Notes in 🧠 Bad Genius

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Published	01/14/2024	1.What is referred to as the ƈinternal environment in homeostasis?A. Intracellular FluidB. Extracellular FluidC. Interstitial FluidD. Transcellular Fl…
Published	01/14/2024	2. Which of the following is true about homeostatic control systems?A. Stability of an internal environmental variable is achieved by absolute magnitu…
Published	01/14/2024	5. Which of the following associations between the phases of an action potential and their respective primary causes is correct?A. Upstroke phase - Na…
Published	01/14/2024	6. If membrane potential is at equilibrium potential of Na:A. Na/K pump is not workingB. Na concentration in ECF and ICF are equalC. Net movement of N…
Published	01/14/2024	7. Bruce Pogi applied a stimulus very slowly to a plasma membrane. Which of the following is the most likely to result?A. Graded PotentialB. Action Po…
Published	01/14/2024	8. Which of the following is the upstroke phase of AP in neurons?A. Membrane polarity remains negativeB. Begins at the onset of the stimulusC. Due to …
Published	01/14/2024	9. Bob and Daniel stimulated two nerve fibers (A & B) simultaneously with the same amount of electric current. However, the conduction was faster …
Published	01/14/2024	11. JR stimulated a nerve axon atat point A and an action potential (AP) was developed. This AP then will be conducted from pointAA totopointpointB;B;…
Published	01/14/2024	12. Chiara stimulated a nerve axon. There was a depolarization, but it was at a short distance. What could have caused it? A. The axon was myelin…
Published	01/14/2024	13.In an experiment, Hara stimulate the plasma mebrane if .If Na+ and K+ is to open at the same time & same speed. What will most likely to o…
Published	01/14/2024	Initiated by a stimulusa. action potentialb. graded potential c. Both a and b d. Neither a nor b
Published	01/14/2024	14. Initiated by a stimulus:A. Action potentialB. Graded potentialC. Both A and B BAD.D. Neither A nor B
Published	01/14/2024	15. Can A. Action potentialB. Graded potentialC. C. Both Both A A and BD. D. Neither A A nor B
Published	01/14/2024	16. Can be conducted??A. Action potentialB. Graded potential B.C. Both A and BD.Neither A nor B
Published	01/14/2024	17. Duration is constant:a. action potentialb. grade potentialc. Both a and Bd. neither a nor B
Published	01/14/2024	18. Which of the following differentiates plasma membrane channel from carrier mediated channels? A. Allows passage of larger moleculesB. Exhibit…
Published	01/14/2024	19. 2 compartments contain 100ml water. water. A A contains contains 0.3% 0.3% NaCl and compartment B B contains contains 0.25%. If a semipermeable me…
Published	01/14/2024	20. Which is true of endocytosis but not of exocytosis? A. An active processB. Forms a transport vesicle C. Removes a portion of the plasma …
Published	01/14/2024	21. Common in both simple diffusion and facilitated transport:A. An active transportB. Exhibits saturationC. Net movement from high to low
Published	01/14/2024	22. Absence of ATP, Na+/Glucose cotransport will most likely:A. Carrier will not be phosphorylatedB. Na+ will not bind to carrierC. Glucose will not b…
Published	01/14/2024	23. What do receptors, enzyme and transporters have in common that can explain why they exhibit specificity, saturation, and competition?A. They are a…
Published	01/14/2024	24. Which of the following refers to the strength of chemical messenger to bind to its receptor?A. AffinityB. SaturationC. CompetitionD. Specificity
Published	01/14/2024	25. Major difference between intracellular receptors and cell membrane receptors. The former tends to be:A. LargerB. ChargedC. ProteinD. Hydrophobic
Published	01/14/2024	26. Which of the following best describes down regulation?A. Mediated by expression of receptors via endocytosisB. Caused by decreased rate of secreti…
Published	01/14/2024	27. A hormone was secreted, and it binds to the receptor of a different cell nearby. It also binds to the receptor of the cell that secreted it. This …
Published	01/14/2024	28. Which is the process that precedes all other steps?A. ModulationB. RecognitionC. TransductionD. Transmission
Published	01/14/2024	29. Which second messenger is associated with the increase of cytosolic Ca concentration from the SER? A.cAMPB. IP3C. DAGD. protein kinase
Published	01/14/2024	30. What is the correct sequence of activating MAPK in the RAS pathway? of in theactivating MAPK RAS pathway?A. Ras → Raf-1 → MEK → MAPK B. Ras →…
Published	01/14/2024	31. Which of the following proteins directly require calcium for full activation? A.JAKB. CalmodulinC. Adenyly cyclase D. Protein kinas…
Published	01/14/2024	32. Which ofof the following happens when GG alpha is activated?A. Activation of phospholipase B. Increase production of cAMPC. Inactivation of a…
Published	01/14/2024	33. What is the initial response in the Triple Response of Lewis (cutaneous vascular response)?A. Axon reflexB. Capillary dilationC. Increased capilla…
Published	01/14/2024	34. The motor end plate is is a a characteristic of which of of the following?theA. Muscle cellB. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum B.C. Presynaptic neuron …
Published	01/14/2024	35.35. Generally, receptors at postsynaptic membrane that require intercession of a G-protein is called:A. IonotropicB. MetabotropicC. NicotinicD. Mus…
Published	01/14/2024	36. Which of the following classical transmitter released at the ventral tegmental area?A. DopamineB. SerotoninC. NorepinephrineD. Epinephrine
Published	01/14/2024	37. If glycine is the transmitter at a synapse, which of the following would be most possible reason for termination of its action at a synapse?A. Hyd…
Published	01/14/2024	38. A motor nerve was stimulated. A potential was developed after to 2 msec and exponentially went back to zero after. Which of the following describe…
Published	01/14/2024	39. Termination of activity at the neuromuscular junction is most commonly due to which of the following?A. Desensitizing transmitters away from the s…
Published	01/14/2024	40. Which of the following best explains why quantal miniature end-plate release of acetylcholine can only lead to miniature end potentials?A. Inadequ…
Published	01/14/2024	41. Steps in bone formation (in chronological order): inI. Osteoblast entrapment in osteoidII. Precipitation of calcium salts into hydroxyapatite crys…
Published	01/14/2024	43. The osteoclasts possess receptors for:A. Calcitonin onlyB. Calcitonin and RANK-L onlyC. Calcitonin and Calcitriol only C.D. Calcitonin, RANK-L, an…
Published	01/14/2024	44. What takes place in osteocytic osteolysis?A. Mobilization of Ca2B. Dramatic decrease in bone C. Increase in osteoblast numberD. Increase…
Published	01/14/2024	45. Physiologic processes dependent on Ca++: ondependentCatt:A. Enzyme activationB. B. Muscle contractionC. Exocytosis D. All of the above
Published	01/14/2024	46. Physiologic activity of Ca2+ is best measured in man as:A. Free ionizedB. Total concentration B.C. Bound to protein especially albumin D…
Published	01/14/2024	47. Which ofof these following processes in calcium homeostasisoccurs inin equal rates?occursA. Gastrointestinal intake and outtakeB. Intestinal filtr…
Published	01/14/2024	48. Hypercalcemia will inhibit PTH secretion from the parathyroid gland by:A. Binding to calcium sensorsB. Activating/stimulating adenylyl cyclaseC. I…
Published	01/14/2024	49. Which hormone is directly involved in intestinal absorption of calcium?A. Parathyroid hormoneB. GlucocorticoidC. CalcitoninD. Vitamin D
Published	01/14/2024	50. Which of the following is affected in familial hypercalcemia hypercalciuria?A. BoneB. KidneyC. IntestineD. Parathyroid gland
Published	01/14/2024	51. Which of the following is/are components of the autonomic nervous system?A. ParasympatheticB. SympatheticC. EntericD. All of the above
Published	01/14/2024	52. What separates somatic nervous system from autonomic nervous system?
Published	01/14/2024	53. 53. Which of the following fibers is least myelinated?A. Axon to the skeletal muscle B. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers C. Parasym…
Published	01/14/2024	53. 53. Which of the following fibers is least myelinated?Which of the following ﬁbers is leastA. Axon to the skeletal muscle B. Sympathetic…
Published	01/14/2024	54. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers that innervate the heart come from which spinal segment:ﬁbersA. C1 to C4B. C5 to C8C. T1 to T4D.T5 to T9
Published	01/14/2024	55. Sympathetic preganglionic nerve fibers that innervate cutaneous blood vessels and vessels to skeletal ﬁbers muscles originate from which spinal co…
Published	01/14/2024	56. Which of the following nuclei contributes to 75% of the parasympathetic output?A. Superior salivatory nucleusB. Inferior salivatory nucleusC. Edin…
Published	01/14/2024	57. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is an example of:A. CatalyticB. IonotropicC. MetabotropicD. Nuclear
Published	01/14/2024	58. What are parasympathetic cranial nerves in the spinal cord?A. II, XII, IX, XB. III, XII, IX, XC. III, XII, IX, X, S1-S4D. III, XII, IX, X, S2-S4
Published	01/14/2024	59. What ganglionic fiber uses acetylcholine muscarinic receptor?A. Parasympathetic post ganglionic
Published	01/14/2024	60. The principle ofof cooperative control in the autonomic nervous systemisis seen in:A. Heart and stomach onlyB. Heart, stomach, bronchioles C.…
Published	01/14/2024	61. Which ofof thethefollowing is the ganglion ofof origin ofof postganglionic ﬁbersfibers that produce abundant watery secretion of parotid gland?A.&…
Published	01/14/2024	62. Which of the following is true about sympathetic system and not about parasympathetic system? A. Its absence is incompatible with lifeB. Inne…
Published	01/14/2024	63. Which autonomic nervous receptor mediates epinephrine secretion by by the adrenal medulla?A.A. Adrenergic alpha receptorB. Adrenergic beta 2 recep…
Published	01/14/2024	64. Which ofof thethefollowing is responsible for the long-lasting effect of sympathetic response compared to parasympathetic response?forA. Slow inac…
Published	01/14/2024	65. Which of the following responses is mediated by muscarinic parasympathetic receptors?A. Increased Cardiac ContractilityB. Erection of external gen…
Published	01/14/2024	66. Which autonomic receptor mediates secretion of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla?A. Adrenergic A receptorsB. Adrenergic B2 receptorsC. Cholinergi…
Published	01/14/2024	67. Activation of postganglionic fibers arising from the inferior mesenteric ganglion causes:A. Penile erectionB. Contraction of anal sphincterC. Rela…
Published	01/14/2024	68. Urinary bladder wall contraction is a result of the activation of which ganglion?A. AorticorenalB. HypogastricC. Inferior mesentericD. Terminal
Published	01/14/2024	9. 69. Hepatic Hepatic glycogenolysis glycogenolysis is is regulated by which origin of post ganglion: A. T1-T4B. T5-T9C. T10-T12D. L1-L2
Published	01/14/2024	70. Referring to the previous item, what receptor is activated to promote glycogenolysis? A. Alpha 2B. Beta 1C.Beta 2D. Beta 3
Published	01/14/2024	71. Atropine, an anticholinergic drug, causes dry mouth by inhibiting which receptor? A.M1B. M2C. M3D. N2
Published	01/14/2024	72. Salbutamol is useful in treatment of asthma because it promotes bronchodilation byby acting as an agonist to what receptor?anA. A1 receptorB. B1 r…
Published	01/14/2024	73. After extensive laboratory testing. a 60-year-old man was found to have pheochromocytoma which mainly secretes epinephrine. Which sign is expected…
Published	01/14/2024	75. signs of organophosphate poisoning are the followingA. Decrease acetylcholine breakdown
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