Notes in 02.2 Pathogenesis & Microbiota

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. Hydrophobic bacterial cell surface2. Adherence to host cell{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	E. coli with type {{c2::1}} pili can be blocked from adhering in vitro by the addition of {{c1::D-mannose}} to the medium.
Published	07/30/2024	Streptococci {{c1::Lipoteichoic acid and Protein F::2 Adherence factors}} to adhere to {{c2::fibronectin::receptor}} on buccal epithelial cells
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Invasion}} - The process of the penetration of bacteria into host cells and tissues and mediated by {{c1::invasins::protein}}
Published	07/30/2024	The invasion of host cells by bacteria is mediated by a complex array of molecules known as {{c1::invasins}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Excreted by living cell1. Exotoxin2. Endotoxin{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Found only in gram (-) bacteria1. Exotoxin2. Endotoxin{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Lipopolysaccharide complexes, lipid {{c2::A}} being the portion probably responsible for toxicity1. Exotoxin2. Endotoxin{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Heat Stability1. Exotoxin2. Endotoxin{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Antigenicity1. Exotoxin2. Endotoxin{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Can be converted to toxoids to be used for immunization1. Exotoxin2. Endotoxin{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Toxicity1. Exotoxin2. Endotoxin{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC]Binds to specific receptors on cellsA. ExotoxinB. Endotoxin{{c1::A. Exotoxin}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Produces fever in host1. Exotoxin2. Endotoxin{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Frequently controlled by extrachromosomal genes (e.g. plasmids)1. Exotoxin2. Endotoxin{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	The effects of exotoxins are usually {{c1::acute::acute/chronic}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Alpha toxin or Phospholipase C::toxin}} of {{c3::Clostridium perfringens::bacteria}} Lytic Concentration Effects: {{c2::Cell membrane degra…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Theta toxin}} from Clostridium perfringens has a necrotizing effect
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Collagenases}} from Clostridium perfringens loosens up tissue fibers so bacteria can spread more readily
Published	07/30/2024	Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) from {{c1::Staphylococcus aureus::bacteria}} causes toxic shock syndrome as it acts as a superantigen that {{c2:…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pyrogenic exotoxin A::toxin}} from {{c2::Beta-hemolytic Streptococci}} causes toxic shock syndrome similar to staphylococcal toxic shock sy…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::B}} subunit of a toxin mediates adherence of the toxin complex to the host cell and aids entrance of the exotoxin into the host cell
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::A}} subunit of a toxin provides the toxic activity
Published	07/30/2024	Toxins with ADP-ribosylating activity{{c1::Cholera toxinE. coli heat labile toxinP. aeruginosaDiphtheria toxins::4}}
Published	07/30/2024	How do toxins with ADP-ribosylating activity work?{{c1::Fragment A attaches an ADP-ribosyl group to EF-2 and inactivating it. This results in the…
Published	07/30/2024	Toxins with lytic activity on {{c2::28S}} rRNA{{c1::Shiga and shiga-like (vero) toxins}}
Published	07/30/2024	How do toxins with lytic activity on 28S rRNA work?{{c1::Fragment A passes to the ribosome where it has N glycosidase activity on a single adenosine r…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Delta toxin::toxin}} from Staphylococcus aureus degrades the cell membrane by {{c2::inserting into membranes like detergents}}
Published	07/30/2024	Staphylococal enterotoxin from Staphylococcus aureusis associated with diarrheal diseases and food poisoning because it stimulates {{c1::vagus nerve r…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::DIC::disease}} and {{c1::↓ serum C3, 5-9::lab result}} are frequent presentations to look out for of gram (-) bacteria bacteremia because of the…
Published	07/30/2024	The classical and most potent endotoxin is the {{c1::LPS of gram negative bacteria}}
Published	07/30/2024	If gram (-) bacteria have LPS endotoxins, gram (+) bacteria have {{c1::peptidoglycan}} endotoxins
Published	07/30/2024	It's in the name. {{c1::Just read this part}}
Published	07/30/2024	Intracellular bacteria live in the {{c1::phagolysosomes}} of phagocytes
Published	07/30/2024	Staphylococcus evades phaocytosis using {{c1::Surface protein A::virulence factor}}
Published	07/30/2024	S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis evade phagocytosis using {{c1::Polysaccharide capsules}}
Published	07/30/2024	S. pyogenes and other group A streptococci evade phaocytosis using {{c1::M protein}}
Published	07/30/2024	N. gonorrhoeae evade phaocytosis using {{c1::Pili}}
Published	07/30/2024	Representative Intraceullar pathogens include the following:{{c1::M. tuberculosisListeria monocytogenesBrucella sp.Legionella sp.::4}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Antigens used in serologic classification of Salmonella include {{c1::O and H antigens}}
Published	07/30/2024	Antigens used in serologic classification of E. coli include {{c1::O and K antigens}}
Published	07/30/2024	Antigens used in serologic classification of V. cholerae include {{c1::O antigen type 1 and O antigen type 139}}
Published	07/30/2024	Antigens used in serologic classification of Group A streptococci include {{c1::M protein}}
Published	07/30/2024	Antigens used in serologic classification of N. meningitidis include {{c1::capsular polysaccharide types A and C}}
Published	07/30/2024	Why should iron therapy be delayed in an active infection?{{c1::Many pathogenic organisms can use small amounts of suplemental iron, resulting in incr…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Biofilm}} - An aggregate of interactive bacteria, encased in an {{c2::exopolysachharide matrix}}
Published	07/30/2024	If you see biofilms forming in...Central venous cathetersContact lensesTeeth (Dental Plaque)Prosthetic JointsThink of {{c1::Staphylococcus epider…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pseudomonas aeruginosa}}-made biofilms should be monitored in px with {{c2::cystic fibrosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pathogenicity}} - The ability of an infectious agent to cause disease
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Virulence}} - The quantitative ability of an agent to cause disease
Published	07/30/2024	When an agent is capable of causing disease only when the host's resistance is impaired, it's considered a/an {{c1::opportunistic patho…
Published	07/30/2024	Four criteria formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler designed to establish a causal relationship between pathogens and a disease{{c1::The or…
Published	07/30/2024	Most frequent portals of pathogenic bacteria to enter the body are sites where {{c1::mucous membranes meet with the skin}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Colonization}} - the establishment of a stable population of bacteria on the host's skin / mucous membrane
Published	07/30/2024	Read this. These are just some examples. Might help just to be familiar but don't memorize these stuff because we'll have proper lessons on them{{c1::…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Normal microbial flora}} - POPULATION of microorganisms that live in the skin and mucous membranes of healthy people
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Normal}} Microbiota - Microbes that live in and on humans and provide the first line of defense against microbial pathogens, degrades toxin…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Transient}} Microbiota - Inhabit the skin or mucous membranes for hours, days, or weeks and are generally of little significance as lo…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Resident}} Microbiota - Relatively fixed microorganisms regularly found in an area at a certain age that can reestablish itself after injur…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Streptococcus viridans}} are normally resident microflora of the upper respiratory tract, which can become opportunistic pathogens by passing to…
Published	07/30/2024	Predominant resident microoganisms of the skin{{c1::}}
Published	07/30/2024	Factors of the skin that contribute to the elimination of non-resident microorganisms{{c1::Low pHFatty acids in sebaceous secretionsPresence of lysozy…
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Microbiota of the Nose{{c1::Corynebacteria, Staphylococci (S. epidermidis), andStreptococci}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Viridans streptococci}} are the most prominent resident flora found 4-12 hours after birth in the newborn
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Microbiota of the Pharynx and Trachea{{c1::α-and β-hemolytic streptococci, anaerobes, staphylococci, neisseriae, diphtheroids Haemophilus, myco…
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Microbiota of the LRT (small bronchi and alveoli){{c1::Wala gago. Sterile lang dito}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Microbiota of the Upper Intestine{{c1::phylum Bacteroidetes and members of the Clostridiales on the mucosaEnterobacteriales&nbsp…
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. pH2. Resident Flora{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Bifidobacteria}} are normal microflora found in breastfed children
Published	07/30/2024	Bottle-fed children have mixed flora existing in the bowel, and {{c1::lactobacilli}} are less prominent
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Helicobacter pylori}}: the only microorganism shown to persist in the stomach
Published	07/30/2024	Six major anaerobe phyla predominant in the normal adult colon: {{c1::Bacteroidetes}}{{c1::Firmicutes}}{{c1::Actinobacteria}}{{c1::Verrucomicrobi…
Published	07/30/2024	Main metabolic function / contribution of intestinal bacteria:Production of {{c1::short-chain fatty acids, vitamin K, B7, and B12::4}}Enhancement of {…
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Microbiota of the Conjunctiva{{c1::DiphtheroidsS epidermidisnon hemolytic streptococciNeisseriae and gram-negative bacilli resembling haemophil…
Published	07/30/2024	Normal microbiota of the vagina soon after birth {{c1::aerobic lactobacilli}} in acidic pH
Published	07/30/2024	Vaginal microbiota after neutralization of pH post-birth {{c1::cocci and bacilli}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal vaginal microbiota at puberty {{c1::aerobic and anaerobic lactobacilli}}
Published	07/30/2024	At menopause, {{c1::lactobacilli}} diminish in number, and there is a return to mixed flora vaginal microbiota
Published	07/30/2024	Most common microbes found during neonatal sepsis and meningitis{{c1::Group B streptococci}}
Published	07/30/2024	6 Characteristics of Pathogenic Bacteria or Mechanisms of Pathogenicity{{c1::Invasion of host cells and tissuesTransmissibilityAdherence to host cells…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Nosocomial Infections}} - Caused by opportunistic pathogens transmitted from one patient to another on the hands of hospital personnel
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Microbiome}} - Genomes of microbial symbionts
Status	Last Update	Fields