Notes in 12Haemophilus

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Haemophilus ducreyi}} is a sexually transmitted pathogen that causes {{c1::chancroid}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Haemophilus influenzae Infection Clinical Findings: {{c1::Meningitis in unvaccinated childrenURT & LRT infections in the immunocompromis…
Published	07/30/2024	Haemophilus influenzae Morphology:Fresh cultures - {{c1::Coccobacilli}}Old cultures - {{c1::Long filamentous and pleomorphic}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hemophilus is grown in BAP enriched with {{c1::IsoVitaleX}} so that flat, graying, translucent colonies appear larger, convex, and mucoid
Published	07/30/2024	Hemophilus influenzae does not grow on {{c1::sheep blood}} agar except around colonies of {{c1::staphylococci}}, this is called the {{c2::satellite ph…
Published	07/30/2024	Length of incubation in enriched medium in which young cultures express a capsule: {{c1::6-18 hours}}
Published	07/30/2024	The only Hemophilus species that {{c2::does NOT::does not/ does}} consume Factor X is/are Hemophilus {{c1::parainfluenzae & pa…
Published	07/30/2024	The only Hemophilus species that {{c2::does NOT::does not/ does}} consume Factor V is/are Hemophilus {{c1::ducreyi}}
Published	07/30/2024	IsoVitaleX Factors and EquivalentsFactor {{c1::V}} - {{c1::nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)}}Factor {{c1::X}} - {{c1::hemin}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Hemophilus influenzae has {{c1::8}} biotypes, most of the invasive infections belong to biotypes {{c1::I}} and {{c1::II}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Carbohydrate fermentation}} is useful in species identification as is the presence or absence of {{c2::hemolysis}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Capsular antigen of type b contains {{c1::polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP)}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Capsule swelling test}}: HaemophilusQuellung test: Pneumococci
Published	07/30/2024	Encapsulated strains of Hemophilus influenzae can be "types" through {{c1::Quellung reaction}}
Published	07/30/2024	There are no exotoxins found in H. influenzae. {{c1::True::True/False}}
Published	07/30/2024	Major virulence factor of Type B H. influenzae - {{c1::Polyribose phosphate capsule}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::NTHi}} tends to cause chronic bronchitis, otitis media, sinusitis, and conjunctivitis.
Published	07/30/2024	Two of the most common etiologic agents of bacterial otitis media & acute sinusitis:{{c1::H. influenzaePneumococci}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Commercial kits}} are used for immunologic detection of H. influenzae antigens in spinal fluid.
Published	07/30/2024	H. influenzae type B is susceptible to {{c1::ampicillin::treatment}}.
Published	07/30/2024	All strains are susceptible to {{c1::third::n}}-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems.
Published	07/30/2024	IV treatment for H. influenzae type b: {{c1::Cefotaxime}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Haemophilus aegypticus}} is associated with a highly communicable form of conjunctivitis (pinkeye) in children.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Haemophilus aegypticus}} is susceptible to {{c1::troleandomycin::treatment}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Haemophilus ducreyi}} causes {{c2::chancroid}}, a sexually transmitted disease.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Haemophilus ducreyi}} require factor {{c2::X}} but not factor {{c2::V}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment of H. ducreyi: 1g of {{c1::Azithromycin}} taken orally, and single dose of {{c1::Ceftriaxone}} intramuscularly.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Chancre sore}} is caused by {{c2::syphilis (T. pallidum)}}.
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c2::chancroid}} is characterized by {{c1::ulcerated and very ragged}} edges.
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c2::chancre sore}} is characterized by {{c1::hard-raised}} edges.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Haemophilus haemolyticus}} is the only organism in the group that causes {{c1::hemolysis}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Haemophilus parainfluenzae}} is a normal inhabitant of the human RT and is encountered occasionally in infective endocarditis and in urethr…
Published	07/30/2024	In B. pertussis culture, {{c1::Regan-Lowe}} medium is preferable because of the longer shelf life.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Bordetella pertussis}} is a minute, encapsulated, gram-negative, non-motile coccobacilli that causes {{c1::whooping cough (pertussis)}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Bordet-Gengou}} medium contains {{c2::Penicillin G}}, which suppresses the growth of other gram-positive microorganisms.
Published	07/30/2024	Bordetella pertussis growth characteristics:{{c1::strictly aerobe::aerobic/anaerobic}}Oxidase and catalase: {{c2::positive::+/-}}Nitrate, citrate, ure…
Published	07/30/2024	Among the 2 Bordetella operons, {{c1::bvgS}} is the one responding to environmental signals.
Published	07/30/2024	Among the 2 Bordetella operons, {{c1::bvgA}} is the transcriptional activator of the virulence genes.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Filamentous hemagglutinin::virulence factor}} adheres to ciliated epithelial cells, essential for tracheal colonization.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pertussis toxin::virulence factor}} promotes lymphocytosis and sensitization to {{c2::histamine}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pertussis toxin::virulence factor}} promotes enhanced insulin secretion by means of ADP-ribosylating activity.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Adenylate cyclase toxin::virulence factor}} inhibits phagocyte function and causes impairment of leukocyte chemotaxis and killing.
Published	07/30/2024	In the {{c1::paroxysmal}} stage of pertussis, cough develops explosive character.
Published	07/30/2024	Major complications of pertussis occur predominantly in {{c1::infants}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Preferred specimens for diagnostic laboratory testing of B. pertussis: {{c1::nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs or aspirates using saline}}
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::direct fluorescent antibody}} test, fluorescent antibody reagent can be used to examine nasopharyngeal swab specimen.
Published	07/30/2024	NP aspirates or swabs are cultured on {{c1::solid}} media.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::PCR}} is the most sensitive method to diagnose pertussis.
Published	07/30/2024	Administration of {{c1::erythromycin::treatment}} during the catarrhal stage of pertussis promotes elimination of the organisms.
Published	07/30/2024	Source of (pertussis) infection is usually a patient in the {{c1::early catarrhal}} stage of the disease.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Bordetella bronchiseptica}} inhibits respiratory tracts of canines, causing "kennel cough" and pneumonitis.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Brucella}} produces {{c2::brucellosis}} and is an obligate parasite of animals and humans.
Published	07/30/2024	Species of brucella and their animal hostsB. suis - {{c1::swine}}B. abortus - {{c1::cattle}}B. canis - {{c1::dogs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fresh specimens of Brucella from animal or human sources are usually inoculated on {{c1::trypticase-soy agar (TSA)::agar}} or {{c1::blood culture}} me…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Brucella melitensis}} is the only (Brucella) species with multiple bio variations.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::B. abortus}} requires {{c1::5-10% CO2}} for growth while the other three Brucella species grow in air.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Catalase}} and {{c1::oxidase}} are by-products produced by the four Brucella species that infect humans.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::B. suis}} causes chronic infection with suppurative lesions, characterized by presence of caseating granulomas
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::B. abortus}} causes mild disease without suppurative lesions, characterized by presence of noncaseating granulomas of the reticuloendothelial sy…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::B. melitensis}} leads to a more acute and severe disease compared to other Brucella species.
Published	07/30/2024	Nervousness and psychoneurotic symptoms are characteristics of the {{c1::chronic::acute/chronic}} infection of Brucellosis
Published	07/30/2024	Lymph nodes, hepatitis, and osteomyelitis are characteristics of the {{c1::acute::acute/chronic}} infection of Brucellosis.
Published	07/30/2024	Specimen for diagnostic laboratory testing for Brucella - {{c1::blood, biopsy material}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Brucella}} agar is designed specifically for the culture of Brucella.
Published	07/30/2024	Brucella - serologyIgM antibody rises earlier before the IgG antibody. {{c1::True::True/False}}
Published	07/30/2024	Brucella - serologyIgM antibody peaks earlier before the IgG antibody. {{c1::False::True/False}}
Published	07/30/2024	TetracyclinesRifampin (similar to TB)Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole)AminoglycosidesQuinolones
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Franciscella tularensis (type A)}} is the most virulent type of Franciscella associated with wild rabbits, ticks, and tabanid flies.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Franciscella holartica (type B)}} is a type of Franciscella that causes milder infection.
Published	07/30/2024	FranciscellaInhalation of an effective aerosol results in {{c1::peribronchial inflammation}} and {{c1::localized pneumonitis (pnemonic tularemia)}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Oculoglandular tularemia}} can develop when a finger/droplet infected by {{c1::Franciscella}} touches the conjunctiva.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Franciscella}} is regarded as a potential agent of bioterrorism.
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment for Franciscella: {{c1::streptomycin}} or {{c1::gentamicin}} therapy for 10 days.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Non-e::Non-e/E}}ncapsulated Haemophilus influenzae is part of the normal microbiota of the {{c1::mucous membranes of the URT}}
Published	07/30/2024	The only hemolytic species of Hemophilus are Hemophilus {{c1::hemolyticus and parahemolyticus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hemophilus Oxygen Requirement: {{c1::Facultative Anaerobe}}
Status	Last Update	Fields