Notes in ✧ Cellular Signaling in Physiology

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Published	01/14/2024	What are three ways chemical signals can induce a physiological response in cells?
Published	01/14/2024	Explain endocrine signaling
Published	01/14/2024	Explain paracrine signaling
Published	01/14/2024	Explain autocrine signaling
Published	01/14/2024	What are hormones?
Published	01/14/2024	Example of a hormone that the kidney can produce
Published	01/14/2024	Example of a hormone that the salivary gland can produce
Published	01/14/2024	Explain juxtacrine signaling
Published	01/14/2024	For paracrine and autocrine signals to be delivered to their proper targets, their diffusion must be {{c1::limited}}. This restriction …
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Published	01/14/2024	What are the four types of chemicals that can serve as extracellular signaling molecules?
Published	01/14/2024	What is an example of an amine extracellular signaling molecule?
Published	01/14/2024	What are examples of a peptide and protein extracellular signaling molecule?
Published	01/14/2024	What are examples of steroid extracellular signaling molecule?
Published	01/14/2024	What are examples of other small extracellular signaling molecule?
Published	01/14/2024	Most receptors are proteins on the cell surface or within the cell that specifically bind a signaling molecule (the ligand) and induce a cel…
Published	01/14/2024	What are secondary messengers?
Published	01/14/2024	In some cases, the receptor is itself the effector, as in ligand-gated ion channels that {{c1::alter transmembrane ion conductance}}&nb…
Published	01/14/2024	What are examples of effectors?
Published	01/14/2024	What are the five categories of receptors based on their mechanism of signal transduction
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Published	01/14/2024	What ligand-gated ion channels involved in?
Published	01/14/2024	In Ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ligands results in transient opening of the channel and thus alters the {{c1::ion permeability of the cel…
Published	01/14/2024	What are the 2 main components of G protein-coupled receptors?
Published	01/14/2024	How many times does the single polypeptide chain in GPCRs span the plasma membrane?
Published	01/14/2024	Explain the GPCR pathway in simple terms
Published	01/14/2024	What cellular functions is the GPCR pathway involved in?
Published	01/14/2024	What is unique about catalytic receptors?
Published	01/14/2024	What is the most common catalyst receptors?
Published	01/14/2024	In many cases, catalytic receptors are either {{c1::kinases}} that add phosphate groups to their substrates or {{c1::phosphatases}…
Published	01/14/2024	Where are nuclear receptors located?
Published	01/14/2024	Nuclear receptors link extracellular signals to {{c1::gene transcription}}.
Published	01/14/2024	What does regulated intramembraneous proteolysis do?
Published	01/14/2024	What are the 6 steps of signalings events initiated by membrane-associated receptors?
Published	01/14/2024	In receptors, what is specificity?
Published	01/14/2024	In receptors, what is saturation?
Published	01/14/2024	In receptors, what is affinity?
Published	01/14/2024	In receptors, what is competition?
Published	01/14/2024	In receptors, what is an antagonist?
Published	01/14/2024	In receptors, what is an agonist?
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