Notes in G9 Nervous Tissue

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Published	11/02/2024	54a48c8b90204eb080cb46fe2a29dc7c-ao-1
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Published	11/02/2024	The archetypal neuron consists of {{c1::a cell body, 1 axon and 0-N dendrites}}.
Published	11/02/2024	What unique neuron structure exists only in humans?{{c1::the rods and cones of the retina are true unipolar neurons}}
Published	11/02/2024	Neurons of special sensory organs are often {{c1::bi}}polar
Published	11/02/2024	Pseudounipolar neurons are found primarily in the {{c1::dorsal root ganglia}} and are so named for the fact that they have a single (axonal) process i…
Published	11/02/2024	The vast majority of neurons are {{c1::multi}}polar
Published	11/02/2024	What are the three functional classes of neurons?{{c1::afferent efferentinterneuron}}
Published	11/02/2024	The neuronal cell body can also be referred to as the {{c1::soma}} or the {{c1::perikaryon}}
Published	11/02/2024	Neuronal metabolism occurs in the cell {{c1::soma}}
Published	11/02/2024	Nissl substance refers to the {{c1::extensive stacks of rER}} in the soma of neurons
Published	11/02/2024	An {{c1::eccentric}} nucleus is a nucleus that is offcenter
Published	11/02/2024	The absense of nissl substance in the neuronal soma is referred to as {{c1::pathological chromatolysis}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Physiological chromatolysis}} is the formation of nissl substance in the axon
Published	11/02/2024	Neuronal golgi apparati function to package {{c1::neurotransmitters}} into vesicles for transport down the axon
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Neurofibrils}} are groups of cytoskeleton the impart the structural and functional elements of the neuron
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Microtubules}} serve as a "highway" for organelle and neurotransmitter transport in axons
Published	11/02/2024	Axonal transport is mediated by {{c1::kinesin and dynein ATPases}} that travel along {{c1::microtubules}}
Published	11/02/2024	The primary function of {{c1::neurofilaments}} is to provide structural support and shape to the axon
Published	11/02/2024	Neuronal soma are found in {{c1::gray}} matter
Published	11/02/2024	Dendrites are {{c1::outgrowths of the soma}} that function to {{c1::increase the available surface area of the soma for receiving synapses}}. They can…
Published	11/02/2024	Neuronal chemical synapses are preferentially made on {{c1::dendritic spines}}
Published	11/02/2024	The {{c1::axon hillock}} is the cone shaped region that gives rise to the axon
Published	11/02/2024	Action potentials typically originate from the {{c1::'initial segment'}} which lies just adjacent to the {{c1::axon hillock}}
Published	11/02/2024	Do axons have ribosomes?{{c1::no, not under normal physiological conditions}}
Published	11/02/2024	Myelination refers to the {{c1::concentric wrapping of myelin-containing plasmalemma of glial cells around neuronal axons}}
Published	11/02/2024	Nueronal myelination serves to insulate neurons to allow {{c1::rapid (and complete) transmission}} of electrical signals over long distances
Published	11/02/2024	What are the myelinating cells of the PNS and CNS, respectively?{{c1::schwann cells and oligodendicytes}}
Published	11/02/2024	Are unmyelinated fibers associated with schwann cells?{{c1::Yes, all PNS axons are associated with schwann cells}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Nodes of ranvier}} are gaps of the myelin sheath and key features in identifying nervous tissue histoligcally
Published	11/02/2024	Nodes of ranvier accelerate action potentials through {{c1::saltatory}} conduction
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Chemical}} synapses are by far the most common form of synapse
Published	11/02/2024	Near to the presynaptic neuron's terminal bouton, an abundance of {{c1::mitochondria::organelle}} can be observed
Published	11/02/2024	A single oligodendricyte can myelinate {{c1::5-50}} neuron(s)
Published	11/02/2024	What are the neuroglial cells of the CNS?{{c1::astrocytesmicrogliaependymaloligodendricytes}}
Published	11/02/2024	Neuroglia compromise {{c1::40}}% of the cns volume
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Astrocytes}} are the most numerous glial cells
Published	11/02/2024	Astrocytes function in the following:Formation of the {{c1::blood brain barrier}}Storage of {{c1::glycogen and metabolites}}Formation of {{c1::the ast…
Published	11/02/2024	Microglia are of {{c1::monocytic (hematopoietic)}} origin
Published	11/02/2024	Under normal conditions, microglia function to:{{c1::remodel neural circuitsaid in synaptic pruningregulate neuronal activity}}
Published	11/02/2024	Microglia in the diseased state {{c1::defend against infection}} and {{c1::phagocytose debris}}
Published	11/02/2024	In addition to myelination, oligodendryocyte cells possess the ability to {{c1::inhibit abherrant neuronal growth}}
Published	11/02/2024	Ependymal cell cilia function to {{c1::move cerebral spinal fluid}}
Published	11/02/2024	Ependymal cells adhered to one another primarily by {{c1::desmosomes}}
Published	11/02/2024	Ependymal cells form a {{c1::discontinuous}} basal lamina to allow for {{c1::fluid exchanged between CSF and brain parenchyma}}
Published	11/02/2024	The {{c1::choroid plexus}} is a cluster of specialized ependymal cells that is responsible for CSF production.
Published	11/02/2024	The choroid plexus primarily functions to {{c1::secrete cerebral spinal fluid}}
Published	11/02/2024	Satellite cells of the PNS serve to {{c1::nourish the soma of the neuron}}.
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Schwann}} cells play a role in the regeneration of the PNS following injury
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Ganglia}} are clusters of soma and their satellite cells in the PNS
Published	11/02/2024	What are the two ganglia of the ENS (enteric nervous system)?{{c1::the myenteric plexus (auerbach's) submucosal plexus (meissner's)}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Satellite}} cells are responsible for supporting the perikarya (soma) of autonomic ganglia.
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::DRG with satellite cells}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::bipolar neurons::polarity?}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::bipolar neuron}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::multipolar motor neuron}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::pyramidal cell in cerebral cortex}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::purkinje cell in the cerebellum}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::purkinje cell in the cerebellum}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::microglia}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::fibrous astrocytes in white matter}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::fibrous astrocyte in white matter}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::protoplasmic astrocyte in gray matter}}
Published	11/02/2024	What are the two types of astrocytes and what matter are they each located in?{{c1::fibrous: white matterprotoplasmic: gray matter}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::protoplasmic astrocytes in gray matter}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::fibrous astrocytes in white matter}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::dendritic spines - preferential synaptic site}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::axon hillock of a motor neuron in the ventral horn}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::node of ranvier}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::schwann cells::black lines}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::microglia}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::ependymal cells}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::ependymal cells}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::satellite cells in DRG (dorsal root ganglia)}}
Published	11/02/2024	913f59502ade40168666a42b094e82fa-ao-1
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::sympathetic ganglion}}
Published	11/02/2024	cc2f40f03763470da0b76b0c5df03c22-ao-1
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::pathological chromatolysis}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::microtubules and neurofilaments of axon flanked by glial cells}}
Published	11/02/2024	1. {{c1::schwann cell}}2. {{c1::myelin}}3. {{c1::axons}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::nerve fiber}}
Published	11/02/2024	b3741ffb9d824e9081700634dac89246-ao-1
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::unmyelinated nerve fibers in the PNS}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::soma of a pseudounipolar afferent neuron in the DRG}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::dendrite of a multipolar neuron of the spinal cord}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::phsyiological chromatolysis of the axon}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::axon hillock with physiological chromatolysis}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::neuropil }}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::satellite cell in a DRG}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::axon}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::myelin}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::myelinated nerver fiber}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::peripheral nerve}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::schwann cell}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::node of ranvier}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::schwann cell with unmyelinated axons}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::central canal of the spinal cord}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::ependymal cells}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::interneuron in the dorsal root}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::pyramidal cells in cerebral cortex}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::purkinje cells in cerebellum}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::pseudo-unipolar neurons in the dorsal root ganglion}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::motor neurons}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::motor endplates of a motor unit}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::endoneureum}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::perineurium}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::epineurium}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::schwann cell}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::sympathetic ganglia}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::parasympathetic ganglia}}
Published	11/02/2024	Does the CNS have epineurium?{{c1::no there is no ct in the cns, only meninges}}
Published	11/02/2024	Myelin often stains {{c1::pale}} on H/E due to its high abundance of {{c1::fat}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::microglia}}
Published	11/02/2024	What is the polarity of the DRG neurons?{{c1::pseudounipolar}}
Published	11/02/2024	Statellites cells in the DRG arrange themselves {{c1::conentrically to the perikaryon}} wherease autonomic ganglia satellite cells arrange themse…
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::oligodendricyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::fibrous astrocytes in white matter}}
Published	11/02/2024	Which of the following could this NOT be? {{c1::satellite cell::oligodendricyte/satellite cells/microglia/astrocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	Can satellite cells be visualized in the ventral and dorsal horns of the spinal cord?{{c1::no, the ventral and dorsal horns are part of the CNS}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::chemical synapse}}
Published	11/02/2024	What are the neuroglia of the PNS?{{c1::schwann cellssatellite cells}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::dendrites}} carry impulses towards the cell body{{c1::axons}} carry impulses away from the cell body
Published	11/02/2024	retrograde transport: {{c1::toward the soma}}anterograde transport: {{c1::away from the soma}}
Published	11/02/2024	organelles and other molecules move {{c1::bidirectionally::direction}} via microtubules along the {{c1::axon::part of neuron}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Bipolar}} neurons have one dendrite and one axon.
Published	11/02/2024	types of synapses:Axosomatic, between an {{c1::axon}} and {{c1::another neuron’s cell body}} Axodendritic, between an {{c1::axon}} and {{c1::another n…
Published	11/02/2024	in the PNS unmyelinated axons are surrounded and supported by a cytoplasm of {{c1::Schwann cells}}.
Published	11/02/2024	Gray matter contains {{c1::neuronal cell bodies and axons}}, {{c1::astrocytes}}, and {{c1::microglia}} and is the area where {{c1::synaptic communicat…
Published	11/02/2024	White matter contains mainly {{c1::myelinated axons}} and myelin producing {{c1::oligodendrocytes}}. Bundles of axons in the CNS form {{c1::tracts}}
Published	11/02/2024	nerves (peripheral nerves) are components of the {{c1::PNS}}
Published	11/02/2024	Individual axons and Schwann cells are surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue called {{c1::endoneurium}}
Published	11/02/2024	Groups of axons and Schwann cells enclosed by endoneurium form larger fascicle surrounded by {{c1::perineurium}}
Published	11/02/2024	Externally, peripheral nerves are surrounded by {{c1::epineurium}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Ganglia}} serve as relay stations to transmit nerve impulses.
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