Notes in LE 2

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	11/21/2023	parenchyma cellsbasic characteristics {{c1::uniformly thin primary cell wallalive}} at maturity general functions {{c2::storagesite of …
Published	11/21/2023	aerenchyma {{c1::gas exchange, buoyancy}} {{c2::only cell with irregular shape bigger space allows for more gas }}{{c3::plants in …
Published	11/21/2023	chlorenchyma {{c1::chloroplast green photosynthesis}}{{c2::guard cells}} are specialized chlorenchyma
Published	11/21/2023	storage parenchyma {{c1::leucoplastsstorage of food materials }}
Published	11/21/2023	secretory parenchyma {{c1::secretion of specific substances secrete resin in the line canals }}the cells decompose to let resins out
Published	11/21/2023	collenchyma cellsbasic characteristics {{c1::unevenly thick primary cell wall alive}} at maturity general function {{c2::structura…
Published	11/21/2023	sclerenchyma basic characteristics{{c1::evenly thick secondary cell walldead at maturity }}general function {{c2::rigid structural supp…
Published	11/21/2023	sclereids — {{c1::rigid structural support }}coconut husks super small lacuna/sometimes lacuna completely goneTilia sp & coconut en…
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::sclereids}} — rigid structural supportcoconut husks super small lacuna/sometimes lacuna completely goneTilia sp & coconut end…
Published	11/21/2023	fibers — {{c1::flexible structural support}}cortical fibers ⇒ fibers in the cortex Thunbergia sp & corn stem vascular bundle
Published	11/21/2023	tracheary elements (vessel and tracheids) — {{c1::conduction of water and minerals}}bigger ⇒ vesselssmaller ⇒ tracheids
Published	11/21/2023	tracheary elements (vessel and tracheids) — conduction of water and mineralsbigger ⇒ {{c1::vessels}}smaller ⇒ {{c1::tracheids}}
Published	11/21/2023	apical meristems  cells {{c1::small, isodiametric thin walled }}{{c1::nucleus}} is prominent {{c1::central vac…
Published	11/21/2023	Root apical meristem (RAM){{c1::root cap  protection of RAM gravity perception (crystals) }}root hairs ⇒ {{c1::zone of maturation}…
Published	11/21/2023	Shoot apical meristem (SAM){{c1::leaf primordia axillary buds }}
Published	11/21/2023	lateral meristems {{c1::for horizontal growth of plant (diameter/girth)}}vascular cambium produces {{c1::secondary xylem}} inwards&nbsp…
Published	11/21/2023	vascular cambium monocots — {{c1::none }}gymnosperms — {{c1::in between xylem and phloem }}cork cambium gymno — {{c1::th…
Published	11/21/2023	4a06f0319e5f4afa98ffd5d0c66eb866-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	4a06f0319e5f4afa98ffd5d0c66eb866-oa-2
Published	11/21/2023	4a06f0319e5f4afa98ffd5d0c66eb866-oa-3
Published	11/21/2023	41f14ede3a344e6ca49aa0b35b203a04-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	41f14ede3a344e6ca49aa0b35b203a04-oa-2
Published	11/21/2023	41f14ede3a344e6ca49aa0b35b203a04-oa-3
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::uniseriate}} epidermis ⇒ one layer corn {{c1::multiseriate}} epidermis ⇒ multiple layersorchid, specialized root: velamen
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::velamen}} — orchid root specialized multilayered epidermis (multiseriate)  absorbs moisture and nutrients protects against U…
Published	11/21/2023	velamen — orchid root {{c1::specialized multilayered epidermis (multiseriate)}}  {{c1::absorbs moisture and nutrients }}{{c1::prot…
Published	11/21/2023	Epidermal outgrowths/derivatives {{c1::root hair}} — root{{c1::trichomes}} — shoot{{c1::stomatal complex}} — leaf
Published	11/21/2023	root hair — root{{c1::increase surface area for easier absorption}}{{c1::disappear in secondary root growth}} {{c1::lateral root stronger than ro…
Published	11/21/2023	trichomes — shoot{{c1::defense against herbivory and pathogens}}{{c1::prevents water loss}}{{c1::prevents too much heat from the sun }}{{c1::prot…
Published	11/21/2023	types of trichomes {{c1::simple air trichomes}} ⇒ theobroma cacao {{c1::branching trichomes}} ⇒ vervascum thapus {{c1::stellate trichom…
Published	11/21/2023	stomatal complex — leaf {{c1::photosynthesis}} {{c1::gas exchange }}{{c1::transpiration }}
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::pavement cells}}keeps the stomatal complex in place
Published	11/21/2023	stomatal complex parts{{c1::stomatal pore}}{{c1::guard cells}}{{c1::subsidiary/accessory cells}}
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::apoplastic pathway}} ⇒ cell wall; faster
Published	11/21/2023	apoplastic pathway ⇒ {{c1::cell wall}}; {{c1::faster}}
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::symplastic pathway}} ⇒ cytoplasm; slower
Published	11/21/2023	symplastic pathway ⇒ {{c1::cytoplasm}}; {{c1::slower}}
Published	11/21/2023	GROUND TISSUES {{c1::cortex}} {{c1::pith}} {{c2::bulk of the plant}} {{c2::passage of water and nutrients}}
Published	11/21/2023	phloem cell types {{c1::sieve elements}}{{c1::sieve tube member}}{{c1::sieve cells}}  {{c2::companion call or albuminous cell}} {{…
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::phloem}} conducts products of photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plants
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::xylem}} conducts water & nutrients (minerals needed) from roots to other parts of plants
Published	11/21/2023	xylem cell types {{c1::tracheary elements of the xylem}} {{c1::tracheids and/or vessels}} {{c1::parenchyma}}{{c1::fibers}}
Published	11/21/2023	sieve tube member {{c1::alive but enucleated}} at maturity {{c1::carbohydrate transport}}{{c2::sieve cell}} ⇒ pine equivalent
Published	11/21/2023	companion cell {{c1::nucleated}} at maturity {{c1::nutritional support for sieve tube}} {{c2::albuminous cell}} ⇒ pine equiva…
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::angiosperms}} ⇒ vessels are bigger and tracheids are smaller
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::gymnosperms}} ⇒ tracheids only; resin ducts scattered around
Published	11/21/2023	secondary wall thickening patterns of xylem tracheary elements less secondary cell wall ⇒ {{c1::allows for elongation & growth}} more se…
Published	11/21/2023	secondary wall thickening patterns of xylem tracheary elements annular ⇒ {{c1::individual cell}} helical ⇒ {{c1::spiral / spring-like}}&nbsp…
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::adventitious root}} ⇒ modification that isn’t from the root meristem
Published	11/21/2023	root{{c1::taproot}} system {{c1::fibrous root}} system{{c1::adventitious root}} system
Published	11/21/2023	buttress roots  {{c1::adventitious roots}}{{c1::structural support}} Ceiba pentandra
Published	11/21/2023	climbing roots {{c1::adventitious roots}}  {{c1::climbing plants; attaches to the surface}}{{c1::structural support}}Epipremnum sp.
Published	11/21/2023	stilt roots {{c1::adventitious roots}}{{c1::structural support}}Rhizophora spPandanus sp
Published	11/21/2023	pneumatophores {{c1::lateral roots}}{{c1::gas exchange}}{{c1::cellular respiration}} Sonneratia sp.
Published	11/21/2023	prop roots {{c1::adventitious}}{{c1::structural support}}Banayan tree
Published	11/21/2023	strangling roots{{c1::entire root system}} {{c1::strangles the host tree for nutrients}} Fig tree
Published	11/21/2023	root nodules {{c1::lateral roots}} {{c1::housing/provides shelter for nitrogen fixing bacteria}} Mimosa pudica (makahiya)
Published	11/21/2023	storage roots{{c1::tap root}}Raphanus sativus (radish)Daucus carota (carrots){{c1::adventitious root}}Manihot sp. (cassava){{c1::lateral root}} I…
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::pericycle}} origin of lateral root & vascular cambium
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::endodermis}}  lined with a casparian strip made up of suberin and/or lignin prevents apoplastic transport prevents backflow …
Published	11/21/2023	endodermis  lined with a {{c1::casparian strip}} made up of suberin and/or lignin prevents {{c1::apoplastic transport}} preve…
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::monocot}} ⇒ indiscernible nodes & internodes; parallel venation {{c1::dicot}} ⇒ discernible nodes & internodes; reticulat…
Published	11/21/2023	modified stem {{c1::bulb}} ⇒  meristematic, basal plate of the bulballium cepa {{c1::phylloclade or cladode}} ⇒ photosyntheti…
Published	11/21/2023	modified stem bulb ⇒  {{c1::meristematic, basal plate of the bulb}}allium cepa phylloclade or cladode ⇒ {{c1::photosynthetic …
Published	11/21/2023	012b93d7e575469c87f683fb5c9947d9-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	540806084ee04716980efe63555cbd05-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	01d726911cce4f00a74d9fb43600f6a7-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	75cb63bf500e46fe96e2bed5316092dd-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	0542f291729547c6b2f75b608ba17bb2-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	38fce70ef0e440b6a50ad23d175bedb5-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	347d695f70c74f0eaf110b97b5fea4b3-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	cda5b239d3dc493190e97346354bdee6-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	be46d537ff7f4af8bb24a8bb88530716-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	8557440261ce455eb57a7e84d40593dc-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	e7fa6d1c263a4512b6d9782a023b0ce7-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	7705fa33d7bc4e2a9011373a711c701c-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	92f5aecfd7984e279e8670c959a9c5cf-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	af3bd9f786a743c28d18574c51e5a663-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	8281939b73164ae6b93c81728be1300f-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	8364dadcaf2f45c29d53bee8e60ec321-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	fb55ac5c351a4d7b8743c5e8c3d07da7-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	39c43b1a85334a8da8e70a58d385cfff-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	27551051efc34e1e93296fea9255f5f3-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	6d5b0f97af0f4b55b2a9a76be7a90f38-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	a855aa47e4e641a98992b1700e862770-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::monocot}} ⇒ scattered vascular bundles {{c1::eudicot}} ⇒ organized vascular bundles
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::axillary bud}} ⇒ differentiates; ex: where thorns are formed
Published	11/21/2023	dbfd106fce7c4bb99b71bf1cb8e55e9a-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	ea86d6c8887e445dacb2ba5529909011-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	c2c5bb49fbef4dc7bcd738b0b592d8c7-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	5d307f469e2e4208b0d4b1e44ad29d6f-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	c5a2ecdac9b64363aed17a641dfddb04-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	0a702d7aebcb4e39b680a76020c0ace8-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	67a1cd14edc3434ba4e31a8be2eb199d-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::petiole}} ⇒ connects stem & blade
Published	11/21/2023	phyllotaxy{{c1::alternate}} ⇒ 1 per node{{c1::opposite}} ⇒ 2 per node{{c1::whorled}} ⇒ 3 or more per node
Published	11/21/2023	cb3d8906c0f1406c8192670e8fbd33a7-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	d8c78630e1c844f28520781bc8743935-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	acfaaa2009b34fd9857dc0ef87c8f97e-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	b7362607697e48378a2af312e6df6534-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	b2f65337598045d8860c16f85e36d2d2-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	12849f80907447b2bafe70911285db41-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	8fe93c417e2b46ec861d502698d35d4f-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	e36c304d0ade448c9fba6a86184c00e4-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	4ee25a263c614c98879aae7982b30fe0-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	801e6ad81cfc49dd9d7f4ab62ad971c0-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	fb10935a9f7543a28900bf396b9b287c-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	bracts {{c1::lamina }}types:{{c2::colored/colorful}} ⇒ attraction for pollination {{c2::no color}} ⇒ cover inflorescence{{c2:…
Published	11/21/2023	bracts lamina types:colored/colorful ⇒ {{c1::attraction for pollination}} no color ⇒ {{c1::cover inflorescence}}plain/muted ⇒&nbsp…
Published	11/21/2023	carnivorous leaves{{c1::entire leaf}}{{c1::heterotrophic functions}} {{c1::trap/capture insects for nutrients}}
Published	11/21/2023	meristematic leaves {{c1::margin}} {{c1::asexual meristematic reproduction}}
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::meristematic leaves}} margin asexual meristematic reproduction
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::carnivorous leaves}}entire leafheterotrophic functions trap/capture insects for nutrients
Published	11/21/2023	phyllodes{{c1::petiole and/or rachis}}{{c1::photosynthesis}}
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::phyllodes}}petiole and/or rachisphotosynthesis
Published	11/21/2023	pseudostem{{c1::leaf sheath}} {{c2::structural support}}
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::pseudostem}}leaf sheath structural support
Published	11/21/2023	spine {{c1::entire leaf}} {{c1::prevent water loss}} {{c1::protection against herbivory}}
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::spine}} entire leaf prevent water loss protection against herbivory
Published	11/21/2023	storage leaves {{c1::entire leaf}}{{c1::food storage}} → Allium cepa{{c1::water storage}} → Aloe vera
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::storage leaves }}entire leaffood storage → Allium cepawater storage → Aloe vera
Published	11/21/2023	midrib ⇒ {{c1::sclerenchyma}} lamina ⇒ {{c1::parenchyma}}
Published	11/21/2023	palisade mesophyll ⇒ {{c1::photosynthesis}}spongy mesophyll ⇒ {{c1::intercellular air spaces for more active gas exchange}}
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::palisade}} mesophyll ⇒ photosynthesis{{c1::spongy}} mesophyll ⇒ intercellular air spaces for more active gas exchange
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::bulliform cell}} ⇒ leaf rolling to avoid water loss by covering stomates
Published	11/21/2023	bulliform cell ⇒ {{c1::leaf rolling to avoid water loss by covering stomates}}
Published	11/21/2023	Pine needle parts that prevent water loss{{c1::thickened cuticle}}{{c1::hypodermis (suberin)}}{{c1::sunken stomata (less transpiration)}}{{c1::transpi…
Published	11/21/2023	transpiration {{c1::loss of water in plants in the form of water vapor}} {{c1::transpiration ≠ guttation}}
Published	11/21/2023	loss of water in plants in the form of water vapor {{c1::stomata}} (main) — 97%{{c1::lenticels}} (woody part) — 2% or 3%{{c1::leaf cuti…
Published	11/21/2023	transpiration ≠ guttationguttation ⇒ {{c1::water is lost in liquid form through hydathodes}}
Published	11/21/2023	transpiration pathways {{c1::apoplastic}} ⇒ cell wall{{c1::symplastic}} ⇒ cytoplasm ⇒ plasmodesmata ⇒ xylem vessel ⇒ stem ⇒ leaf ⇒ wate…
Published	11/21/2023	regulation of transpiration {{c1::number of stomata}}  {{c1::light supply}} {{c1::wind}}
Published	11/21/2023	regulation of transpiration number of stomata {{c1::more stomata}} → {{c1::more pores for transpiration}} → {{c1::higher water los…
Published	11/21/2023	regulation of stomatal poreslight/hypotonic ⇒ {{c1::guard cells will be turgid and stomata will open}} dark/hypertonic ⇒ {{c1::guard cell cl…
Published	11/21/2023	regulation of stomatal pores{{c1::light/hypotonic}} ⇒ guard cells will be turgid and stomata will open {{c1::dark/hypertonic}} ⇒ guard …
Published	11/21/2023	different leaf complexities {{c1::pinnately compound}} lamina dividesrachis ⇒ main axis where leaflets attach petiolule ⇒ attaches leaf…
Published	11/21/2023	pinnate ⇒ {{c1::feather-like with leaflets and petiolules}}
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::pinnate}} ⇒ feather-like with leaflets and petiolules
Published	11/21/2023	old stem — {{c1::pith remnant and xylem rays}}
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::old stem}} — pith remnant and xylem rays
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::cuticle}} ⇒ prevent water loss
Published	11/21/2023	{{c1::palisade}} ⇒ organized & compact
Published	11/21/2023	17365501d13f49bab8b72bb4310f53a4-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	9817d884f37c4738b6b3a910c04e1e83-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	0c9efde516994bf096d8698d09424ede-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	56e9442a10eb4d588c50a315bb89f1ef-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	169c1f32d7d74ed9ac77e71022ee75ca-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	f8a888f1acc3456483f63e3ea27baf36-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	d99b6d0643ed4012980e4643a6e376e0-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	8ae1a6230e714ce681c08c6a5459b6b5-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	9cd6b1e4cb6442ffacc9d55d967b0d02-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	d5c8a7c4b8644405a71f9af3bbca7226-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	9c33f0952cfb46a2a7ef56adbf8e65b5-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	0fbceda4109645d28110ed5d0776bff7-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	cd50bd8463b441d18ac50c1c46ff0cf0-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	e21c7f33b6be4915891658a5a6b83a3e-oa-1
Published	11/21/2023	32243df82df14e85b51e28d474792e7c-ao-1
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Published	11/21/2023	3f455de987ff4df18f63f712d9caeca4-oa-1
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Published	11/21/2023	3f455de987ff4df18f63f712d9caeca4-oa-7
Published	11/21/2023	3f455de987ff4df18f63f712d9caeca4-oa-8
Published	11/21/2023	3f455de987ff4df18f63f712d9caeca4-oa-9
Published	11/21/2023	3f455de987ff4df18f63f712d9caeca4-oa-10
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Published	11/21/2023	547005abc4fb41f198b24264fbb7226a-ao-1
Published	11/21/2023	547005abc4fb41f198b24264fbb7226a-ao-2
Status	Last Update	Fields