Notes in 03Pharmacokinetics

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::PD::PD/PK}}: Dose-{{c2::effect}} relationship
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::PK::PD/PK}}: Dose-{{c2::concentration}} relationship
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Bioavailability}} is the amount of drug that reaches the {{c2::systemic}} circulation compared to the amount administered.
Published	07/30/2024	The measure of apparent space in the body that is capable of contatining the drug is called the {{c1::volume of distribution}}.
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Regional blood flow2. Rate of drug delivery{{c1::inc-inc::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	The protein in which a drug usually binds to and alter's the distribution is {{c1::albumin}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The best route of administration (in conserving bioavailability) is {{c1::intravenously (IV)}}.
Published	07/30/2024	This aspect of pharmacokinetics occurs in the liver.{{c1::Metabolism/Biotransformation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Once the drug is administered in the body, it has to undergo three [primary] processes: {{c1::Input, Distribution, Elimination::give all three}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Pharmacodynamics::PD/PK}} starts when the drug in the systemic circulation reaches the {{c1::site of action}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Clearance}} is the rate of elimination compared to plasma concentration.
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Plasma drug concentration2. Clearance{{c1::inc-dec::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Rate of elimination is proportionate to concentration1. First-order kinetics2. Zero-order kinetics{{c1::1>2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	VRIn Zero-order kinetics:1. Drug concentration2. Amount eliminated per unit time{{c1::inc-no effect::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::First::First/Zero}}-Order Elimination, a constant {{c2::fraction::amount/fraction}} is eliminated per unit time.
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Risk for toxicity1. First-order kinetics2. Zero-order kinetics{{c1::1<2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Another name for zero-order kinetics is {{c1::capacity-limited elimination}}.
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Followed by most drugs1. First-order kinetics2. Zero-order kinetics{{c1::1>2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::flow-dependent elimination::type of elimination}}, elimination depends on the rate of drug delivery to the organ of elimination.
Published	07/30/2024	VR:1. Surface area2. Rate of distribution{{c1::inc-inc::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Volume of distribution1. Obese patient2. Skinny patient{{c1::1>2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Non-binding of drugs to macromolecules2. Diffusion{{c1::inc-inc::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	If a drug avidly binds to molecules in the peripheral tissues, then a {{c1::larger::larger/smaller}} dose is required to achieve measurable plasma con…
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Constant half-lives regardless of concentration1. First-order kinetics2. Zero-order kinetics{{c1::1>2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::50%::how much}} of the {{c2::steady-state concentration}} is reached after {{c3::1::how many}} half-life.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::50%::how much}} of the drug is eliminated after {{c2::1::how many}} half-life.
Published	07/30/2024	QC1. Number of half-lives it takes for you to accumulate the drug inside the body2. Number of half-lives it takes for you to eliminate the drug from t…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Over 90%::how much}} of the drug is eliminated after {{c2::4::how many}} half-lives.
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Bind of drug to blood proteins2. Diffusion{{c1::inc-dec::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Binding of drugs to macromolecules2. Ease of passing through barriers/compartments{{c1::inc-dec::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Linear pattern of plasma concentration decrease1. First-order kinetics2. Zero-order kinetics{{c1::1<2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Volume of distribution2. Time it takes to have a response{{c1::inc-inc::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Rate of drug elimination2. Clearance{{c1::inc-inc::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Binding of drug to blood proteins2. Volume of distribution{{c1::inc-dec::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Time it takes to reach steady state for THE SAME drug1. Dose of 224 mg every 8 hours2. Dose 672 mg every 24 hours{{c1::1=2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: 1. Rate of drug administration2. Rate of drug elimination{{c1::1=2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Fraction of dose lost in each dosing interval2. Accumulation{{c1::inc-dec::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	Administration routeBlood flowConcentration
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Rapidity of onset1. IV2. Transdermal{{c1::1>2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Angle of needle1. Intramuscular2. Subcutaneous{{c1::1>2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: First-pass effect1. Oral2. Rectal{{c1::1>2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Volume of drug used1. Intramuscular2. Subcutaneous{{c1::1>2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Concentration gradient2. Absorption{{c1::inc-inc::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Blood flow2. Absorption{{c1::inc-inc::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. AUC (area under the curve)2. Bioavailability{{c1::inc-inc::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. P-glycoprotein2. Absorption{{c1::inc-dec::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. ER (extraction ratio)2. Bioavailability{{c1::inc-dec::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Hepatic cirrhosis2. Bioavailability of highly extracted drugs{{c1::inc-inc::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Hepatic cirrhosis2. Bioavailability of poorly extracted drugs{{c1::inc-no effect::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	The sublingual route has direct access to the {{c1::systemic::systemic/portal}} veins.
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Systemic effect1. Topical2. Transdermal{{c1::1<2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Delayed effect is due to the delay in drug {{c1::distribution}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The tendency of drugs to accumulate inside the body results in {{c1::cumulative}} effects.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Immediate}} effect is directly related to concentration.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Therapeutic window}} is the concentration range that provides efficacy without unacceptable toxicity.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lag period}} represents the time it takes before plasma drug concentration reaches the {{c2::MEC}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Duration of action}} is the amount of time the drug is above {{c2::MEC}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dosage regimen}} is the plan for drug administration over a period of time.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Maintenance dose}} is the dose needed to maintain a steady state of concentration of drug inside the body.
Published	07/30/2024	The most impotant parameter in defining rational drug dosage is {{c1::clearance}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Loading}} dose is used for drugs with long half-lives and longer time to reach a steady state.
Published	07/30/2024	Input/AbsorptionClearanceHalf-lifeVolume of distribution
Published	07/30/2024	Maximum effectSensitivity
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Importance in clearance1. Kidney2. Liver{{c1::1>2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Response to small doses1. Normal sensitivity2. Increased sensitivity{{c1::1<2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Albumin concentrationAlpha1-acid glycoprotein concentration
Published	07/30/2024	In first-order elimination, an increase in drug concentration leads to an increase in the rate of elimination.{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	How many half-lives does it take for a drug to reach steady state? {{c1::4-5 half-lives}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Accumulation2. Fraction lost in one dosing interval{{c1::inc-dec::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Drug bound in tissues2. Vd{{c1::inc-inc::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Bioavailability1. Oral2. IV{{c1::1<2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Absorption1. Lipophilic2. Lipophobic{{c1::1>2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Time it takes to reach steady state1. Oral2. IV{{c1::1=2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Renal toxicity1. Constant infusion2. Intermittent dosing{{c1::1>2::1>2/1<2/1=2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Factors that affect plasma concentration (Cp){{c1::Rate of DistributionRate of EliminationRate of Input of the drug}}
Published	07/30/2024	Free drug can go to: (based on appearance on trans){{c1::Therapeutic Site of ActionTissue ReservoirsUnwanted Site of ActionLiver}}
Published	07/30/2024	Major sites of drug elimination{{c1::Kidneys (major)::of unchanged drug in the urine}}{{c1::Liver::biotransformation or excretion of unchanged drug in…
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::Zero::First/Zero}}-Order Elimination, a constant {{c2::amount::amount/fraction}} is eliminated per unit time.
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] In first-order kinetics elimination 1. Time 2. Half-life{{c1::inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR:1. Size2. Rate of distribution{{c1::inc-dec::inc-inc/inc-dec/inc-no effect}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::4-5}} half-lives must elapse before checking drug blood concentration.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::50%::how much}} of the drug is eliminated after 1 half-life.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Over 90%::how much}} of the drug is eliminated after 4 half-lives.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Rate of absorption}} is determined by {{c1::site of administration}} and {{c1::drug formulation}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Bioavailability is calculated from {{c1::AUCroute/AUC(IV)}}.
Published	07/30/2024	[QC]Renal toxicity of drug with a tendency to accumulate when administered at (1) constant infusion (2) intermittent dosing{{c1::1>2::1>2/1…
Published	07/30/2024	Therapeutic window is a range between {{c1::MEC}} and {{c1::MTC}}.
Status	Last Update	Fields