Notes in Week 2

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Published	09/19/2024	Somatic dysfunction: {{c1::impaired or altered function of related components of the body framework::definition}}
Published	09/19/2024	Somatic disfunction is characterized by 4 main things:{{c1::Positional asymmetry}}{{c1::Restricted ROM}}{{c1::Tissue texture abnormalities}}{{c1::Tend…
Published	09/19/2024	In osteopathic medicine we generally name the dysfunction by the direction in which {{c1::motion is freer}}
Published	09/19/2024	TART helps determine {{c1::somatic dysfunction}}:T{{c2::issue texture abnormalities}}A{{c2::symmetry}}R{{c2::estricted ROM}}T{{c2::enderness}}
Published	09/19/2024	In relation to tissue texture, acute pain presents as {{c1::spongy, moist (sweaty)}}.
Published	09/19/2024	In relation to tissue texture, chronic pain presents as {{c1::ropey, dry}}.
Published	09/19/2024	In relation to range of motion (ROM), structure refers to {{c1::the static position of the joint (usually in relation to adjacent structures)}}
Published	09/19/2024	In relation to range of motion (ROM), motion refers to {{c1::the active position of the joint (and the difficulty of moving it)::joint nomenclature}}
Published	09/19/2024	The limits of physiologic range of motion are {{c1::active movement to where you're uncomfortable}}
Published	09/19/2024	The limits of anatomical range of motion are {{c1::when even passive (assisted) motion will cause injury}}
Published	09/19/2024	Most somatic dysfunction occurs at {{c1::transitional regions of the spine, specifically cervical & thoracic}}
Published	09/19/2024	The 4 basic vital signs are:{{c1::Blood pressure}}{{c1::Heart rate}}{{c1::Respiratory rate}}{{c1::Temperature}}
Published	09/19/2024	Normal parameters for heart rate:{{c1::50}} - {{c1::100}} beats per minute
Published	09/19/2024	Normal parameters for temperature:{{c1::97}} - {{c1::100.3}} degrees F
Published	09/19/2024	Normal parameters for respiration rate:{{c1::6}} - {{c1::20}} breaths per minute
Published	09/19/2024	Normal parameters for blood pressure:Systolic: {{c1::90}} - {{c1::160}} mmHgDiastolic: {{c1::60}} - {{c1::90}} mmHg
Published	09/19/2024	Data collected for the objective section (besides the 4 vital signs){{c1::Weight & height}}{{c1::BMI}}{{c1::Pain}}{{c1::Oxygen saturation}}
Published	09/19/2024	Systolic blood pressure is associated with the {{c1::1st Korotkoff}} sound
Published	09/19/2024	Diastolic blood pressure is associated with the {{c1::last Korotkoff}} sound
Published	09/19/2024	Blood pressure is recorded as:{{c1::Systolic/Diastolic}}aka{{c2::Heart contraction/Heart relaxation}}
Published	09/19/2024	Normal blood pressure is: {{c1::less than or = to 120/80}}
Published	09/19/2024	Pre-hypertensive blood pressure: {{c1::120-139 / 80-89}}
Published	09/19/2024	Stage 1 hypertensive blood pressure: {{c1::140-159 / 90-99}}
Published	09/19/2024	Stage 2 hypertensive blood pressure: {{c1::160/100 or greater}}
Published	09/19/2024	Underweight BMI: {{c1::less than 18.5}}
Published	09/19/2024	Normal BMI: {{c1::18.5}} - {{c1::24.9}}
Published	09/19/2024	Overweight BMI: {{c1::25}} - {{c1::29.9}}
Published	09/19/2024	Obese BMI: {{c1::greater than 30}}
Published	09/19/2024	BMI is calculated by {{c1::weight/height2}}
Published	09/19/2024	A problem list is used to {{c1::identify all of the relevent (and specific) problems in this encounter}}.
Published	09/19/2024	A problem list can include things such as {{c1::cc/symptomknown diagnosespertinent HPIpertinent ROS or associated symptomspertinent social factor…
Published	09/19/2024	A differential diagnosis (DDx) list is {{c1::a list of 3-5 probable diagnoses you are considering, listed most to least likely}}
Published	09/19/2024	The assessment section of a SOAP note includes 4 things:{{c1::Brief statement of CC and your assessment }}{{c1::Differential diagnosis list}}{{c1…
Published	09/19/2024	The plan section of the SOAP note can be organized using TTFP:T{{c1::ests}}T{{c1::reatment}}F{{c1::ollow Up}}P{{c1::atient Education}}
Published	09/19/2024	TTFP:Tests include {{c1::further work-up, imaging, questionnares, etc.}}Treatment - {{c1::what you want to start or take away (meds, referral, lifesty…
Published	09/19/2024	A {{c1::transverse}} plane cuts the body in half {{c2::top to bottom}}
Published	09/19/2024	A {{c1::frontal/coronal}} plane cuts the body in half {{c2::front to back}}
Published	09/19/2024	A {{c1::sagittal}} plane cuts the body in half {{c2::left to right}}
Published	09/19/2024	The guideline of 3 tells us {{c1::the position of the spinous process for vertebrae T1-12}}
Published	09/19/2024	At neutral, the spinous processes of T1-3 will be {{c1::on the same plane}}
Published	09/19/2024	At neutral, the spinous processes of T4-6 will be {{c1::halfway between vertebrae}}
Published	09/19/2024	At neutral, the spinous processes of T7-9 will be {{c1::on the inferior vertebrae}}
Published	09/19/2024	At neutral, the spinous processes of T10-12 will be {{c1::a full step (10), half step (11), and in line (12)}}
Published	09/19/2024	There are 4 main spinal movements: {{c1::Flexion, Extension, Sidebending, and Rotation}}
Published	09/19/2024	In spinal flexion the articular processes will {{c1::have more space between them}}
Published	09/19/2024	In spinal extension the articular processes will {{c1::be very compacted}}
Published	09/19/2024	When palpating a rotated vertebrae, we say the vertebrae is rotated to the side that {{c1::is more posterior}}
Published	09/19/2024	Fryette's 1st Principle (aka {{c3::Type 1}}): {{c1::the vertebrae is rotated and sidebent in opposite directions::directionality}}This is usually a {{…
Published	09/19/2024	Fryette's 2nd Principle (aka {{c3::Type 2}}): {{c1::the vertebrae is rotated and sidebent in the same direction::directionality}}This is usually a(n) …
Published	09/19/2024	We notate somatic dysfunctions in the following format{{c1::Vertebrae #}}+{{c1::Position of Ease}}+{{c1::Rotated}}+R/L+{{c1::Sidebent}}+R/L
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.8173:top=.297:width=.0169:height=.0374:oi=1}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.8627:top=.2979:width=.0169:height=.0374…
Published	09/19/2024	The {{c1::cervical}} and {{c1::lumbar}} spine have natural {{c2::lordosis}}
Published	09/19/2024	The {{c1::thoracic}} and {{c1::sacral}} spine have natural {{c2::kyphosis}}
Published	09/19/2024	The Cobb angle is used to {{c1::measure the degree of curvature in scoliosis}}
Published	09/19/2024	The {{c1::lumbosacral angle}} (aka {{c2::Ferguson's angle}}) measures {{c3::the angle between L5 and S1}} and is clinically relevant for low back pain
Published	09/19/2024	The {{c2::lumbosacral lordotic angle}} measures {{c1::the angle between L2 to S1}} and is used to diagnose lumbar lordosis
Published	09/19/2024	Close packed means that {{c1::there is little free space within a joint}}
Published	09/19/2024	Loose packed means that {{c1::there is some free space within a joint}}
Published	09/19/2024	Joint injuries are more likely to occur when the joint is in a {{c1::close::loose/close}} packed position
Published	09/19/2024	Sympathetic nerves in the {{c1::head, neck, & thorax}} have longer {{c2::post::pre/post}} synaptic fibers
Published	09/19/2024	In the parasympathetic nervous system the {{c1::pre::pre/post}} synaptic fibers are longer.
Published	09/19/2024	Sympathetic nerves in the {{c1::abdomen & pelvis}} have longer {{c2::pre::pre/post}} synaptic fibers
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0058:top=.2367:width=.1128:height=.0338:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0224:top=.379:width=.1154:height=.0338…
Published	09/19/2024	Splanchnic nerves are {{c1::nerves that branch off the sympathetic chain}} and innervate {{c1::autonomic}} systems
Published	09/19/2024	The {{c1::sympathetic chain}} (aka {{c2::paravertebral ganglia}}) is {{c3::many autonomic fibers parallel to the spinal column that allow for a faster…
Published	09/19/2024	Sympathetic innervation typically arises from {{c1::C8-L2::spinal level}}
Published	09/19/2024	Parasympathetic innervation typically arises from {{c1::S2-S4::vertebrae}} & {{c1::CN 3, 7, 9, & 10::other nerves}}
Published	09/19/2024	If the sympathetic chain were a freeway, the {{c1::white ramus communicans}} is the on ramp.
Published	09/19/2024	If the sympathetic chain were a freeway, the {{c1::gray ramus communicans}} is the off ramp.
Published	09/19/2024	Sympathetic signals that enter the sympathetic chain can either travel {{c1::up, down, or exit at the same spinal level::3 options}}
Published	09/19/2024	Dermatomes are {{c1::areas of skin that recieve cutaneous innervation from a spinal level}}
Published	09/19/2024	Dermatome borders are variable between individuals because {{c1::they are defined by where the signal originates, not the specific nerve fibers}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important DermatomesSpinal level: {{c1::C6}}Area of innervation: {{c2::Thumb}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important DermatomesSpinal level: {{c1::C7}}Area of innervation: {{c2::Middle finger}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important DermatomesSpinal level: {{c1::C8}}Area of innervation: {{c2::Pinky finger}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important DermatomesSpinal level: {{c1::T4}}Area of innervation: {{c2::Nipple line}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important DermatomesSpinal level: {{c1::T6}}Area of innervation: {{c2::Xyphoid process}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important DermatomesSpinal level: {{c1::T10}}Area of innervation: {{c2::Umbilicus}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important DermatomesSpinal level: {{c1::L4 & L5::2}}Area of innervation: {{c2::Big toe}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important DermatomesSpinal level: {{c1::S5}}Area of innervation: {{c2::Perianal region}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important MyotomesSpinal level: {{c1::C1-2}}Action when innervated: {{c2::Cervical flexion}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important MyotomesSpinal level: {{c1::C3}}Action when innervated: {{c2::Lateral cervical flexion}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important MyotomesSpinal level: {{c1::C4}}Action when innervated: {{c2::Scapular elevation}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important MyotomesSpinal level: {{c1::C5}}Action when innervated: {{c2::Shoulder abduction}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important MyotomesSpinal level: {{c1::C6}}Action when innervated: {{c2::Flex elbow, wrist extension}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important MyotomesSpinal level: {{c1::C7}}Action when innervated: {{c2::Elbow extension, flex wrist}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important MyotomesSpinal level: {{c1::C8}}Action when innervated: {{c2::Thumb extension}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important MyotomesSpinal level: {{c1::T1}}Action when innervated: {{c2::Finger abduction}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important MyotomesSpinal level: {{c1::L1-2}}Action when innervated: {{c2::Hip flexion}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important MyotomesSpinal level: {{c1::L3}}Action when innervated: {{c2::Knee extension}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important MyotomesSpinal level: {{c1::L4}}Action when innervated: {{c2::Dorsiflexion}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important MyotomesSpinal level: {{c1::L5}}Action when innervated: {{c2::Big toe extension}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important MyotomesSpinal level: {{c1::S1}}Action when innervated: {{c2::Plantarflexion}}
Published	09/19/2024	Important MyotomesSpinal level: {{c1::S2}}Action when innervated: {{c2::Knee flexion}}
Published	09/19/2024	If a sympathetic nerve bypasses the sympathetic chain it must {{c1::synapse at a pre-aortic ganglion}}.
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.8365:top=.6163:width=.0974:height=.0861:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.834:top=.7541:width=.0974:height=.1378…
Published	09/19/2024	Important dermatome landmarks of the chest are{{c1::Nipple line}} innervated by {{c2::T4}}and {{c1::Umbilicus}} innervated by {{c2::T10}}
Published	09/19/2024	DeltoidAttatches: {{c1::acromion, scapular spine, lateral clavicle::3}}Inserts: {{c1::deltoid tuberosity}}Innervated by: {{c1::axillary n}}Action: {{c…
Published	09/19/2024	Pectoralis MajorAttatches: {{c1::greater tubercular ridge of the humerus}}Inserts: {{c1::clavicle, sternum::2}}Innervated by: {{c1::lateral & medi…
Published	09/19/2024	Pectoralis MinorAttatches: {{c1::coracoid process}}Inserts: {{c1::ribs 3-5}}Innervated by: {{c1::medial pectoral n}}Action: {{c2::protraction, downwar…
Published	09/19/2024	The thoracic outlet is {{c1::a space between the clavicle and 1st rib}}, it contains the {{c2::subclavian a/v and the beginning of the brachial plexus…
Published	09/19/2024	Lymphatic vessels are blind-ended meaning {{c1::they have blunt "endings" for fluid transfer}}
Published	09/19/2024	The right lymphatic trunk drains lymph from {{c1::the upper right quadrant of the body}}
Published	09/19/2024	The left lymphatic trunk drains lymph from the {{c1::left upper quadrant of the body, the abdomen, and lower extremities}}
Published	09/19/2024	"Lymph" is fluid drawn from {{c1::interstital spaces, processed with immune cells, and returned to the venous system::cycle of lymphatics}}
Published	09/19/2024	Breasts are essentially composed of {{c1::mammary glands, adipose tissue, & suspensory ligaments::3 things}}
Published	09/19/2024	75% of the lymph in the breast drains {{c1::laterally to the axillary nodes}}, 25% drains {{c1::medially to parasternal nodes}}
Published	09/19/2024	Breast cancer often metastasizes through lymph, so you can stage the cancer by {{c1::determining the amount of lymph drainage}}
Published	09/19/2024	The cell goes through 4 phases: {{c1::G1}}, {{c1::S}}, {{c1::G2}}, and {{c1::Mitosis}}
Published	09/19/2024	During {{c2::G1}} phase the cell {{c1::grows}}
Published	09/19/2024	During {{c2::S}} phase the cell {{c1::synthesizes a complete copy of its DNA}}
Published	09/19/2024	During {{c2::G2}} phase the cell {{c1::continues to grow and add more organelles to prepare for mitosis}}
Published	09/19/2024	During {{c2::M}} phase the cell {{c1::undergoes mitosis or meiosis}}
Published	09/19/2024	Daughter DNA refers to {{c1::the newly synthesized strand of DNA}}
Published	09/19/2024	In biochemistry, fidelity is {{c1::the accuracy of the DNA sequence copied during replication}}.
Published	09/19/2024	In DNA replication, processivity refers to {{c1::the number of nucleotides incorporated by RNA polymerase before it dissociates}}
Published	09/19/2024	Ori is {{c1::the origin site of DNA replication}}
Published	09/19/2024	Eukaryotes have more DNA than prokaryotes, so {{c2::there are multiple replication sites}} in order to {{c1::increase efficiency}}.
Published	09/19/2024	DNA replication is semi conservative which means {{c1::when there is a DNA molecule created 1/2 is the original strand itself and 1/2 is the new …
Published	09/19/2024	RNA polymerase on the leading strand will synthesize {{c1::continuously::continuous/fragments}} {{c1::towards::away/towards}} the replication fork
Published	09/19/2024	RNA polymerase on the lagging strand will synthesize {{c1::in fragments::continuous/fragments}} {{c1::away from::away/towards}} the replication fork
Published	09/19/2024	The lagging strand uses many {{c1::primers}} because it is formed in fragments called {{c2::Okazaki}} fragments.
Published	09/19/2024	DNA replication will always proceed {{c1::5' to 3'::direction}}
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::DNA helicase}} {{c2::unwinds the double helix::action}}
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Single stranded binding proteins (SSBs)}} {{c2::prevent spontaneous rewinding of the DNA::action}}
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Topoisomerase}} {{c2::cleave DNA strands to relieve "supercoils"::action}}
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Primase}} {{c2::synthesizes ~10bp RNA strands to help initiate replication::action}}
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::DNA polymerase III}} {{c2::is the main elongation enzyme that adds nucleotides to the DNA strand::primary action}} it also acts as {{c2::an…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::DNA Ligase}} {{c2::seals the gap created by exonuclease activity::action}}
Published	09/19/2024	DNA Polymerase III has high processivity because {{c1::it has subunits that form a "clamp" to easily move along the DNA strand}}
Published	09/19/2024	Prokaryotic DNA replication is terminated when {{c1::Tus protein binds to a termination (Ter) site to stop the replication fork}}
Published	09/19/2024	Telomeres are {{c1::single stranded overhang sequences on the end of chromosomes}}
Published	09/19/2024	Telomeres are related to normal aging because {{c1::they shorten with each cell division}}
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Telomerase }}{{c2::synthesizes a DNA strand and translocates it to the telomere to prevent shortening}}
Published	09/19/2024	In eukaryotes, {{c2::Mut proteins}} identify mismatched base pairs (mistakes) by {{c1::abnormal methylation}}
Published	09/19/2024	UV damage causes {{c1::abnormal binding T-T::DNA effect}}, this is recognized and cleaved by {{c1::an endonuclease}} then repaired as normal
Published	09/19/2024	If a single base is damaged it will be removed using {{c1::base excision repair}}
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)::Method}}Goal: {{c2::make a shit ton of copies of one DNA segment}}
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism PCR (RFLP-PCR)::Method}}How it works: {{c2::Use restriction enzymes to cut up DNA strand}}Why it works:…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Amplification Refractory Mutation System PCR (ARMS-PCR)::Method}}How it works: {{c2::Use primers for specific sequences to identify if they are …
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Southern Blotting::Method}}How it works: {{c2::Cut DNA into different sizes, organize/separate by size, then use probe to find a desired sequenc…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Sanger Sequencing::Method}}How it works: {{c2::Add special markers to each nucleotide}}Why it works: {{c2::Different markers (colors) for each n…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Microarray::Method}}How it works: {{c2::Have a board filled with primers for already known sequences}}Why it works: {{c2::The genome only bonds …
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::CGH Microarray::Method}}How it works: {{c2::Have a board filled with primers for already known sequences}}Why it works: {{c2::The genome only bo…
Status	Last Update	Fields