Notes in Female Reproductive System

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Published	03/20/2024	How often should mammograms be scheduled for normal risk patients?
Published	03/20/2024	When are pelvic exams scheduled and indicated?
Published	03/20/2024	Disease: {{c1::HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) }}Manifestation: Causes {{c2::epithelial tumors}} of the {{c3::skin and mucous membranes}} Class of Vi…
Published	03/20/2024	HPV infections are classified as high risk versus low risk based on their {{c1::oncogenic potential}}
Published	03/20/2024	The {{c1::ectocervix}} is made of {{c2::squamous}} epithelium, but the {{c1::endocervix}} is made of {{c2::columnar}} epithelium and {{c3::secretes mu…
Published	03/20/2024	The {{c1::transformation zone}} is abrupt change from {{c2::squamous}} to {{c2::columnar epithelium}} and is the location of {{c3::pap smear}} as this…
Published	03/20/2024	What is a colposcopy?
Published	03/20/2024	{{c2::Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia}} is {{c1::abnormal epithelial proliferation and maturation}} above the {{c1::basement membrane}}
Published	03/20/2024	What is the presentation of cervical cancer?
Published	03/20/2024	The most common type of cervical cancer is a {{c1::squamous cell carcinoma}}
Published	03/20/2024	Early Stage I cervical cancer usually treated with {{c1::radical hysterectomy}}
Published	03/20/2024	Late Stage I cervical cancer and beyond is usually treated with {{c1::chemoradiation and intracavitary brachytherapy}}
Published	03/20/2024	{{c2::HPV Vaccine}} contains the {{c1::L1 protein from nine types of HPV}} which self assemble into non-infectious units called virus-like particles (…
Published	03/20/2024	What are the three major layers of the uterus?
Published	03/20/2024	Features of the endometrium
Published	03/20/2024	Features of the myometrium
Published	03/20/2024	Features of the perimetrium
Published	03/20/2024	What is occuring in the proliferative phase in the endometrium?
Published	03/20/2024	What is happening in the secretory phase in the endometrium?
Published	03/20/2024	{{c2::Endometrial hyperplasia}} is overgrowth, a precursor to {{c1::endometrial cancer}}, and classified as w/ or w/o {{c1::atypia}}
Published	03/20/2024	What are the symptoms of endometrial cancer?
Published	03/20/2024	How is endometrial cancer diagnosed?
Published	03/20/2024	What are the risk factors of Type 1 endometrial cancer?
Published	03/20/2024	What are the major risk factors for Type 2 endometrial cancer?
Published	03/20/2024	Stage 1 endometrial cancer can be treated with {{c1::progesterone}}
Published	03/21/2024	The {{c1::gonadal ridge}} is part of the {{c2::intermediate mesoderm}} with a layer of epithelium surrounding it which will ultimately become the {{c3…
Published	03/21/2024	The {{c1::Mullerian ducts}} (paramesonephic) form the {{c2::fallopian tube/uterus/upper vagina.  }}
Published	03/21/2024	The {{c1::urogenital sinus}} forms the {{c2::lower vagina and hymen}}
Published	03/21/2024	The {{c2::Wolffian ducts (mesonephric)}} are not part of the female reproductive anatomy but develop into the {{c1::male reproductive anatomy. &n…
Published	03/21/2024	In patients with {{c2::androgen insensitivity syndrome}}, due to the {{c3::lack of testosterone effect}}, the embryo becomes phenotypically female but…
Published	03/21/2024	The {{c2::round ligament of the uterus and the ovarian ligament}} is the {{c1::superior portion}} of the gubernaculum.
Published	03/21/2024	Uterine fibroids typically {{c1::shrink}} after menopause due to the drop in {{c2::estrogen and progesterone production.}}
Published	03/21/2024	{{c1::Submucosal fibroids}} are associated with abnormal uterine bleeding due to their location {{c2::below the endometrium}} making the endometrium u…
Published	03/21/2024	{{c1::Polycystic ovarian syndrome}} is most likely associated with endometrial hyperplasia due to the chronic anovulation which is {{c2::an estrogen p…
Published	03/21/2024	The {{c1::ovary}} is the site of most endometriosis, but other common sites of endometriosis is behind the uterus in the space between the uterus/cerv…
Published	03/21/2024	{{c1::Mediator complex subunit 12}} is part of a group of proteins that control gene activity by regulating how transcription factors bind to RNA poly…
Published	03/21/2024	Diagnosis of uterine fibroids is done with a {{c1::pelvic exam and ultrasound.}}
Published	03/21/2024	Endometrioma cells also tend to develop mutations in certain genes, including {{c1::PTEN and ARID1A,}} which increase the risk of developing ovarian c…
Published	03/21/2024	The {{c2::intermediate mesoderm}} on both sides of the embryo condenses into two cylindrical structures called the {{c1::urogenital ridges}}
Published	03/21/2024	In a male, genes in the {{c2::SRY region}} code for a protein called {{c1::testis-determining factor}}, which initiates the development of testis.
Published	03/21/2024	the medullary cords develop into three ductal structures inside the testes: {{c1::the seminiferous tubules, straight tubules, and the rete testis.}}
Published	03/21/2024	{{c1::Antimullerian hormone and testosterone}} masculinize the rest of the male reproductive tract.
Published	03/21/2024	{{c2::Sertoli cells}} surround the primordial germ cells, and secrete {{c1::anti-mullerian hormone.}}
Published	03/21/2024	The seminiferous tubules differentiate into {{c1::Leydig cells}}, and they secrete {{c2::testosterone.}}
Published	03/21/2024	In males, {{c2::mullerian inhibiting facto}}r makes the mullerian ducts degenerate into two vestigial bodies called the {{c1::appendix testis}}
Published	03/21/2024	In their upper regions, the two paramesonephric ducts form the {{c1::fallopian tubes.}}
Published	03/21/2024	In their lower regions, the ducts fuse and form the {{c1::uterovaginal primordium,}} which is a tubular structure from which {{c2::the uterus, the cer…
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