Notes in Valvular Function & Disorders

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	10/19/2023	main role of valves is preventing {{c1::backward}} flow of blood → {{c2::AV}} valves are closed in systole
Published	10/19/2023	bottom right to top right in the pressure volume loops corresponds with {{c1::isovolumic contraction}}
Published	10/19/2023	S1 is {{c1::AV}} valves closing and S2 corresponds with {{c1::semilunar}} valves closing S3 is AV valve {{c2::opening}}/early filling a {{…
Published	10/19/2023	majority of murmurs are...→ innocent, physiologic, benign→ happen during {{c2::systole}} rather than diastole→ are {{c1::phasic}} (systolic or diastol…
Published	10/19/2023	murmurs*result of {{c9::turbulent}} flow... most are benign→ {{c10::pressure}} differences can help predict pathologic onesS1 = AV valves (mitral…
Published	10/19/2023	Pitch of murmurs - {{c7::lower}} pitch (S3, S4) are heard best with the {{c6::bell}} of stethoscope - {{c7::higher}} pitch (S1, S2) are hear…
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Published	10/19/2023	First Heart Sound (S1) Intensity*depends on distance traveled by the AV valves- long PR = {{c1::more}} filling = cusps closer to annulus → {{c1::softe…
Published	10/19/2023	Splitting of First Heart Soundnormal in ~50%- mitral (M1) closes before tricuspid (T1) valveinspiration → increases {{c1::venous return}} to RV → de…
Published	10/19/2023	S2 = Aortic/Pulmonic Valve Closure- vibration of valve leaflets and adjacent structures - {{c2::A2}} before {{c3::P2}} - inspiration (negative i…
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Published	10/19/2023	aortic stenosis- {{c1::LV}} pressure gets much higher than aortic pressure due to stenosis - {{c2::crescendo-descrecendo}} murmur- if bicuspid ao…
Published	10/19/2023	aortic regurgitation- pressure difference between aorta and left ventricle {{c1::decreases}} throughout diastole as ventricle fills up → {{c2::decresc…
Published	10/19/2023	mitral regurgitation- as LV is contracting → some of this blood can flow back to {{c2::LA}} if mitral valve is dysfunctional*mitral valve "{{c1::click…
Published	10/19/2023	mitral stenosis- {{c1::}}
Published	10/19/2023	Mitral stenosis- LV pressure drops below LA pressure during diastole → fast {{c1::opening snap}} of thickened/stiff mitral valve results in a "click" …
Published	10/19/2023	Patent ductus arteriosus- PDA connects the {{c2::aorta}} with {{c2::pulmonary trunk}} (left-to-right shunt)→ aorta BP: 120/60 → pulmonary artery BP: 2…
Published	10/19/2023	Atrial septal defect- connects the right atria and left atria... blood flows from LA to RA → more blood flow across {{c1::pulmonary}} valve and into l…
Published	10/19/2023	aortic {{c2::stenosis (AS)}}, mitral {{c2::regurgitation (MR)}} are {{c1::systolic}} murmurs aortic {{c3::insufficiency (AI) / regurgitation (AR)}} an…
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