Notes in 38 Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery

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Published	12/13/2023	Bone cement is also known as {{c1::polymethylmethacrylate}}
Published	12/13/2023	Bone cement expansion causes {{c1::intramedullary hypertension}}, increasing the risk of fat, cement, air or bone marrow {{c2::embolism}}
Published	12/13/2023	Bone cement implantation syndrome may present with {{c1::hypoxia}} due to increased pulmonary shunt
Published	12/13/2023	Bone cement implantation syndrome may present with arrhythmias such as {{c1::heart block}} and {{c1::sinus arrest}}
Published	12/13/2023	Bone cement implantation syndrome may present with {{c1::decreased::increased/decreased}} cardiac output
Published	12/13/2023	Bone cement implantation syndrome may present with pulmonary {{c1::hyper::hyper/hypo}}tension
Published	12/13/2023	Bone cement implantation syndrome may be prevented by increasing {{c1::FiO2}} prior to cementing and maintaining {{c2::euvolemia}}
Published	12/13/2023	Bone cement implantation syndrome may be treated by drilling vent holes into the {{c1::distal femur}}.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c2::High-pressure lavage}} of the femoral shaft may remove {{c1::microthrombi}}, reducing the risk of bone cement implantation syndrome following hi…
Published	12/13/2023	Tourniquet inflation pressure is usually set {{c1::100}} mmHg greater than the patient's baseline {{c2::systolic::systolic/diastolic}} pressure
Published	12/13/2023	Tourniquet inflation times exceeding {{c1::2}} hour(s) will cause muscle ischemia with risk for subsequent {{c2::rhabdomyolysis}} and {{c2::peripheral…
Published	12/13/2023	Tourniquet pain may require supplemental {{c1::I.V. or general}} anesthesia in addition to a regional nerve block
Published	12/13/2023	Noxious stimuli due to tourniquet compression often manifests as increasing {{c1::blood pressure}} approximately {{c2::1}} hour(s) after inflation
Published	12/13/2023	What intervention provides immediate relief of tourniquet pain and associated hypertension?{{c1::Cuff deflation}}
Published	12/13/2023	Tourniquet {{c1::deflation}} may {{c2::increase::increase/decrease}} PaCO2, EtCO2, serum K+ and serum lactate levels
Published	12/13/2023	Tourniquets create a {{c1::bloodless field}} that greatly facilitates surgery
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Fat embolism}} syndrome classically presents with the triad of {{c2::dyspnea}}, {{c2::confusion}}, and {{c2::petechiae}} within 72 hours of long…
Published	12/13/2023	Fat embolism syndrome is due to escape of circulating fat globules through torn {{c2::medullary vessels}}
Published	12/13/2023	Signs of fat embolism syndrome during general anesthesia include a {{c2::decrease::increase/decrease}} in EtCO2 and SaO2 as well as an {{c1:…
Published	12/13/2023	Patients on {{c1::warfarin}} therapy should not receive a neuraxial block unless the (INR) is < {{c2::1.5}}
Published	12/13/2023	What preoperative imaging should be done in patients with rheumatoid arthritis to assess for airway difficulti…
Published	12/13/2023	What are the signs of cricoarytenoid arthritis?{{c1::Hoarseness}} or {{c1::inspiratory stridor}} …
Published	12/13/2023	What type of anesthetic technique is used for shoulder arthroscopy?{{c1::General}} anesthesia with {{c1::interscalene}} block
Published	12/13/2023	Brachial plexus blocks do not anesthetize the {{c1::intercostobrachial}} nerve distribution
Published	12/13/2023	What airway complication is caused by cricoarytenoid arthritis?{{c1::post-extubation airway obstruction}} …
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