MAPKinase pathway, src and HIF all lead to increased ______ and more angiogenesis
Published	11/16/2023	bf08be08e7ef41b19f7813181a8b8b00-ao-1
Published	11/16/2023	What is angiogenic switch?
Published	11/16/2023	What is the role of APC gene in cell division and the molecular consequences of its mutation?
Published	11/16/2023	What does tumor-stromal interaction refer to?
Published	11/16/2023	Explain the role of collagenases and proteases in the tumor-stromal interaction.
Published	11/16/2023	Define the role telomerase plays in cell replication and tumors.
Published	11/16/2023	What microorganisms are associated with chronic inflammation and cancer?
Published	11/16/2023	The three primary enablers of carcinogenesis...
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