Notes in 22DNAViruses

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Published	07/30/2024	All DNA viruses are double-stranded except for {{c1::parvoviruses::family}} which have single stranded DNA (ssDNA)
Published	07/30/2024	All RNA viruses are single-stranded except for double stranded RNA (dsRNA) {{c1::reoviruses::family}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::D::R/D}}NA viruses have to enter the nucleus to induce the nucleus to produce its needed materials, after that they bud off
Published	07/30/2024	Most {{c1::R::R/D}}NA viruses multiply in and are released from the cytoplasm
Published	07/30/2024	Body defenses against viruses are usually the combined action of {{c1::interferon, antibodies, and cytotoxic T cells::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of persistent infection]Virus is detectable in tissue samples, multiplying at a slow rate; symptoms mild or absent{{c1::Chronic}} Infections
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of persistent infection]After a lytic cycle, virus enters a dormant phase; generally not detectable; can reactivate and result in recurrent infe…
Published	07/30/2024	Generally, how many DNA families are there?{{c1::7}}
Published	07/30/2024	Generally, how many RNA families are there?{{c1::14}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Poxviruses::family}} are the largest and have the largest genomes of all viruses. They multiply in the {{c2::cytoplasm::cytoplasm/nucleus}} in f…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Poxviruses::family}} produce eruptive skin pustules called pocks or pox, that leave scars
Published	07/30/2024	Small pox is caused by the {{c1::Variola}} virus which has two types: {{c1::major}} and {{c1::minor}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] virulence and severity 1. Variola Major 2. Variola Minor{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Molluscum Contagiosum::Viral disease}} is transmitted by direct contact and fomites and causes small smooth macules in the genital area and thig…
Published	07/30/2024	2 animal poxviruses that can affect humans: {{c1::Monkeypox and Cowpox}}
Published	07/30/2024	All members of {{c1::Herpes}}viruses show latency and cause recurrent infection; viral DNA forms episome
Published	07/30/2024	Herpesviruses replicate within the {{c1::nucleus::cell area}}
Published	07/30/2024	Herpes Simplex 1 (HSV-1) becomes latent in the {{c1::trigeminal ganglion::where}}
Published	07/30/2024	Herpes Simplex 2 (HSV-2) becomes latent in the {{c1::Sacral ganglia::where}}
Published	07/30/2024	Herpes Simplex {{c1::2 (HSV-2)::1/2}} can be transmitted in the absence of lesions
Published	07/30/2024	Most common recurrent HSV-1 infection: {{c1::Herpes labialis}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Herpetic gingivostomatitis}} - Herpes infection in oropharynx in young children. Fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Herpetic labialis}} - Fever blisters, cold sores. Vesicles occur on mucocutaneous junction of lips or adjacent skin. Itching and tingling prior …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Herpetic keratitis}} - Herpes infection in the eye. Inflammation of the eye, gritty feeling in the eye, conjunctivitis, sharp pain, sensitivity …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Herpes genitalia (Genital Herpes)}} - Starts with malaise, anorexia, fever, and bilateral swelling and tenderness in the groin. Clusters of sens…
Published	07/30/2024	Can you get oral lesions from HSV-2?{{c1::Y::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	Virus/es that cause newborn encephalitis. Infection of mouth, skin, eyes, CNS. Potentially fatal in the neonate and fetus: {{c1::HSV-1 and 2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Scrapings from the base of {{c2::Herpes::virus}} and {{c2::Cytomegalovirus::virus}} lesions should show {{c1::giant cells and inclusions bodies::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)::Virus}} is transmitted by respiratory droplets and contact causes {{c2::chickenpox}}, enters neurons and later rea…
Published	07/30/2024	Possible animal hosts of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV): {{c1::Humans only. But ask yourself... have you ever experienced chicken pox? If not,,,,, …
Published	07/30/2024	Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are usually asymptomatic and latent in various tissues but 3 demographic groups develop a more virulent form: {{…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cytomegalovirus (CMV)}} infections cause newborns to exhibit enlarged liver and spleen, jaundice, capillary bleeding, microcephaly, and ocular i…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)::virus}} is an ubiquitous virus that infects lymphoid tissue and salivary glands that manifests as {{c3::infectious mon…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Burkitt lymphoma}} - B cell malignancy that usually develops in jaw and grossly swells the cheek; A complication of {{c1::Epstein-Barr…
Published	07/30/2024	Cancer that may be caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV): {{c1::Nasopharyngeal carcinoma}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic Test for infectious mononucleosis: {{c1::Differential blood count}}
Published	07/30/2024	Differential blood count results for positive infectious mononucleosis: {{c1::lymphocytosis, neutropenia, and large atypical lymphocytes::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment for infectious mononucleosis: {{c1::IV gamma globulin (IV Ig), interferon, acyclovir, and monoclonal antibodies::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)-human Blymphotropic virus::virus}} transmitted by close contact with saliva and other secretions and causes {{c2::ro…
Published	07/30/2024	patients with {{c1::MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, Hodgkin's lymphoma, oral carcinoma, and certain T-cell leukemias::4 diseases}} have a relationship with {{c2::…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Kaposi’s sarcoma}} presents as small, red elevated lesions in the eyelids, conjunctiva, or other skin surfaces is a common tumor of AIDS patient…
Published	07/30/2024	The only DNA Hepatitis virus: Hepatitis {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Hepatitis Virus Type]Only Hepatitis virus that DOES NOT cause pale or clay-colored stoolHepatitis {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Hepatitis Virus Type]Only Hepatitis virus that causes aching jointsHepatitis {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Hepatitis Virus Type]Only Hepatitis virus that does not have an envelopeHepatitis {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Hepatitis Virus Type]Causes serum hepatitisHepatitis {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Hepatitis Virus Type]Fever, GI tract disorderHepatitis {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Hepatitis Virus Type]Fever, rash, arthritisHepatitis {{c1::B and C}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Hepatitis Virus Type]JaundiceHepatitis {{c1::B and C (common but it happens to all)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Incubation period of Hepatitis A: {{c1::2-7 weeks}}
Published	07/30/2024	Incubation period of Hepatitis B: {{c1::1-6 months but average of 7 weeks}}
Published	07/30/2024	Incubation period of Hepatitis C: {{c1::2-8 weeks}}
Published	07/30/2024	5fc7a0893e624d8c8dfa06291e2e660f-oa-1
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Published	07/30/2024	HepaDNAvirus culture media: {{c1::Never even cultured in tissue yet HA gottem}}
Published	07/30/2024	When you undergo blood extraction for hepatitis, they look for:{{c1::HBV surface antigen – the one seen in the envelopeHBC antigen – core antigen insi…
Published	07/30/2024	Can the Hepatitis B virus multiply anywhere else aside from the liver?{{c1::N::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hepatitis B Virus is detectable when there are {{c1::107}} virions/mL in blood
Published	07/30/2024	Hepatitis Disease progression: Healthy liver → {{c1::Fibrotic}} liver → {{c1::Cirrhosis}} → Triggers Liver {{c2::cancer}} development
Published	07/30/2024	Aside from liver tissue, hepatitis B also has affinity to {{c1::brain}} tissue
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic tests for Hepatitis B: {{c1::Serological tests}}
Published	07/30/2024	Chronic Hepatitis infections treatment: {{c1::interferon}}
Published	07/30/2024	5 Phases of Hepatitis Infection:{{c1::Immune tolerantImmune reactiveImmune controlImmune escapeHealing/negative}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Phase of Hepatitis Infection]High Hepatitis B, C, and A count since the virus is replicating. HBV DNA is very high{{c1::Immune tolerant}} phase
Published	07/30/2024	[Phase of Hepatitis Infection]HBV DNA goes down{{c1::Immune reactive}} phase
Published	07/30/2024	[Phase of Hepatitis Infection]Inflammation rises to its peak{{c1::Immune reactive}} phase
Published	07/30/2024	[Phase of Hepatitis Infection]HBeAg+ phase{{c1::Immune reactive}} phase
Published	07/30/2024	[Phase of Hepatitis Infection]May not detect the virus in the blood- inactive carrier phase{{c1::Immune control}} phase
Published	07/30/2024	[Phase of Hepatitis Infection]Inflammation has gone down{{c1::Immune control}} phase
Published	07/30/2024	[Phase of Hepatitis Infection]HBeAg- hepatitis{{c1::Immune escape}} phase
Published	07/30/2024	[Phase of Hepatitis Infection]HBV DNA plateaus{{c1::Healing/negative}} phase
Published	07/30/2024	3 requirements for + Diagnosis of Hepatitis:{{c1::(+) HBsAg at least on 2 occasions in 6 monthsHBV DNA more than 100,000 copies per ml3Increase in liv…
Published	07/30/2024	5 requirements for + Diagnosis of inactive carrier Hepatitis:{{c1::(+) HBsAg for 6 monthsHBeAg negativeAnti-HBe positive (remember, HBeAb follows HBeA…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::HBsAg::Hepa Sero Marker}} is always present and signifies in infection
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::HBeAg::Hepa Sero Marker}} confers active viral replication & persists in chronic hepatitis. Patient is highly infectious. Negative after the…
Published	07/30/2024	Both {{c1::HBeAg and HBsAg::2 Hepa Sero Markers}} suggest high level of replication
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::HBcAg::HBcAg/HBcAb}} is not detected in serum so {{c1::anti-HBc::HBcAg/HBcAb}} is the one measured instead
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::HBsAb::Hepa Sero Marker}} develops in HBV vaccination but NOT {{c1::HBcAb::Hepa Sero Marker}}. The only time both develop is after infection
Published	07/30/2024	HBcAb Ig{{c1::M::M/G}} is for active acute infections, HBcAb Ig{{c1::G::M/G}} is for chronic infections or recovery from infections
Published	07/30/2024	HBV vaccine dose schedule: {{c1::0, 1 and 6 months}}
Published	07/30/2024	Adenoviruses are oncogenic in what organisms?{{c1::Animals. Not humans.}}
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment for adenoviruses: {{c1::interferon or polyvalent vaccine::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Adenoviruses have a tropism for {{c1::a lot of cells. broad tropism which is a fancy word for malandi::organ}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most commonly used adenovirus is the {{c1::serotype 5 (AdHu5)}} for human use
Published	07/30/2024	Adenovirus is {{c1::highly::weakly/highly}} immunogenic
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Human papilloma}} virus is transmissible through direct contact or contaminated fomites; incubation – 2 weeks to more than a year and causes pap…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::9::N}} HPV types increase risk for developing reproductive cancer; {{c1::2::N}} account for 70% of metastatic tumors
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic test for HPV: {{c1::Pap smear}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most {{c1::parvoviruses::viral family}} cause distemper in cats, enteric disease in dogs, fatal cardiac infection in puppies
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Human Parvovirus B19::virus}} causes erythema infectiosum (fifth disease); Rash of childhood with fever and may causes severe fatal anemia can r…
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