Notes in CEP IV (Hormone synthesis and action))

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Published	11/11/2024	The are 3 main types of gland excretion: {{c1::Endrocrine}}, {{c1::Exocrine}} and {{c1::Mixed}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c3::Endocrine glands}} are {{c1::ductless}} glands which secrete  {{c2::hormones}} directly into {{c2::the blood}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Exocrine glands}} release their secretions {{c1:: outside the body}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Mixed glands}} release hormones {{c1::both into the blood and directly to the cell}}.
Published	11/11/2024	A {{c2::hormone}} is a {{c1::signalling}} molecule that regulates {{c1::physiology and behavior}} in multicellular organisms.
Published	11/11/2024	Multicellular animals maintain  {{c2::constant internal enviroment/ homeostasis}} via intercellular communication by the {{c1::nervous}} and {{c1…
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Published	11/11/2024	The {{c4::endocrine system}} is a system of {{c1::ductless glands and cells}} that secrete {{c2::hormones}} to regulate {{c3::metabolism, homeostasis …
Published	11/11/2024	Intracrine signalling is where the cell releases a hormone that acts {{c1::within the cell}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Juxtracrine signalling}} is where the {{c2::secreted hormones}} acts upon {{c2::the nearest cells that are directly connected to it}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Neuroendocrine signalling}} is where an {{c1::electrical stimulus}} passes down a neurone to a {{c1::specialised cell}} which causes it to {{c1:…
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::A negative feedback}} is the process when the body {{c1::senses changes}} and produces a response in order to {{c1::reduce}} its effect.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Positive feedback}} is the process by which the body {{c1::senses a change}} and activates a {{c1::mechanism}} in order to {{c1::amplify it}}.
Published	11/11/2024	The main groups of hormones are {{c1::peptide}}, {{c1::steroid}} and {{c1::amine}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Peptide hormones}} are made of {{c1::peptides}} and are hydro{{c1::phillic}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c3::Peptide hormones}} are {{c2::preformed and stored}} in larger chains called {{c1::prohormones}}.
Published	11/11/2024	Peptide hormones' hydro{{c2::phillic}} nature means that they readily travel within {{c1::the blood stream}} but cannot cross {{c1::the cell membrane …
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Peptide}} hormones are stored in {{c1::membrane bound vesicles}} in order to be ready for {{c1::exocytosis}} in order to allow for {{c1::a fast …
Published	11/11/2024	For hormone treatment, peptide hormones must be injected into {{c1:the blood stream}} or they will be broken down by the {{c1::the digestive…
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Proteolysis}} is the {{c1::cutting of the protein}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Trophic hormones}} are hormones that have {{c1::other endocrine glands as their target}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Steroid}} homones are all made from {{c1::cholesterol}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Steroid hormones}} are either produced from {{c2::the adrenal cortex}} or are {{c2::sex hormones}}.
Published	11/11/2024	Steroid hormones are hydro{{c1::phobic}} so therefore need a {{c1::carrier protein}} to be transported across the blood.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c3::Steroid hormones}} are {{c1::lipid soluble}} so can {{c2::easily pass into the cell}} and most of their specific binding sites are {{c2::intrace…
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