Notes in 14EndoDiseases

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	General Feedback Mechanism of Thyroid Release{{c1::TRH::Hypothalamus}} → {{c1::Thyroid Stimulating Hormone::Pituitary Gland}} → {{c1::Triiod…
Published	07/30/2024	[MECHANISMS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM]Primary Thyroid Malfunction will result in the following: TRH: {{c1::high::high/low}} TSH: {{c1::high::high/low}} TH: {…
Published	07/30/2024	[MECHANISMS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM]Pituitary Malfunction will result in the following: TRH: {{c1::high::high/low}} TSH: {{c1::low::high/low}} TH: {{c1::lo…
Published	07/30/2024	[MECHANISMS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM]Hypothalamic Malfunction will result in the following: TRH: {{c1::low::high/low}} TSH: {{c1::low::high/low}} TH: {{c1::…
Published	07/30/2024	[PATHOGENESIS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM]Hypothyroidism results in vaso{{c1::constriction::dilation/constriction}}
Published	07/30/2024	[PATHOGENESIS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM]Hypothyroidism results in {{c1::low::high/low}} basal metabolic rate
Published	07/30/2024	[MANAGEMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM] {{c1::Levothyroxine}} most common drug of choice for managing hypothyroidism
Published	07/30/2024	[MANAGEMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM] {{c1::Thyroglobulin}} drug of choice for autoimmune causes in hypothyroidism
Published	07/30/2024	[MANAGEMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM]To avoid hypothyroidism, one should stop all pharmacologic {{c1::goitrogens}} such as (sulfonamides, salicylates, l…
Published	07/30/2024	[MANAGEMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM] If the mean iodine intake is less than {{c1::40μg}}/day, the thyroid gland hypertrophies
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Thyroid Storm}} - Sudden, life-threatening exacerbation of all symptoms of hyperthyroidism
Published	07/30/2024	[{{c1::GRAVE'S DISEASE}}]Excessive output of thyroid hormones due to abnormal stimulation by circulating immunoglobulins and is common among {{c2…
Published	07/30/2024	[HYPERTHYROIDISM]Can a patient w hypothyroidism can go into hyperthyroid state?{{c1::Yes. And vice versa::Yes/No}}
Published	07/30/2024	[HYPOTHYROIDISM]Long standing hypothyroidism can lead to {{c1::Myxedema coma}}, while Grave's disease can lead to pretibial myxedema
Published	07/30/2024	[HYPERTHYROIDISM] B and T lymphocytes attack {{c1::TSH receptors }}
Published	07/30/2024	[HYPERTHYROIDISM] Increase in intracellular iodine and thyroglobulin synthesis leads to {{c1::Iodination of thyroglobulin}}
Published	07/30/2024	[HYPERTHYROIDISM] Upregulation of cAMP and PKC pathway leads to an increase in Thyroid hormone synthesis, secretion & cell proliferation whic…
Published	07/30/2024	[HYPERTHYROIDISM] ↑ Iodination of thyroglobulin and thyroid gland hyperplasia→ {{c1::Grave’s Disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	[CLINICAL FINDINGS IN HYPERTHYROIDISM] Secondary to immune complex deposition in the eye: {{c1::- Exophthalmos - Diplopia&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	[CLINICAL FINDINGS IN HYPERTHYROIDISM] Secondary to immune complex deposition in the dermis: {{c1::pretibial myxedema}}
Published	07/30/2024	[CLINICAL FINDINGS IN HYPERTHYROIDISM]{{c1::Von Graefe’s sign (Lid Lag)}}failure of the upper eye lid to follow a downward movement of the eyeball&nbs…
Published	07/30/2024	[CLINICAL FINDINGS IN HYPERTHYROIDISM]{{c1::Jeffrey’s sign}}forehead remains smooth when one looks up
Published	07/30/2024	[CLINICAL FINDINGS IN HYPERTHYROIDISM]{{c1::Dalrymple’s sign (Thyroid Stare)}}Bright-eyed stare, Infrequent blinking
Published	07/30/2024	[MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM]Blocks Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones{{c1::Propylthiouracil (PTU)}}{{c2::Methimazole (Tapazole)}}
Published	07/30/2024	[MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM]Suppresses release of Thyroid Hormones{{c1::Sodium Iodide}}{{c1::Potassium Iodide}}{{c1::SSKI}}{{c1::Dexamethasone&nbsp…
Published	07/30/2024	[MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM]Beta-Adrenergic blocking agents{{c1::Propanolol}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Thyroid Function Assessment]{{c1::Euthyroid}}Serum TSH: NormalSerum Free T4: NormalSerum T3: Normal
Published	07/30/2024	[Thyroid Function Assessment]{{c1::Primary Hypothyroidism}}Serum TSH: HighSerum Free T4: LowSerum T3: Low or Normal
Published	07/30/2024	[Thyroid Function Assessment]{{c1::Subclinical Hypothyroidism}}Serum TSH: HighSerum Free T4: NormalSerum T3: Normal
Published	07/30/2024	[Thyroid Function Assessment]{{c1::Hyperthyroidism}}Serum TSH: LowSerum Free T4: High or NormalSerum T3: High
Published	07/30/2024	[Thyroid Function Assessment]{{c1::Subclinical Hyperthyroidism}}Serum TSH: LowSerum Free T4: NormalSerum T3: Normal
Published	07/30/2024	[Thyroid Function Assessment]{{c1::TSH-mediated Hyperthyroidism}}Serum TSH: Normal or HighSerum Free T4: HighSerum T3: High
Published	07/30/2024	[Thyroid Function Assessment]{{c1::Central Hypothyroidism}}Serum TSH: Normal or LowSerum Free T4: Low or Low-NormalSerum T3: Low or Normal
Published	07/30/2024	[Thyroid Function Assessment] For females, you need to request specifically for {{c1::free (unbound) T4}}, while for males you can request for {{c2…
Published	07/30/2024	[HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS]T and B cells react to the {{c1::thyroid antigens}} leading to a decreased production and secretion of the T3 and T4 hormone.…
Published	07/30/2024	[HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS]Increased antithyroid antibodies can manifest as the presence of {{c1::anti-thyroid globulin and anti- thyroid peroxidase ant…
Published	07/30/2024	[HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS] {{c1::Yes::Yes/No}} Management of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis is similar to management of hypothyroiditis
Published	07/30/2024	Most common type of goiter is due to {{c1::Iodine}}-deficiency
Published	07/30/2024	If nodules are {{c1::absent::present/absent}}, it is most probably a diffuse nontoxic type of goiter
Published	07/30/2024	[Manifestations of Goiter] If the patient feels like choking when they flex their neck, they are positive in {{c1::Pemberton's sign}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Diffuse Non-Toxic Goiter] Monitor {{c1::iodine levels}} to rule out that the patient is NOT in thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroid state) or…
Published	07/30/2024	[THYROID CANCER]More prevalent in {{c1::females::female/male}}
Published	07/30/2024	[TYPES OF THYROID CANCER]{{c1::Papillary Adenocarcinoma}}Most common, most curable
Published	07/30/2024	[TYPES OF THYROID CANCER]{{c1::Medullary Carcinoma}} Associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome, Surgical treatment required …
Published	07/30/2024	[TYPES OF THYROID CANCER]{{c1::Anaplastic Carcinoma}}Aggressive tumor, non-responsive to Chemo-radio
Published	07/30/2024	[TYPES OF THYROID CANCER]{{c1::Thyroid Lymphoma}}Responsive to radiation therapy
Published	07/30/2024	[TYPES OF THYROID CANCER]{{c1::Medullary}}IncidenceAgeSpreadPrognosis{{c2::5-10%}}{{c3::Usually Elderly; familiar cases}}{{c4::Local, Lymphatic, or He…
Published	07/30/2024	[TYPES OF THYROID CANCER]{{c1::Anaplastic}}IncidenceAgeSpreadPrognosis{{c2::10-15%}}{{c3::Elderly}}Aggressive to local extensionVery poor
Published	07/30/2024	[TYPES OF THYROID CANCER]{{c1::Follicular}}IncidenceAgeSpreadPrognosis{{c2::20-25%}}{{c3::Young middle adults}}{{c4::Hematogenous especially to bone}}…
Published	07/30/2024	[TYPES OF THYROID CANCER]{{c1::Papillary}}IncidenceAgeSpreadPrognosis{{c2::60-70%}}{{c3::Young adults (20-45yo)}}{{c4::Lymphatic to local nodes}}Excel…
Published	07/30/2024	Primary aldosteronism - {{c1::Low::Low/High}} Renin/Angiotensin II {{c2::Independent::independent/dependent}}Secondary aldosteronism - {{c1::High::Low…
Published	07/30/2024	Initiating EventsPrimary aldosteronism - {{c3::high aldosterone production}}Secondary aldosteronism - {{c3::low intravascular volume}}
Published	07/30/2024	Manifestations of Primary Hyperaldosteronism{{c1::Hypo::Hypo-/hyper-}}kalemia{{c1::Hyper::Hypo-/hyper-}}natremia
Published	07/30/2024	Pancreas{{c1::Alpha}} cells secrete {{c2::glucagon::hormone}}{{c1::Beta}} cells secrete {{c2::insulin::hormone}}
Published	07/30/2024	A px with fasting blood sugar of {{c1::100-125}} mg/dL is at high risk of developing diabetes mellitus.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::False (100-125)::T/F}} A px with fasting blood sugar of 90-99 mg/dL is at high risk of developing diabetes mellitus.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::True::T/F}} Obesity, family history, physical inactivity, history of PCOS, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia are some of the risk factors for d…
Published	07/30/2024	3Ps of diabetes mellitus manifestations: P{{c1::olyuria}}, P{{c2::olydipsia}}, P{{c3::olyphagia}}
Published	07/30/2024	3Ps of diabetes mellitus manifestations: P{{c1::olyuria}}, P{{c1::olydipsia}}, P{{c1::olyphagia}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c3::Kussmaul's}} respiration is a breathing pattern characterized by {{c1::deep}} and {{c1::rapid}} breaths to compensate for severe metabolic {{c2:…
Published	07/30/2024	03f67e97cbe749e6a5a95f511fad03ad-oa-1
Published	07/30/2024	03f67e97cbe749e6a5a95f511fad03ad-oa-2
Published	07/30/2024	03f67e97cbe749e6a5a95f511fad03ad-oa-3
Published	07/30/2024	The following cut-off values qualify for diagnosing diabetes mellitus:- symptoms + random blood glucose level {{c1::≥200}} mg/dL- fasting plasma gluco…
Published	07/30/2024	83a260393b744b4bbdf907760bde408a-oa-1
Published	07/30/2024	83a260393b744b4bbdf907760bde408a-oa-2
Published	07/30/2024	83a260393b744b4bbdf907760bde408a-oa-3
Published	07/30/2024	83a260393b744b4bbdf907760bde408a-oa-4
Published	07/30/2024	83a260393b744b4bbdf907760bde408a-oa-5
Published	07/30/2024	Acromegaly occurs in {{c1::adults}} while gigantism occcurs in {{c1::children}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Causes of GH excess  1. {{c1::adenoma}} 2. {{c1::microduplication in chromosome Xq26.3}} {{c2::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Increase in GH leads to:{{c1::inc::inc/dec}} prolactin{{c1::dec::inc/dec}} FSH{{c1::dec::inc/dec}} LH
Published	07/30/2024	In patients with excess GH, these are the imaging findings:Plain film: {{c1::decreased joint spaces}}CT/MRI: {{c2::macroadenoma (>1 cm)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Excess GH manifestationsGH excess may lead to {{c1::inc::dec/inc}}reased intracranial pressure leading to {{c1::bitemporal hemianopsia::visual impairm…
Published	07/30/2024	Excess GH manifestationsExcessive insulin secretion leads to {{c1::acanthosis nigricans::insulin related condition}}
Published	07/30/2024	Excess GH manifestationsMedian nerve edema leads to {{c1::carpal tunnel syndrome}}
Published	07/30/2024	Excess GH manifestationsExcess GH leads to {{c1::overproduction::underproduction/overproduction}} of IGF-1
Published	07/30/2024	Management for excess GH {{c1::Octreotide}} is a somatostatin GH analogue that suppresses GH production
Published	07/30/2024	Management for excess GH {{c1::Bromoctripine}} is a dopamine agonist that inhibits GH synthesis
Published	07/30/2024	Management for excess GH Surgical options include {{c1::cranial or transsphenoidal hypophysectomy}}
Published	07/30/2024	Effects of HypopituitarismDecrease in {{c1::GH::hormone}} leads to dwarfism, premature aging, lethargy
Published	07/30/2024	Effects of HypopituitarismDecrease in {{c1::LH::hormone}} leads to {{c2::amenorrhea}} in females, and {{c2::impotence}} in males
Published	07/30/2024	What clues indicate that the cause of hypopituitarism is of a familial hypothalamic etiology?{{c1::presence of cleft lip/palate & single upper cen…
Published	07/30/2024	What tumor causes hypopituitarism (either through the hypothalamus or pituitary gland)?{{c1::craniopharyngiomas}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) vs. Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic Coma (HONK)in DKA, insulin deficiency is usually {{c2::absolute::absolute/relative}}in HONK, …
Published	07/30/2024	Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) vs. Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic Coma (HONK)in DKA, it develops over {{c1::hours to 1-2 days::time}}in HONK, it develops over …
Published	07/30/2024	Genetic cause of hypopituitarism involves mutations in {{c1::pituitary transcription factors}} or {{c1::GH-N gene}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) vs. Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic Coma (HONK)in DKA, there is {{c1::an acetone/fruity}} odorin HONK, there is {{c1::no acetone/…
Published	07/30/2024	Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) vs. Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic Coma (HONK)in DKA, there is pH of {{c1::< 7.35}}in HONK, there is pH of {{c1::7.35-7.45 (n…
Published	07/30/2024	Causes of hypopituitarism under non-tumorous destruction:-{{c1::Apoplexy of an adenoma}}-{{c1::Sheehan's syndrome}}
Published	07/30/2024	A patient with hypopituitarianism, waxy skin, and a slow relaxation phase of the ankle reflex may indicate {{c1::thyroid}} deficiency
Published	07/30/2024	Match signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemiapolyphagia - hyperglycemiablurred vision - {{c1::hyperglycemia}}shakiness - {{c1::hypoglycem…
Published	07/30/2024	Match signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemiapolyphagia - hyperglycemiablurred vision - {{c1::hyperglycemia}}shakiness - {{c1::hypoglycem…
Published	07/30/2024	33c8d8db316e4ad8832370900fac1211-ao-1
Published	07/30/2024	33c8d8db316e4ad8832370900fac1211-ao-2
Published	07/30/2024	33c8d8db316e4ad8832370900fac1211-ao-3
Published	07/30/2024	33c8d8db316e4ad8832370900fac1211-ao-4
Published	07/30/2024	Chronic and {{c1::micro::micro/macro}}vascular complications of diabetes mellitus - {{c2::retino::-}}pathy, {{c2::neuro::-}}pathy, {{c2::nephro::…
Published	07/30/2024	Somogy effect is due {{c1::overdose}} to of insulin while dawn phenomenon is due to {{c1::release}} of counter-regulatory hormones in the predawn hour…
Published	07/30/2024	Treating somogy effect involves {{c1::decreasing::increasing/decreasing}} insulin dose while treating dawn phenomenon involves {{c1::increasing::incre…
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. GH excess 2. Insulin {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. GH excess 2. Ejection fraction {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. GH 2. Insulin {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Effects of HypopituitarismDecrease in {{c1::ACTH::hormone}} leads to {{c2::Addison's disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diabetes insipidus is characterized by a deficiency in {{c1::ADH/vasopressin::hormone}} and {{c1::polydipsia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the classification of DI: {{c1::Central DI}}Destruction of neurohypophyseal neurons → dec pituitary AVP release
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the classification of DI: {{c1::Nephrogenic DI}}Dec response to AVP / mutations in {{c2::AVPR2 or AQP2}} → dec in water reabsorption → i…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the classification of DI: {{c1::Gestational DI}}Excessive activity of placental {{c2::vasopressinase}} → inc AVP degradation
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the classification of DI: {{c1::Primary polydipsia}}Excessive fluid intake → dec pituitary AVP release
Published	07/30/2024	Pathogenesis of DI{{c1::Hypoperfusion}} leads to renal insufficiency in DI
Published	07/30/2024	Pathogenesis of DIHighlight of patients with DI: {{c1::excessive urine output}} and {{c2::inc serum osmolality}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Fluid deprivation test::DI Diagnostic Test}} - The patient is asked to withold urine until {{c1::3-5%::%}} of his body weight is lost. Afterward…
Published	07/30/2024	Vasopressin replacements:-{{c1::desmosin::administered intranasally}}-{{c2::vasopressin tannate in oil::administered intramuscularly}}
Published	07/30/2024	Other medications for DI include:-{{c1::chlorpropamide}}-{{c1::thiazide diuretics::increases action of ADH}}
Published	07/30/2024	Medications for nephrogenic DI include:-{{c1::thiazides}}-{{c1::mild salt depletion}}-{{c1::prostaglandin inhibitors}}
Published	07/30/2024	[T/F]: SIADH is a primary diagnosis for patients with urine problems{{c1::F}}
Published	07/30/2024	What type of malignancy could lead to SIADH?{{c1::Small cell lung cancer}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs that may cause SIADH include:-{{c1::carbamazepine}}-{{c1::SSRIs}}-{{c1::Morphine}}-{{c1::Amitriptyline}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hypo::Hypo/Hyper}}thyroidism can cause SIADH
Published	07/30/2024	Highlight of patients with SIADH:-{{c1::low::low/high}} serum osmolality, {{c1::high::low/high}} serum volume-{{c1::high::low/high}} urine osmolality,…
Published	07/30/2024	Dilutional hyponatremia is brought about by {{c1::decreased aldosterone}}
Published	07/30/2024	Required Diagnostic Criteria of SIADH-{{c1::Hypothyroidism}} and {{c1::glucocorticoid deficiency}} must be ruled out-Plasma osmolality: {{c2::<270 …
Published	07/30/2024	Supplemental Diagnostic Criteria of SIADH-abnormal {{c1::water load test::test}}-plasma vasopressin levels must be inappropriately {{c1::high::low/hig…
Published	07/30/2024	Medical management for SIADH includes:-vasopressin receptor antagonists-diuretics-{{c1::demeclocycline::drug}}-{{c1::hyper}}tonic solutions ({{c1::3% …
Published	07/30/2024	hyperparathyroidism is characterized by {{c1::bone decalcification and calcium stones::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Complication of hyperpathyroidism: hypercalcemic crisis or a serum Ca of {{c1::>12 mg/dL}}
Published	07/30/2024	Common diagnostic test of hyperparathyroidism aside from persistent elevations of serum calcium and parathormone concentration:{{c1::Double antibody p…
Published	07/30/2024	TypeCa2+PTHVit DPhosphate Primary{{c1::high}}{{c1::high}}{{c1::high}}{{c1::low}}Secondary{{c2::low}}{{c2::high}}{{c2:…
Published	07/30/2024	Hypoparathyroidism causes:{{c1::Iatrogenic - secondary to surgery (thyroidectomy/ parathyroidectomy)}}{{c1::Atrophy - aging, secondary to infection, r…
Published	07/30/2024	Hypoparathyroidism characteristics Serum levelsUrinary excretion {{c1::hyper::hyper/hypo}}phosphatemia{{c1::hypo}}calc…
Published	07/30/2024	[HYPOPARATHYROIDISM] Identify the manifestation:{{c1::Chvostek's sign}}: cheek is tapped and a twitching response is observed{{c1::Trousseau's sign}}:…
Published	07/30/2024	Calcium levels of {{c1::1.2-1.5}} mmol can lead to tetany.
Published	07/30/2024	[HYPOPARATHYROIDISM] {{c1::IV calcium gluconate}} is given for acute attacks while {{c1::oral Ca supplements}} are for maintenance.
Published	07/30/2024	What should you avoid giving a patient with hypoparathyroidism?{{c1::dairy (milk, yogurt, cheese)}}, {{c1::phosphate}}-containing antacid, {{c1::noisy…
Published	07/30/2024	Pheochromocytoma is a {{c1::benign::benign/malignant}} tumor that arises from the {{c1::chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla}} (90%) and extra adre…
Published	07/30/2024	In pheochromocytoma, there is an overproduction of {{c2::NE and E}} which may cause the patient to have {{c1::pallor::skin condition}}
Published	07/30/2024	Disorders leading to pheochromocytoma: DisorderSpecifics Familial{{c1::Multiple Endocrine Neoplasm 2 (MEN2) Syndrome: …
Published	07/30/2024	[PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA] 5 H'S{{c1::Hypertension}}{{c1::Headache}}{{c1::Hyperhidrosis}}{{c1::Hypermetabolism}}{{c1::Hyperglycemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	[PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA] Most direct and conclusive test for adrenal overactivity: {{c1::Urine and plasma catecholamine level and metanephrine}}
Published	07/30/2024	[PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA] Management MedicalSurgical {{c1::Alpha-adrenergic blocking agent}}{{c1::Vasodilators (Nipride IV)}}…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cushing's}} Disease - Characterized by oversecretion of glucocorticoids like cortisol, and androgens
Published	07/30/2024	Moon face, buffalo hump, and truncal obesity are manifestations of {{c1::Cushing's disease:: what disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	[CUSHING'S DISEASE] Causes{{c1::Steroid}} useHyperplasiaTumorEctopic source
Published	07/30/2024	[CUSHING'S SYNDROME] Very good sensitive screening test: {{c1::Dexamethasone suppression test}}
Published	07/30/2024	[CUSHING'S DISEASE] Management TumorManagement Pituitary{{c1::Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy}}Adrenal cortex{{c1::Adre…
Published	07/30/2024	[CUSHING'S DISEASE] ManagementInitiate {{c1::radiation therapy}} first if patient is unstable for any surgical procedure.
Published	07/30/2024	Physiologic dose of steroids: {{c1::5-7.5}} mg
Published	07/30/2024	[CENTRAL ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY] Most common cause: {{c1::abrupt removal of exogenous steroids}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::BP}} monitoring is crucial in patients who are taking steroids
Published	07/30/2024	[CENTRAL ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY] Decreased ACTH production manifests as:{{c1::decreased axillary and pubic hair}}{{c1::decreased libido in women}}
Published	07/30/2024	[CENTRAL ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY] Decreased cortisol production can manifest as:{{c1::hypoglycemia}}{{c1::hyponatremia}}{{c1::non-specific GI manifestat…
Published	07/30/2024	[CENTRAL ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY] Management: {{c1::fluid}} and {{c1::steroid}} therapy
Published	07/30/2024	Hypopituitarianism w/ secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism may manifest {{c1::fine and wrinkled::adjectives}} skin
Published	07/30/2024	Risk of seizures may occur in {{c1::SIADH::DI/SIADH}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cretinism}} or congenital hypothyroidism can lead to mental and physical growth challenges in the infant and young child
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Prim::Prim/Second}}ary hyperparathyroidism – unregulated overproduction of PTH → abnormal calcium homeostasis
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Second::Prim/Second}}ary hyperparathyroidism – overproduction of PTH, secondary to hypocalcemia
Published	07/30/2024	Pharmacological management for hyperparathyroidism:Calcitonin{{c1::Phosphates (Phosphate binders)}} - Inhibit bone resorption and interfere with …
Published	07/30/2024	CNS manifestations of hypoparathyroidism:SeizuresCalcifications{{c1::Parkinsonism/Dystonia}}
Published	07/30/2024	CVD manifestations of hypoparathyroidism:Arrythmia{{c1::Hypocalcemia-induced dilated cardiomyopathy}}
Published	07/30/2024	Respiratory manifestations of hypoparathyroidism:{{c1::Laryngospasm leading to respiratory failure}}
Published	07/30/2024	PNS manifestations of hypoparathyroidism:Muscle crampsTetany{{c1::Paresthesia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ophthalmologic manifestations of hypoparathyroidism:{{c1::Cataracts and Papilloedema}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pathogenesis of DI{{c1::Insipid urine}} is characterized by its low osmolality and specific gravity
Published	07/30/2024	[HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS]Thyroid become hypertrophied and presents as {{c1::goiter}}
Status	Last Update	Fields