Notes in 18 Herpesvirus & Poxvirus

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Published	07/30/2024	most outstanding property of herpesviruses: {{c1::ability to establish lifelong persistent infections}}
Published	07/30/2024	Properties of Herpesvirusesvirion: {{c1::spherical, 150-200 nm in diameter (icosaherdral)}}genome: {{c1::dsDNA, linear, 125-240 kbp, reitera…
Published	07/30/2024	Subfamilies of Herpesvirus: Alpha Herpesviruses (Fast-Growing){{c1::HSV-1: Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1}}{{c1::HSV-2: Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2}}{{c1…
Published	07/30/2024	Subfamilies of Herpesvirus: Beta Herpesviruses (Slow-Growing){{c1::HHV-5: Cytomegalovirus}}{{c1::HHV-6: Human Herpesvirus 6}}{{c1::HHV-7: Human Herpes…
Published	07/30/2024	Subfamilies of Herpesvirus: Gamma Herpesviruses {{c1::HHV-4: Epstein-Barr Virus}}{{c1::HHV-8: Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::alpha-herpesviruses}}: fast-growing, cytolytic viruses that tend to establish latent infections in neurons
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::cytomegalovirus}}: slow-growing and may be cytomegalic and become latent in secretory glands and kidneys
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::HHV-6, HHV-7}}: biologically similar to gamma herpesviruses because they also infect T lymphocytes, but molecularly more closely related to beta…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::gamma herpesviruses}}: infect and become latent in lymphoid cells
Published	07/30/2024	HSV-1 is transmitted via {{c1::contact (saliva)}}
Published	07/30/2024	HSV-2 is transmitted {{c1::sexually or from maternal genital infection}}
Published	07/30/2024	characteristic histopathologic changes in HSV infection: {{c1::ballooning of infected cells}}{{c1::production of Cowdry type A intranuclear inclu…
Published	07/30/2024	Describe the process of primary infection by HSV.{{c1::virus encounters mucosa/broken skin and produces infection -> viral replication -> invasi…
Published	07/30/2024	Oropharyngeal HSV infections result in latent infections in the {{c1::trigeminal ganglia}} whereas genital HSV infections lead to latently infect…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::F::T/F}} Primary HSV infections are usually mild and systemic disease usually develops.
Published	07/30/2024	Provocative stimuli that can reactivate HSV from the latent state: {{c1::axonal injury, fever, physical/emotional stress, UV light exposure}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::T::T/F}} Primary HSV-1 infections are usually asymptomatic.
Published	07/30/2024	Clinical conditions caused by HSV infection: {{c1::oropharyngeal diseasekeratoconjunctivitisgenital herpesskin infectionsmeningitis/encephalitisn…
Published	07/30/2024	most striking and common lesions in oropharyngeal disease caused by HSV: {{c1::gingivitis/gingivostomatitis}}
Published	07/30/2024	recurrent oropharyngeal disease caused by HSV presents as:{{c1::cluster of vesicles commonly localized at the border of the lipintense pain at outset …
Published	07/30/2024	oropharyngeal disease (HSV infection)incubation period: {{c1::3-5 days}}duration of clinical illness: {{c1::2-3 weeks}}symptoms: {{c1::…
Published	07/30/2024	Keratoconjunctivitis (HSV)recurrent lesions of the are common and appear as {{c1::dendritic keratitis, or corneal ulcers, or as vesicles on the e…
Published	07/30/2024	Keratoconjunctivitis (HSV)With recurrent keratitis, there may be {{c1::progressive involvement of the corneal stroma, with permanent opacificatio…
Published	07/30/2024	Genital herpes is more often caused by {{c1::HSV-2}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Genital Herpesduration of illness: {{c1::~3 weeks}}characteristic lesions: {{c1::painful vesicoulcerative lesions of the penis, cervix, vulv…
Published	07/30/2024	Due to {{c1::antigen cross-reactivity}} between HSV-1 and 2, pre-existing immunity provides some protection against heterotypic infection.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::herpetic whitlow}}: cutaneous lesions caused by herpes usually seen on the fingers of dentists and hospital personnel
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::herpes gladiatorum/mat herpes}}: cutaneous lesions caused by herpes usually seen on the bodies of wrestlers
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal herpes is more commonly caused by {{c1::HSV-2}},
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal Herpesmost common source of infection: {{c1::mother}}most common route of infection: {{c1::during birth by contact with herpetic le…
Published	07/30/2024	During primary infections, {{c1::IgM}} antibodies appear transiently, and are followed by {{c2::IgG and IgA}} antibodies.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cell-mediated immunity}} and nonspecific host factors like {{c2::NK and interferon}} is important in controlling both primary and recurrent…
Published	07/30/2024	Lab Diagnosis of HSV Infectionmost sensitive means of detection and is recommended in the diagnosis of herpes meningitis and encephalitis: {{c1::…
Published	07/30/2024	Tx for HSV infection: {{c1::acyclovir, valacyclovir, vidarabine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Varicella (Chickenpox)mild, highly contagious disease, chiefly in {{c1::children::population}}{{c2::generalized pruritic vesicular eruption of the ski…
Published	07/30/2024	Zoster (Shingles)sporadic, incapacitating disease of {{c1::elderly or immunocompromised::population}}{{c1::pain and vesicular rash limited in distribu…
Published	07/30/2024	most common complication of varicella in neonates, adults, and immunocompromised patients: {{c1::varicella pneumonia}}most common complication of…
Published	07/30/2024	Lab Diagnosis of VZV{{c1::PCR assays}}: preferred method for diagnosing VZV encephalitis{{c1::viral DNA detection}}: vesicle fluid, skin scrapings, CS…
Published	07/30/2024	VZV Tx{{c1::F::T/F}} Varicella in normal children requires treatment.
Published	07/30/2024	VZV Tx{{c1::y-globulin of high VZV antibody titer}}: used to prevent the development of the illness in Px exposed to varicella who are at high risk fo…
Published	07/30/2024	VZV Tx{{c1::acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir, foscarnet}}: antiviral compounds used for effective therapy
Published	07/30/2024	Prevention for VZV {{c1::live attenuated varicella vaccine, herpes zoster (shingles vaccine)}}
Published	07/30/2024	CMV establishes latency in {{c1::T cells, macrophages, etc.}}
Published	07/30/2024	most common cause of congenital infection: {{c1::CMV}}
Published	07/30/2024	CMV infections manifest as {{c1::enlargement of CMV-infected cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies::appearance of CMV-infected cells}}.
Published	07/30/2024	CMV Infection in Normal Hoststransmission: {{c1::close contact with virus-bearing material}}incubation: {{c1::4-8 weeks}}symptoms: {{c1…
Published	07/30/2024	CMV Infection in Immunosuppressed Hostsindividuals at greatest risk for CMV: receiving hematopoietic stem cell organ transplants, with malignant tumor…
Published	07/30/2024	CMV can be acquired by the infant from exposure to the virus in the {{c1::mother’s genital tract during delivery and mother’s breastmilk}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Majority of survivors of congenital/perinatal CMV will develop {{c1::CNS defects within 2 years, severe hearing loss, ocular abnormalities, menta…
Published	07/30/2024	CMV is shed in the {{c1::saliva/urine}} of the infected individual for weeks or months.
Published	07/30/2024	Laboratory Diagnosis of CMV InfectionPCR and Antigen Detection Assays - designed to detect {{c1::replicating virus}} but NOT {{c1::late…
Published	07/30/2024	Laboratory Diagnosis of CMV InfectionIsolation of Virus- virus can be recovered most readily from {{c1::tissues, body fluids, throat washings, ur…
Published	07/30/2024	Tx for CMV Infection{{c1::ganciclovir}}: used to successfully treat life-threatening CMV infections in immunocompromised patients
Published	07/30/2024	Tx for CMV Infection{{c1::foscarnet}}: recommended treatment for CMV retinitis
Published	07/30/2024	major target cell of EBV: {{c1::B lymphocyte}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::T::T/F}} EBV directly enters a latent state in the lymphocyte without undergoing a period of complete viral replication.
Published	07/30/2024	Latent phase antigens in CMV include {{c1::EBNAs and LMPs}} and are synthesized by {{c2::latently infected cells}}. Their expression reveals…
Published	07/30/2024	Early antigens in EBV indicate {{c1::onset of productive viral replication}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Late antigens in EBV are produced in cells that are {{c1::undergoing productive viral infection}}.
Published	07/30/2024	EBV Infectiontransmission: {{c1::infected saliva}}clinical manifestations of primary infection: {{c1::usually subclinical in children but of…
Published	07/30/2024	cancers associated with EBV: {{c1::Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, gastric carcinoma}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::NOT A CARD but just review this bc i feel like it might be important lawl::NOT A CARD but just review this bc i feel like it might be important …
Published	07/30/2024	Tx for EBV Infection{{c1::acyclovir}}: reduces EBV shedding from the oropharynx during the period of drug administration, but does not affect the numb…
Published	07/30/2024	Tx for EBV Infection{{c1::F::T/F}} An EBV vaccine is available.
Published	07/30/2024	Primary infection with HHV-6 causes {{c1::exanthem subitum/roseola infantum/sixth disease/tigdas hangin}}. MOT: {{c1::oral secretions}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::F::T/F}} HHV-6 is B-lymphotropic while HHV-7 is T-lymphotropic.
Published	07/30/2024	Persistent infection with HHV-7 is established in the {{c1::salivary glands}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Similar to HHV-6, primary infection with {{c1::HHV-7}} has been linked with roseola infantum in infants and young children.
Published	07/30/2024	cancer associated with HHV-8/KSHV: {{c1::Kaposi sarcoma}}
Published	07/30/2024	Tx for HHV-8 {{c1::foscarnet, famciclovir, ganciclovir, cidofovir::4}} have activity against KSHV infection
Published	07/30/2024	Poxvirusesvirion: {{c1::large & complex, oval/brick-shaped}}genome: {{c1::dsDNA, linear}}replication: {{c1::cytoplasmic factories}}…
Published	07/30/2024	agent used for smallpox vaccination: {{c1::vaccinia virus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Variola causes {{c1::smallpox}} and its portal of entry is {{c1::mucous membranes of the URT}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::T::T/F}} In the pre-eruptive phase, variola is barely infectious.
Published	07/30/2024	Histopathologic examination of the skin in variola infection shows {{c1::proliferation of the prickle-cell layer and presence of cytoplasmic incl…
Published	07/30/2024	Smallpox VS Chickenpoxpattern of distribution: {{c1::centrifugal in smallpox, centripetal in chickenpox}}lesions concentrated in: {{c1::extr…
Published	07/30/2024	Differentiate the lesions of smallpox and chickenpox in terms of stage of development.{{c1::smallpox - lesions in the same stage of development; chick…
Published	07/30/2024	Specimen of choice for viral detection and isolation of vaccinia/variola: {{c1::skin lesions}}
Published	07/30/2024	Tx for Variola{{c1::primarily supportive; methisazone can be used for prophylaxis but is not effective as treatment}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::cidofovir}}: used against Molluscum contagiosum and Orf virus infection
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::just be familiar:just be familiar}}
Published	07/30/2024	Molluscum Contagiosumbenign epidermal tumor that occurs {{c1::ONLY IN HUMANS}}appearance of lesions: {{c1::small, pink, wart-like tumors on …
Published	07/30/2024	Tanapox Monkey Tumor PoxvirusMOT: {{c1::unknown}}characteristic of lesions: {{c2::usually only one or two lesions, pustulation never occurs}…
Published	07/30/2024	Yaba monkey tumor poxviruses causes {{c1::benign histiocytomas}} 5-20 after subcutaneous or intramuscular administration TO MONKEYS.
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