Notes in 03 Melanoma and Immunotherapy

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Published	01/25/2024	Melanoma {{c1::in situ::what subtype}} has the best prognosis because it is the thinnest
Published	01/25/2024	There are 4 main types of invasive melanoma{{c1::Superficial spreading}}{{c1::Nodular}}{{c1::Lentigo maligna melanoma}}{{c1::Acral lentiginous}}
Published	01/25/2024	Malignant melanocytes are contained to the {{c1::epidermis::what layer of skin?}}
Published	01/25/2024	Superficial spreading melanoma can appear anywhere on the body, but it is most common on the {{c1::upper back}} in males and {{c1::lower leg…
Published	01/25/2024	{{c1::Nodular}} melanoma is the 2nd most common melanoma and it can appear {{c2::anywhere}} on the body
Published	01/25/2024	Because nodular melanoma is thicker, it has a {{c1::poorer}} prognosis
Published	01/25/2024	Lentigo maligna melanoma occurs on {{c1::sun-exposed}} skin and appears like a solar lentigo gone crazy
Published	01/25/2024	{{c1::Acral lentiginous}} melanoma occurs on the palms, soles, toes, or fingers, including the nails
Published	01/25/2024	Acral lentiginous melanoma is the most frequent subtypes in {{c1::African Americans::what race}} and {{c1::Asians::what race}}
Published	01/25/2024	Melanoma that has metastasized needs {{c1::systemic}} treatment, but the mainstay of treatment is {{c1::surgery +/- sentinel LN biopsy for stagin…
Published	01/25/2024	In recent years, novel systemic immunotherapy has become the mainstay of systemic melanoma treatment with the drug of choice being {{c1::PD-1 inh…
Published	01/25/2024	The 3 year survival rate of metastatic melanoma survival before immune checkpoint inhibitors is {{c1::0}}%
Published	01/25/2024	3 year survival of metastatic melanoma with immunotherapy today is {{c1::60}}%
Published	01/25/2024	There are many immune checkpoint inhibitors used for melanoma, and some common targets are {{c1::PD-1}}, {{c1::PD-L1}}, and {{c1::CTLA-…
Published	01/25/2024	{{c1::CTLA-4}} is a CD28 analog that is expressed by APCs, Tregs, and T cells which work to block T cell co-stimulation and block the T cell immune re…
Published	01/25/2024	Blocking CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) means that you can get co-stimulation of T cells (CD28-B7 binding) so then the T cell can go on to attack the {{c1::cance…
Published	01/25/2024	Ipilimumab is an IgG1 antibody and can mediate destruction of {{c1::Treg}} cells too
Published	01/25/2024	{{c1::PD-1/PD-L1}} inhibitors are the major immune checkpoint inhibitors that are used today in melanoma treatment
Published	01/25/2024	When a T cell is attacking tissue or tumor cells over and over again, the tissues upregulate PD-L1 which can then engage the {{c1::PD-1}} receptor on …
Published	01/25/2024	{{c1::Blocking}} the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 ensures that the T cells stay active and can continue to kill tumor cells
Published	01/25/2024	Anti-TIGIT drugs might be on the market soon and block the binding to CD155, allowing {{c1::reactivation}} of T cells that have been shut down by tumo…
Published	01/25/2024	The {{c1::tumor mutational burden}} is hig in melanoma as the skin receives lots of UV light which induces lots of mutations
Published	01/25/2024	Having lots of mutations (a high tumor mutational burden) means that immune checkpoint inhibitors are {{c1::more}} likely to work
Published	01/25/2024	Immune checkpoint inhibitors have side effects with {{c1::69}}% of patients experiencing short-term side effects and {{c1::43}}% of patients experienc…
Published	01/25/2024	{{c1::Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte}} therapy works by:Taking a biopsy of melanoma and stick it in tissue culture -> the tumor cells migrate out -&…
Published	01/25/2024	Tumor infiltrating therapy has {{c1::mixed}} results
Published	01/25/2024	{{c1::Oncolytic virio}}therapy for melanoma (talimogene laherparevec aka T-VEC) is when you by injecting a virus that replicates only in tumor cells, …
Published	01/25/2024	Oncolytic viriotherapy imparts {{c1::no}} improvement in survival over immune checkpoint therapy when given in conjunction
Published	01/25/2024	Oncolytic viriotherapy alone works {{c1::worse}} than immune checkpoint inhibitors alone
Status	Last Update	Fields