Notes in ✧ DNA Repair

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	01/14/2024	What process is used by mismatch repair enzymes to distinguish between old and new DNA strands in prokaryotes?{{c1::DNA methylation}}
Published	01/14/2024	What mutation is induced by UV radiation?{{c1::Pyrimidine dimers (e.g. thymine dimers)}}
Published	01/14/2024	What form of DNA repair fixes mutations induced by UV radiation?{{c1::Nucleotide excision repair}}
Published	01/14/2024	The enzyme that recognizes and excises pyrimidine dimer mutations is {{c1::excision endonuclease}}
Published	01/14/2024	The enzymes that repair pyrimidine dimer mutations are {{c1::DNA polymerase}} and {{c1::DNA ligase}}
Published	01/14/2024	What phase of the cell cycle do nucleotide excision repairs occur?{{c1::G1}}
Published	01/14/2024	Xeroderma Pigmentosum is an inherited pathology due to a defective {{c1::Nucleotide Excision Repair}} pathway
Published	01/14/2024	What form of DNA repair fixes mutations due to DNA replication errors?{{c1::Mismatch repair}}
Published	01/14/2024	Recognition and facilitation of excision of {{c2::mismatched nucleotides}} occur via enzymes found on two genes: {{c1::MSH2 (MutS)}} or {{c1::MLH1 (Mu…
Published	01/14/2024	The enzymes that repair mismatched base mutations are {{c1::DNA polymerase}} and {{c1::DNA ligase}}
Published	01/14/2024	What pathology is characterized by a deficiency of the enzymes used in mismatch base repair? {{c1::Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal …
Published	01/14/2024	What phase of the cell cycle do mismatch base repairs predominantly occur?{{c1::S}}
Published	01/14/2024	{{c1::Deamination (e.g. cytosine to uracil)}} is a mutation that may occur spontaneously or due to heat or nitrates
Published	01/14/2024	What form of DNA repair fixes mutations due to spontaneous/toxic deamination?{{c1::Base excision repair}}
Published	01/14/2024	In base excision repair, base-specific {{c1::glycosylases}} remove the altered base and create a(n) {{c2::AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic)}} site
Published	01/14/2024	Which base excision repair enzyme is responsible for removing nucleotides at the 5' end?{{c1::AP-endonuclease}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which base excision repair enzyme is responsible for removing nucleotides at the 3' end?{{c1::Lyase}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which base excision repair enzymes are responsible for filling and sealing the gap from the excised bases?{{c1::DNA polymerase-β::specific}} (filling)…
Published	01/14/2024	What phase of the cell cycle do base excision repairs occur?{{c1::Throughout the cell cycle}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which forms of DNA repair repairs double-stranded breaks (due to ionizing radiation)?{{c1::Nonhomologous end joining}} and {{c2::homologous recombinat…
Published	01/14/2024	Mechanisms to repair {{c1::dsDNA}} breaks are defective in Ataxia telangiectasia, Fanconi anemia, and SCID
Published	01/14/2024	Aplastic anemia may be caused by {{c2::Fanconi}} anemia, which occurs due to a(n) {{c1::dsDNA repair}} defect, resulting in bone marrow failure
Published	01/14/2024	Lynch syndrome and some sporadic colorectal carcinomas arise via the {{c1::microsatellite}} instability pathway
Published	01/14/2024	{{c1::Lynch}} syndrome is due to an inherited defect in {{c2::DNA mismatch repair}} enzymes, resulting in microsatellite instability
Published	01/14/2024	Lynch syndrome was previously known as {{c1::hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)}}
Published	01/14/2024	What is the mode of inheritance of Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)? {{c1::Autosomal dominant}}
Published	01/14/2024	Lynch syndrome progresses to {{c1::colorectal}} cancer in ~ 80% of patients
Published	01/14/2024	{{c2::Ataxia-Telangiectasia}} is due to defects in the {{c1::ATM}} gene
Published	01/14/2024	Which immunodeficiency is caused by failure to repair DNA double strand breaks? {{c1::Ataxia-telangiectasia}}
Published	01/14/2024	Ataxia-TelangiectasiA presents with a triad of:- {{c1::cerebellar defects (Ataxia)}}- {{c2::spider angiomas (Telangiectasia)}}- {{c3::IgA deficiency}}…
Published	01/14/2024	Ataxia-telangiectasia is associated with increased risk of {{c1::lymphoma}} and {{c2::leukemia}}
Published	01/14/2024	{{c2::Ionizing}} radiation results in the formation of double-stranded breaks in DNA and {{c1::hydroxyl free radicals}} which damage DNA
Published	01/14/2024	{{c1::Xeroderma pigmentosum}} results from lack of excision endonuclease activity to remove pyrimidine dimers
Published	01/14/2024	Patients with Xeroderma Pigmentosum often present with freckled and dry skin, extreme {{c1::sunlight}} sensitivity, and {{c2::corneal}} ulcers
Published	01/14/2024	Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum are at risk for which type/s of skin cancer?{{c1::All :)}}
Published	01/14/2024	Patients with Xeroderma Pigmentosum cannot repair {{c1::Thymidine Dimers}} formed as a result of UV-B exposure
Published	01/14/2024	Nonhomologous End Joining (NHEJ) occurs {{c1::before::before/after?}} S phase of the cell cycle
Published	01/14/2024	Is Nonhomologous End Joining error prone?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	01/14/2024	Nonhomologous End Joining is defective in {{c1::SCID}} and {{c2::Ataxia Telangiectasia}}
Published	01/14/2024	Patients with ataxia-telangiectasia have vitiligo, granulomas, and a high recurrence of {{c1::sinopulmonary}} infections
Published	01/14/2024	Depurination results in the loss of {{c1::purine}} bases
Status	Last Update	Fields