Notes in 19IntroToFungi

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Published	07/30/2024	Fungi store food as {{c1::glycogen}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Fungi produce {{c1::exoenzymes}} to digest sources of food before absorbing into the cell.
Published	07/30/2024	Fungi undergo {{c1::extracellular::intracellular/extracellular}} digestion.
Published	07/30/2024	Fungi grow best in {{c1::aerobic}} and {{c1::moist}} conditions
Published	07/30/2024	Fungi can be unicellular ({{c1::yeast}}) and multicellular ({{c1::molds}}).
Published	07/30/2024	Fungi contain {{c1::ergosterol::type of sterol}} in their cell membranes
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::T::T/F}}. Fungi produce filamentous structures.
Published	07/30/2024	Do fungi contain chlorophyll?{{c1::N::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::F::T/F}}. Fungi display locomotion.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::T::T/F}}. Fungi do not produce their own food.
Published	07/30/2024	Fungi are {{c1::eu::pro/eu}}karyotic.
Published	07/30/2024	The fungal cell wall contains {{c1::chitin and B-glucan}} instead of {{c1::peptidoglycan}} which makes it resistant to normal antibiotics.
Published	07/30/2024	Fungal Cell WallStructural component - {{c1::chitin and glucan}}Gel-like component - {{c1::mannoprotein}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ergosterol is the site of action of antifungal drugs such as {{c1::amphotericin B}} and {{c1::azole group}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fungal infections are usually seen in the immunocompromised but {{c1::dimorphic fungi::fungal class}} and {{c1::dermatophytes::fungal class}} may infe…
Published	07/30/2024	Fungal infection presentation is typically {{c1::subacute::duration}} to {{c1::chronic::duration}} except for {{c2::cancidemia::disease}} or {{c2::muc…
Published	07/30/2024	In fungal infections, person-to-person transmission {{c1::does not::does not/does}} usually occur except for {{c2::dermatophytes}} and {{c2::mucocutan…
Published	07/30/2024	How can bacterial and fungal infections be easily distinguished?{{c1::You can't, there are no specific symptoms}}
Published	07/30/2024	For fungal infections, antibiotics are {{c1::ine::ine/e}}ffective except for {{c2::pneumocystis}} infections.
Published	07/30/2024	What the 3 major risk factors for fungal infections:{{c1::Hematopoeitic stem cell transplants (especially during the first 30 days)}}{{c1::Induction c…
Published	07/30/2024	Systemic fungal infections occur once fungi reach the {{c1::blood}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Direct exam with {{c1::india ink::test}} identifies {{c2::Cryptococcus neoformans::fungi}} in {{c2::CSF::location/medium}}.
Published	07/30/2024	When a fungal culture grows at {{c1::30}} degrees celsius, suspect {{c2::dimorphic}} fungi.
Published	07/30/2024	When identifying yeast cultures, you may look for {{c1::germ tubes}} especially when identifying {{c2::Candida}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Sabouraud’s Glucose}} Agar ({{c1::SABS}}) - All purpose fungal media that contains no antibiotics. Best used for subculture of fungi for id…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c3::Inhibitory Mold}} Agar ({{c3::IMA}}) - Selective and enriched agar with {{c1::chloramphenicol}} and {{c1::gentamicin}} to inhibit bacteria.…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Brain Heart Infusion}} Agar - Primary recovery of all fungi. Can inhibit bacterial growth by adding {{c2::chloramphenicol}} and {{c2::cyclohexim…
Published	07/30/2024	Fungal cultures are incubated for {{c1::4 weeks::time}} at {{c1::30}}°C
Published	07/30/2024	Fungal cultures require a {{c1::lower::lower/higher}} temp than bacterial cultures ({{c1::30}} degrees Celsius)
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cycloheximide}} - Prevents rapidly growing environmental molds from overgrowing pathogenic fungal species in culture
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::MALDI-TOF}} - Mass spectrometry technique for identifying both fungi and bacterial specimens
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::DNA Probes}} - Expensive, rapid 1-2 hour species specific technique to examine quickly the fungal organism that is present in the specimen
Published	07/30/2024	Standard method used for mold identification: {{c1::Lactophenol cotton blue (LCB) adhesive tape preparation}}
Published	07/30/2024	LCB mounting medium consists of:{{c1::phenollactic acidglycerolaniline cotton blue dye::4}}
Published	07/30/2024	If a mold is growing in culture, it {{c1::cannot::cannot/can}} be opened on the bench top
Published	07/30/2024	All mold work must be performed in a BSL-{{c1::2}} biosafety cabinet with Hepa filtration.
Published	07/30/2024	Morphological Classification of Fungi{{c1::Yeast}} {{c1::Yeast-like}}{{c1::Filamentous fungi (molds)}}{{c1::Dimorphic fungi}}
Published	07/30/2024	Morphological Classification of Fungi{{c2::Yeast}}{{c1::unicellular::uni/multicellular}}{{c1::white::color in culture media}}{{c1::budding/fission (as…
Published	07/30/2024	Morphological Classification of Fungi{{c2::Mold}}{{c1::multicellular::uni/multicellular}}{{c1::multicolor::color in culture media}}{{c1::spore formati…
Published	07/30/2024	Morphological Classification of Fungi{{c2::Yeast-like}}Grow partly as {{c1::budding yeast cells}} and partly as {{c1::pseudohyphae}}
Published	07/30/2024	Morphological Classification of Fungi{{c2::Yeast-like}}{{c3::Pseudohyphae}} appear as {{c1::broad hyphae with constrictions}} and may intertwine to fo…
Published	07/30/2024	Morphological Classification of Fungi{{c2::Yeast-like}}Grouped together in the genus {{c1::Candida}}
Published	07/30/2024	Morphological Classification of Fungi{{c1::Molds}}Also known as {{c2::filamentous fungi}} because of {{c3::hyphae and mycelium}}
Published	07/30/2024	Morphological Classification of FungiHyphae vs Pseudohyphae {{c1::Hyphae}}{{c1::Pseudohyphae}}Branching filaments that make up the myc…
Published	07/30/2024	Sexual reproduction of fungi requires the fusion of {{c1::hyphae}} from different mating types.
Published	07/30/2024	In sexual reproduction, fungi communicate their mating type through the use of {{c1::pheromones}}
Published	07/30/2024	4 types of sexual spores:{{c1::Oospores, zygospores, ascospores, & basidiospores}}
Published	07/30/2024	Under the systematic classification of fungi, the 3 classes that reproduce sexually are the {{c1::zygomycetes, ascomycetes, & basidiomycetes}…
Published	07/30/2024	Fungi in the order of {{c2::Mucorales}} (mucor, rhizopus, rhizomucor, absidia) are {{c1::zygomycetes::systematic classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fast-growing, ubiquitous fungi are usually {{c1::zygomycetes::systematic classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::broad::narrow/broad}}, {{c2::hyaline::hyaline/phaeoid}}, and {{c2::aseptate::aseptate/septate}} hyphae is characteristic of&n…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::broad, nonseptate}} hyphae is characteristic of {{c1::zygomycetes::systematic classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identification of a sporangium indicates that the fungi is classified as {{c1::zygomycetes::systematic classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identification of ascospores within ascus indicates that the fungi is classified as {{c1::ascomycetes::systematic classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::narrow::narrow/broad}}, {{c2::septated::aseptated/septated}} hyphae is characteristic of {{c1::ascomycetes::systematic classificat…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Aspergillus sp.}} has radiate phialides, while {{c1::Penicillium sp.}} has more branched sets phialides.
Published	07/30/2024	Identification of {{c2::basidium with basidiospores}} indicates that the fungi is classified as {{c1::basidiomycetes::systematic classi…
Published	07/30/2024	Most medically important fungi are {{c1::deuteromycetes::systematic classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	gametangiayoung zygotezygosphoreazygosporesporangium
Published	07/30/2024	Fungi with colorless hyphae are called {{c1::hyaline}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Fungi with dark/colored hyphae are called {{c1::phaeoid}} or {{c1::dematiaceous}} and their color is due to {{c2::melanin}}.
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Resistance to UV light, heat, oxidative stress, drugs, etc.1. Hyaline Fungi 2. Phaeoid/Dematiaceous Fungi{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dimorphic}} fungi exhibit a {{c2::yeast}} form in the {{c3::HOST or culture media}} at 37°C and {{c2::mold}} form at {{c3::outside environments}…
Published	07/30/2024	Pathogenic form of fungi: {{c1::yeast}}.
Published	07/30/2024	3 Representative Yeast Species:{{c1::CandidaCryptococcusRhodotorula}}
Published	07/30/2024	5 Representative Dimorphic Species:{{c1::CoccidioidesHistoplasmaBlastomycosisParacoccidioidesSporothrix}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Histoplasma capsulatum::fungus species}} hyphae have typical spores called {{c2::microconidia}} and {{c2::macroconidia}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Aspergillus fumigatus::fungus species}}, {{c1::Penicillium::fungus genus}}, and {{c1::dermatophytic::fungus class}} hyphae grow a {{c2::conidiop…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Rhizopus oryzae::fungus species}} and {{c1::Mucor::fungal species}} hyphae grow a {{c2::sporangiophore}} that ruptures and releases spores.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hyphal fusion}} - 2 hyphae may have sexual contact/fuse/intertwine with each other
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Blastomyces dermatitidis::fungal species}} has lollipop-shaped macroconidia.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Coccidioides immitis::fungal species}} has barrel-shaped arthrospores
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Sporothrix schenckii::fungal species}} has cigar shaped microconidia.
Published	07/30/2024	Histoplasma capsulatum has {{c1::septate::aseptate/septate}} hyphae.
Published	07/30/2024	Fungi prefer reproducing {{c1::asexually::asexually/sexually}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Fungal asexual reproduction forms {{c1::spores}} and these fungi are called {{c1::anamorphs}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Fungal sexual reproduction forms {{c1::gametes}} and these fungi are called {{c1::teleomorphs}}.
Published	07/30/2024	68c73e00887941a497f03dc0cb556589-ao-1
Published	07/30/2024	68c73e00887941a497f03dc0cb556589-ao-2
Published	07/30/2024	68c73e00887941a497f03dc0cb556589-ao-3
Published	07/30/2024	Morphological Classification of FungiMolds{{c1::Vegetative mycelium::type of mycelium}} grow into the medium for absorption of nutrients
Published	07/30/2024	Morphological Classification of FungiMolds{{c1::Aerial mycelium::type of mycelium}} extends above the surface of the colony which produces a fuzzy app…
Published	07/30/2024	Morphological Classification of FungiMolds{{c1::Hyphae}} - Long tubular filaments{{c1::Mycelium}} - Mass of branching intertwined filaments
Published	07/30/2024	Morphological Classification of FungiMolds{{c1::Coenocytic fungi}} - fungi with no septa
Published	07/30/2024	Morphological Classification of FungiMolds{{c1::Aerial mycelium::type of mycelium}} support the reproductive structures that produces the conidia or s…
Published	07/30/2024	Dermatophytes: {{c1::filamentous fungi/molds::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Aspergillus: {{c1::filamentous fungi/molds::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Penicillium: {{c1::filamentous fungi/molds::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mucor: {{c1::filamentous fungi/molds::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Rhizopus: {{c1::filamentous fungi/molds::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Candida: {{c1::yeast::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cryptococcus: {{c1::yeast::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Rhodotorula: {{c1::yeast::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Zygomycetes: {{c1::filamentous fungi/mold::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Scedosporidium: {{c1::filamentous fungi/mold::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cladosporidium: {{c1::filamentous fungi/mold::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ulocladium :{{c1::mold::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fusarium: {{c1::filamentous fungi/mold::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Paecilomyces: {{c1::filamentous fungi/mold::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Coccidioides: {{c1::dimorphic::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Histoplasma: {{c1::dimorphic::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blastomycosis: {{c1::dimorphic::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Paracoccidioides :{{c1::dimorphic::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sporothrix: {{c1::dimorphic::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Histoplasma capsulatum: {{c1::dimorphic::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blastomyces dermatitidis: {{c1::dimorphic::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Coccidioides immitis: {{c1::dimorphic::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: {{c1::dimorphic::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sporotthrix schenckii: {{c1::dimorphic::morphological classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mucor: {{c1::sporangiospore::aerial spore produced}}
Published	07/30/2024	Rhizopus: {{c1::sporangiospore::aerial spore produced}}
Published	07/30/2024	Aspergillus: {{c1::conidiospore::aerial spore produced}}
Published	07/30/2024	Penicillium: {{c1::conidiospore::aerial spore produced}}
Published	07/30/2024	Dermatophytes: {{c1::conidiospore::aerial spore produced}}
Published	07/30/2024	Histoplasma capsulatum: {{c1::macroconidia::aerial spore produced}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sporathrix schenckii: {{c1::microconidia::aerial spore produced}}
Published	07/30/2024	Vegetative spores include: {{c1::arthrospores, blastospores, chlamydospores, phialospores}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fungi inhibited by cycloheximide:{{c1::Trichosporon beigeliiCandida tropicalisCryptococcus neoformansyeast phase of Blastomycesyeast phase of Histopla…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Mycose/Mycobiotic}} Agar - selective SABS agar with {{c2::chloramphenicol::antibiotic}} and {{c2::cycloheximide::antibiotic}}, used fo…
Published	07/30/2024	Coccidioides immitis: {{c1::deuteromycetes::systematic classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: {{c1::deuteromycetes::systematic classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Candida albicans: {{c1::deuteromycetes::systematic classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Rhizopus: {{c1::zygomycetes::systematic classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Absidia: {{c1::zygomycetes::systematic classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mucor: {{c1::zygomycetes::systematic classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Penicillium: {{c1::ascomycetes::systematic classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Aspergillus: {{c1::ascomycetes::systematic classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cryptococcus neoformans: {{c1::basidiomycetes::systematic classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	common mushrooms: {{c1::basidiomycetes::systematic classification}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Gram stain::direct exam}} - can be used for most specimen types and also for reliable detection of {{c2::yeast}}
Published	07/30/2024	Yeast cells are Gram-{{c1::positive}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Mold}} can be difficult to detect on a Gram stain.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::KOH::direct exam}} - detects {{c2::yeast}} and/or {{c2::pseudo-hyphae}} in skin, hair, and nail specimens using 40x light microscopy
Published	07/30/2024	KOH is supplemented with {{c1::dimethylsulphoxide}} to help with clearing of fungi in skin scrapings and nail clippings.
Published	07/30/2024	KOH is supplemented with {{c1::Parker blue-black ink}} to help with staining of fungal elements.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Calcofluor white}} stain is more sensitive and specific than KOH and is read using a {{c2::fluorescence microscope}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::India Ink}} is primarily used on {{c2::CSF::specimen}} for detection of {{c3::C. neoformans, C. gattii}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lactophenol cotton blue slide mount}} - used both as a stain and a mounting medium in a slide preparation for investigation of fungal elements
Published	07/30/2024	Stains used for examination of fungi in fixed tissue:{{c1::Grocott's Methenamine Silver StainPeriodic Acid StainMucicarmine (Mucin) StainHematoxylin a…
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::Grocott's methenamine silver}} stain, yeast and hyphae stain {{c2::grey to black}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::Periodic Acid}} stain, positive staining hyphae appear {{c2::magenta}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Mucicarmine (Mucin)}} stain stains the polysaccharide capsule of {{c3::C. neoformans, C. gatti::fungal species}} {{c2::pink::color}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hematoxylin and eosin}} stain is great for cellularity, but is not a specific stain for fungi.
Status	Last Update	Fields