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Published	01/14/2024	What is a key component that makes a successful facilitated diffusion?A. Carrier ProteinB. Calcium ionsC. AcetylcholineD. Ligand protein
Published	01/14/2024	The concentration of solute M is greater in compartment A than in compartment B and are transported across the separating membrane by simple diffusion…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is a characteristic of secondary but not of primary active transport?A. It requires the presence of carrierB. It requires an io…
Published	01/14/2024	Two compartments (A and B) are separated by a semipermeable membrane. If 20 mL of 3% NaCl was poured into cpt A and 100 mL of 9% NaCl was poured into …
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is a common characteristic of simple diffusion and faciliated transportA. Transports substances against concentration gradient …
Published	01/14/2024	What do receptors, enzymes, and transporters have in common that explains why they all exhibit saturation, specificity and competition?A. They are all…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is descriptive to homeostatic control systems?A. There is a hierarchy of importance during environmental changes wherein certai…
Published	01/14/2024	The degree of osmotic pressure applied in a solution is by far largely determined by what factor? A. Solubility of solute in waterB. Number of particl…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following proteins will directly require Ca++ for full activity? A. Adenylyl cyclaseB. JAKC. CalmodulinD. Protein kinase A
Published	01/14/2024	Which of these characteristics best describes ungated ion channels?A. Are open at all the time or most of the timeB. Allow entry of ions when the…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of these second messengers is directly associated with the increase in cytosolic Ca++ concentration from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? A. cA…
Published	01/14/2024	A hormone was secreted and combined with its receptors on other nearby cell types. The hormone also combined with receptors on neighboring cells which…
Published	01/14/2024	This property is common to both osmosis and simple diffusionA. Reaches diffusion equilibriumB. Shows saturationC. Requires carriersD. Reaches transpor…
Published	01/14/2024	Acclimatization refers to the ability to respond to a particular environmental stress upon prolonged exposure to that stress. With this knowledge, whi…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of these statements best describes downregulation?A. Occurs in response to low extracellular concentration of messengerB. Enhances target cell’s…
Published	01/14/2024	Bacteria and other large particles may enter the cell without passing through the plasma membrane via this method A. PinocytosisB. ExocytosisC. Recept…
Published	01/14/2024	Substance A is small, nonpolar and moves across the cell membrane by simple diffusion. Its rate of transport into the cell may be decreased by increas…
Published	01/14/2024	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is an example of aA. ionotropic receptorB. metabotropic receptorC. nuclear receptorD. catalytic receptor
Published	01/14/2024	When the total number of receptors have been filled in with ligands, then it is said that the receptors have 100%A. affinityB. saturationC. completion…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following refers to the strength with which a chemical messenger binds to its receptor? A. CompletionB. SpecificityC. SaturationD. Affini…
Published	01/14/2024	When simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are compared by plotting their rate of spread versus substance concentration, the graph of facilitated…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following steps precedes the rest in any signalling event initiated by membrane-associated receptors? A. Transmission B. TransductionC. R…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the listed factors can influence the rate of diffusion through a membrane? A. Polarity of the swirling moleculesB. Innate mass or weight of s…
Published	01/14/2024	The membrane difference between hormones that have intracellular receptors and those that have cell membrane receptors is that the former tends t…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following physiological responses exemplify negative feedback?A. Lactation due to prolactin release as a response to breastfeedingB. Tach…
Published	01/14/2024	Calcium is LEAST like involved in A. endocytosis B. blood clottingC. activation of enzymesD. muscle contraction
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true regarding action potentials (AP) in myelinated axons?A. The AP reaching the terminal knob is smaller than the original …
Published	01/14/2024	Karyl stimulated a nerve axon and an action potential (AP) resulted. After a few milliseconds Nessa stimulated was slower, and its peak was lower than…
Published	01/14/2024	Tetanus neurotoxin induces spastic paralysis due to the blockade of neurotransmitter release from spinal inhibitory interneurons. On the other hand, B…
Published	01/14/2024	During a physiology exercise, Shem stimulated a nerve axon. A depolarization resulted but it was conducted only a short distance. The most likely expl…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following tissues/organs serves as the greatest reservoir for calcium storage? A. IntestineB. Blood vesselsC. KidneysD. Bone
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is paired correctly regarding the cross-bridge cycle?A. ATP binding → attached stateB. ATP hydrolysis → power stroke stateC. AD…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following takes place during osteocytic osteolysis?A. Mobilization of calciumB. Increased enzymatic concentration and activityC. Dramatic…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of these events in bone resorption directly mobilizes calcium ions? A. Formation of ruffled borderB. Release of proteolytic enzymes from lysosom…
Published	01/14/2024	The absolute refractory period is the period from the onset of the upstroke to the A. end of upstrokeB. end of repolarizationC. point when repolarizat…
Published	01/14/2024	A polysynaptic neuron receives 20 presynaptic terminal knobs all of which converge on the dendrite of the postsynaptic neuron. If all of these presyna…
Published	01/14/2024	Troponin C: skeletal muscle as ________: smooth musclesA. calmodulinB. calreticulinC. acetylcholineD. calsequestrin
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following steps in bone formation precedes the rest?A. Precipitation of calcium salts forming hydroxyapatite crystalsB. Osteoblast entrap…
Published	01/14/2024	An action potential will reach its peak potential when these gates will close A. Na+ activation and inactivation gatesB. K+ activation gatesC. Na+ and…
Published	01/14/2024	The triad in skeletal muscle physiology is composed of the following componentsA. 2 transverse tubule, 1 sarcoplasmic reticulumB. 1 transverse tubule,…
Published	01/14/2024	Which form of calcium fully represents its physiologic activity?A. Free ionizedB. Total concentrationC. Complexed with low molecular weight organic an…
Published	01/14/2024	All of the following mediates the cessation of muscle contraction by removing calcium ions from the sarcoplasm. Which among these is more common and m…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is the most common mode of termination of transmitter action at the neuromuscular junction?A. Degradation of the transmitter by…
Published	01/14/2024	Both action potential and graded potential exhibit this property A. Can be a depolarization or hyperpolarizationB. Magnitude is dependent on stimulus …
Published	01/14/2024	Which these sets of processes involved in calcium homeostasis occurs in approximately equal rates (in mg/day) in a normal adult?A. Bone formation and …
Published	01/14/2024	A nerve axon was stimulated at point A. An action potential (AP) occurred and was conducted to point B, then conducted to point C. However, the AP was…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following statements is correct regarding the process of docking of synaptic vesicles to the presynaptic membrane?A. The process is initi…
Published	01/14/2024	What mediates the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels at the sarcolemma?A. AcetylcholineB. Local depolarizationC. Action potentialD. Calcium ions
Published	01/14/2024	During an SGD session, Danny asked Natasha why a plasma membrane cannot be stimulated during the absolute refractory period (ARP). Natasha correctly a…
Published	01/14/2024	Acetylcholine is split by acetylcholinesterase into acetate ion and choline. How is choline reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron?A. Choline-calcium ex…
Published	01/14/2024	During an experiment at the laboratory, Dr. Hizam noted that 15 neurons synapse on one postsynaptic neuron. At the initial segment, 12 of the neurons …
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following electrophysiologic events is correctly paired with the change in ionic currents causing the event?A. Closure of voltage-gated p…
Published	01/14/2024	Which type of fiber connections among the different synapses is considered as less common and is primarily used to modulate synaptic activity?A. Axoax…
Published	01/14/2024	Among the sources of energy for muscle contraction, what is the first source of energy that is used to reconstitute ATP?A. Oxidative metabolismB. Glyc…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of these is a direct effect of the parathyroid hormone? It increases A. vitamin D synthesisB. renal absorption of phosphateC. intestinal absorpt…
Published	01/14/2024	Which type of muscle stimulation causes increase in tension but no shortening of the muscle fibers? A. Type I summationB. Type II summationC. Isometri…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is correct regarding the acetylcholine-gated ion channel present in a motor-end plate?A. The channel remains constricted or clo…
Published	01/14/2024	If a membrane potential is at the equilibrium potential for K+, this means that A. the concentration of K+ in the ICF and ECF are equalB. the membrane…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following statements on acetylcholine release in a neuromuscular junction is correct?A. A small quanta of pockets of acetylcholine is rel…
Published	01/14/2024	The depolarization phase of the action potential is primarily due to rapid and large A. K+ effluxB. K+ influxC. Na+ influxD. Na+ efflux
Published	01/14/2024	A type of pyrophosphate inhibits precipitation of hydroxyapatite crystals in other tissues except in the bone. This inhibitor comes fromA. osteoc…
Published	01/14/2024	Which among the biogenic amine neurotransmitters is active and significant at central nervous system locations – hypothalamus, thalamus, periaqueducta…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following initiates attractive forces between the actin and myosin filaments in the skeletal muscles? A. Adenosine triphosphateB. Calcium…
Published	01/14/2024	During an experiment, Dr. Haydn stimulated an excitatory presynaptic neuron twice by a threshold stimulus at an interval of 3 minutes. Assuming that t…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is correct regarding the regulatory proteins in a skeletal myofibril?A. Inhibition of the actin filament is brought by the trop…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following scenarios exhibit isotonic contraction of the biceps?A. Superman lifted the damaged airplane above his headB. Aquaman was doing…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is a characteristic of slow fibers (type I, red muscle)? A. They have extensive sarcoplasmic reticulumB. They are large for gre…
Published	01/14/2024	One reason why the resting membrane potential in neurons is near the equilibrium potential of K+ is that the A. Na+/K+ pump moves 2 K+ into the cell a…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the different types of synapse follows the delay in its speed of transmission?A. Electrical synapse B. Rectifying synapse C. Reciprocal synap…
Published	01/14/2024	The inhibitory interneuron, or also known as Renshaw cell, acts through which of the following neurotransmitters?A. GlycineB. AspartateC. Acetylcholin…
Published	01/14/2024	In presynaptic inhibition, G-protein aids in reducing the excitatory neurotransmitter released from presynaptic terminal by which mechanism?A. Opening…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true of graded potentials? A. It can occur if the stimulus is below threshold B. It is conducted decrementally C. It is alwa…
Published	01/14/2024	The repolarization phase of the action potential is partly due to A. closing of Na+ inactivation gatesB. Opening of K+ activation gatesC. closing of N…
Published	01/14/2024	From the undershoot phase of the action potential the membrane is ofA. Na+ activation gatesB. Na+ and K+ activation gates C. K+ activation gatesD. Na+…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of these proteins is an inhibitor of RANKL?A. OsteoprotegerinB. OsteonectinC. OsteocalcinD. Osteoporin
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