Notes in 06 Streptococci & Enterococci

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Published	07/30/2024	What is the lancefield classification?{{c1::Streptococcus classification where serologic specificity of the group-specific carbohydrate on the cell wa…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Beta}}-hemolytic bacteria lyse RBCs completely
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Alpha}}-hemolytic bacteria lyse RBCs incompletely
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Gamma}}-hemolytic bacteria cannot lyse RBCs
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::M Protein::Streptococcus pyogenes Antigenic Factors}} - S. pyogenes that lack this factor are considered non-virulent
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Streptokinase::Streptococcus pyogenes Enzyme/Toxin}} - Transforms the plasminogen of plasma into into plasmin → digests fibrin
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Erythrogenic Toxin::Streptococcus pyogenes Enzyme/Toxin}} - Associated with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (Exotoxin A) and scarlet fev…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Streptolysin S::Streptococcus pyogenes Enzyme/Toxin}} - Responsible for hemolytic zones around streptococcal colonies on blood agar plates …
Published	07/30/2024	What is the most antigenic hemolysin of Streptococcus pyogenes?{{c1::Streptolysin O}}
Published	07/30/2024	Streptococcus pyogenes infection Clinical Findings: AreaSuppurative ComplicationNon-suppurative ComplicationThroatStrep Thro…
Published	07/30/2024	Streptococcus pyogenes Pharyngitis reaches the lungs after {{c1::Nope. It does NOT usually involve the lungs::timeframe}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Erysipelas::Streptococcus pyogenes Clinical Finding}} - Raised infection with sharp demarcation
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cellulitis::Streptococcus pyogenes Clinical Finding}} - Unraised infection with indistinct demarcation
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Necrotizing Fasciitis::Streptococcus pyogenes Clinical Finding}} - Violaceous skin discoloration, hemorrhagic bullae, skin sloughing, exqui…
Published	07/30/2024	Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome is associated with M Protein Types {{c1::1 and 3}}
Published	07/30/2024	In Streptococcus-caused scarlet fever, the appearance of scarlatinal rashes first appear in the {{c1::chest}} after {{c2::24}} hours of illness then s…
Published	07/30/2024	Strawberry tongue is a clinical finding in px with {{c1::scarlet fever::Streptococcal Disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	Do scarlatinal rashes blanch under pressure?{{c1::Y::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	Non-suppurative complications after Streptococcal diseases develop after {{c1::1-4}} weeks
Published	07/30/2024	Prognosis of px with PSGN is {{c1::alright. Majority recover. Only few develop chronic disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	Jones Criteria for Initial Diagnosis of Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF)Evidence of antecedent GAS infection + {{c1::2 major OR 1 major and 2 minor manifes…
Published	07/30/2024	Major Manifestations for Jones Criteria for Initial Diagnosis of Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF){{c1::Joints (Polyarthritis)<3 (Carditis)Nodules (Subcu…
Published	07/30/2024	Minor Manifestations for Jones Criteria for Initial Diagnosis of Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF){{c1::Clinical Findings: ArthalgiaFeverLab Findings: ↑ ESR…
Published	07/30/2024	Supporting Evidence of Antecedent GAS infection for Jones Criteria for Initial Diagnosis of Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF){{c1::(+) Throat Culture(+) Rap…
Published	07/30/2024	What should you see in a Streptococcus smear?{{c1::Gram-positive single cocci or pairs than definite chains. But may also appear gram negative be…
Published	07/30/2024	If smears of pus show streptococci but cultures fail to grow, suspect {{c1::ana::ana/a}}erobic organisms
Published	07/30/2024	Examination of gram stains of {{c1::upper respiratory specimens or skin swabs}} when suspecting Streptococcus infection is of little value becaus…
Published	07/30/2024	To speed up hemolysis of Streptococcal cultures, what do you do?{{c1::Incubation in 10% CO2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci are {{c1::pyogenes and agalactiae}}
Published	07/30/2024	Alpha-Hemolytic Streptococci are {{c1::pneumoniae and Viridans streptococci}}
Published	07/30/2024	Streptococcus pyogenes DOC: {{c1::Penicillin G}}
Published	07/30/2024	Antibiotics for PSGN and ARF: {{c1::None. no effect on established PSGN or ARF}}
Published	07/30/2024	Streptococcus pyogenes DOC for px with allergies to penicillin: {{c1::Erythromycin (Macrolides)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Streptococcus pyogenes DOC for px with necrotizing fasciitis: {{c1::Erythromycin (Macrolides)}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::CAMP}} test is used to test for Streptococcus {{c2::agalactiae}}Negative Test: {{c2::No arrowhead formation}}Positive Te…
Published	07/30/2024	Why is there arrowhead formation in the CAMP test?{{c1::Certain organisms (incl. Group B Streptococci) produce CAMP factor, a diffusible extracellular…
Published	07/30/2024	Streptococcus {{c1::pyogenes}} is the representative Lancefield A or Group A Streptococci (GAS)
Published	07/30/2024	Streptococcus {{c1::agalactiae}} is the representative Lancefield B or Group B Streptococci (GBS)
Published	07/30/2024	Streptococcus agalactiae Infection DOC: {{c1::Ampicillin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Streptococcus agalactiae Clinical Findings:{{c1::May pose problems during labor; could cause fulminant sepsis, meningitis, or respiratory di…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Viridans streptococci}} are the most prevalent members of the normal flora of the URT
Published	07/30/2024	Viridans streptococci Clinical Findings{{c1::Dental caries → bleeding of the gums introduces bacteria to the circulation → transient bacteremia →…
Published	07/30/2024	Streptococcus pneumoniae is the representative Lancefield {{c1::WALA HAHAHA}} or Group {{c1::Non-typeable}} Streptococci (G{{c1::l…
Published	07/30/2024	What should you see in a Streptococcus pneumoniae smear?G{{c1::+}} {{c1::Lancet-shaped diplococci::shape}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::Optochin or Taxo "P"}} test is used to test for Streptococcus {{c2::pneumoniae}}Positive Test: {{c2::Sensitivity::S…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::Quellung reaction}} test is used to test for Streptococcus {{c2::pneumoniae}} and is characterized by the swelling …
Published	07/30/2024	Streptococcus pneumoniae Important Associated Diseases:Pneumonia, {{c1::Meningitis, Endocarditis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Streptococcus {{c1::pneumoniae}} is can be prevented with vaccines
Published	07/30/2024	Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection DOC: {{c1::Penicillin G}}
Published	07/30/2024	The bigest risk factor for Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is {{c1::microaspiration}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Enterococcus}} is the representative Lancefield D
Published	07/30/2024	Enterococci are {{c1::Gamma/Alpha}} hemolytic
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::Esculetin}} test is used to test for {{c2::Enterococcus}}Negative Test: {{c2::Dark brown::color}}Positive Test: {{c2::Bl…
Published	07/30/2024	What do you have to add in media growing Enterococcus species?{{c1::6.5% NaCl}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Enterococcus}} can be seen growing in media with bile
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Prevalence1. Enterococcus faecalis2. Enterococcus faecium{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Enterococcus Clinical Findings:{{c1::Intraabdominal Abscess, UTI, Endocarditis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Enterococcus faecalis Infection DOC: {{c1::Ampicillin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Enterococcus faecium Infection DOC: {{c1::Vancomycin}}
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