Notes in 02_Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

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Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Chronic kidney disease}} is {{c2::a reduction in kidney function for > 3 months which is classified according to eGFR and Albumin:creatinine …
Published	02/10/2024	Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined by either: {{c1::Kidney damage (abnormal blood, urine, x-ray findings)}} {{c1::GFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2 t…
Published	02/10/2024	Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) {{c1::Aging}} {{c1::Diabetes}} {{c1::Hypertension}} {{c1::Glomerulonephritis}} {{c1::Polycystic kidney disease}…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)}} {{c1::Often asymptomatic except with advanced disease}} {{c1::Pruritus (itching)}} {{c1::Loss of …
Published	02/10/2024	Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) {{c1::Hyperkalaemia}} {{c1::Anaemia}} {{c1::Renal bone disease (hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia, hyper…
Published	02/10/2024	Pathophysiology of Anaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD){{c1::Normally, kidney cells produced erythropoietin. Erythropoietin is a hormone that …
Published	02/10/2024	Pathophysiology of Renal Bone Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) {{c1::Kidney damage leads to a reduction in excretion of phosphate and low level…
Published	02/10/2024	Assessment of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) {{c1::Bloods: U&Es (eGFR <60 +/- Albumin:Creatinine Ratio)}} {{c1::Risk Factors: HbA1c and Blood Pre…
Published	02/10/2024	Screen for {{c1::Myeloma}} if the patient presents with Anaemia +/- Hypercalcaemia and Bone Pain in Chronic Kidney Disease
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Two}} tests of eGFR that are done {{c1::3 months}} apart are used for diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Published	02/10/2024	Creatinine will not be raised above the normal range until {{c1::60}}% of total kidney function is lost
Published	02/10/2024	In the context of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), {{c2::Renal Ultrasound}} is done for {{c1::suspected urolithiasis}}, {{c1::obstruction}}, or…
Published	02/10/2024	The two most important markers to predict the prognosis and complications of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) include {{c1::eGFR}} and {{c1::urinary album…
Published	02/10/2024	Classification/Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is done using the {{c1::G score (eGFR)}} and {{c1::A score (albumin:creatinine ratio)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Classification/Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) The G score (based on eGFR) {{c1::G1 = eGFR >90}} {{c1::G2 = eGFR 60-89}} {{c1::G3…
Published	02/10/2024	Classification/Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) The A score (based on the albumin:creatinine ratio) {{c1::A1 = < 3mg/mmol}} {{…
Published	02/10/2024	Approach to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) {{c1::Slow down the disease progression (control diabetes and hypertension, stop any nephrotoxic drugs)}} {{c…
Published	02/10/2024	Management of Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD){{c1::ACE inhibitors (for BP control: aim for BP < 140/90) - If ACR >70 mg/mmol…
Published	02/10/2024	Indications for usage of ACEi or ARB in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) {{c1::ACR ≥ 3 mg/mmol plus Diabetes}} {{c1::ACR ≥ 30 mg/mmol plus Hypertension}} …
Published	02/10/2024	Remember to monitor U&Es for {{c1::hyperkalaemia}} in the case of usage of ACE inhibitors in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Published	02/10/2024	Management of Anaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) {{c1::Iron therapy (IV/Oral Iron)}} {{c1::Erythropoiesis stimulating agents (e.g. epoetin alfa)}…
Published	02/10/2024	The three Biochemical Aspects of Renal Bone Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) include:{{c1::Hypocalcaemia}}, {{c1::Hyperphosphataemia}}, {{…
Published	02/10/2024	Management of Renal Bone Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) {{c1::Hypocalcaemia: active forms of vitamin D (e.g. Alfacalcidol and Calcitriol)}} {…
Published	02/10/2024	Indications for Referral of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) to Renal Specialist {{c1::eGFR < 30}} {{c1::ACR ≥ 70 mg/mmol}} {{c1::Accelerated progressi…
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