Notes in 01IntroToPE

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Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Inspection}} is the first step of the physical examination
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Palpation}} is considered the first step of assessment in physical examination since you are already doing a maneuver.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Light palpation}} is a palpatory technique, performed when feeling for abnormalities that are on the surface, usually pressi…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Deep palpation}} is a palpatory technique, performed when determining possible masses and makes use of {{c2::two::N}} hands.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Auscultation}} is a medical term for using a stethoscope to listen to the sounds inside of an individual's body.
Published	07/30/2024	A/an {{c1::acoustic stethoscope}} is the most common and generally used stethoscope. It works by transferring sound waves from the bell to the ear tip…
Published	07/30/2024	A/an {{c1::electronic stethoscope}} makes use of electricity to amplify sound waves.
Published	07/30/2024	A/an {{c1::doppler stethoscope}} is used to monitor organs or fetuses in pregnant patients. It measures waves that emit from organs.
Published	07/30/2024	A/an {{c1::fetal or neonatal stethoscope}} is used for fetuses, neonates, or for nursery care. It is smaller than a pediatric stethoscope and works si…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::diaphragm}} is the part of the stethoscope used to listen to low pitched sounds.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::bell}} is the part of the stethoscope used to listen to high pitched sounds (wheezing, crackles). It is concave and has a hole.
Published	07/30/2024	In a physical examination, {{c1::percussion}} is a method of tapping body parts with fingers (middle or index finger), hands, or small instruments to …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hollow}} organs give a {{c2::resonant}} percussion
Published	07/30/2024	Blood Pressure Heart Rate Respirations Temperature Pain Rating Oxygen Saturation
Published	07/30/2024	In vital sign measurement, a {{c1::pulse oximeter}} is used to measure the patient's oxygen saturation.
Published	07/30/2024	Normal oxygen saturation is {{c1::95-100%}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In vital sign measurement, the normal body temperature range for adults is {{c1::97.8-99 F or 36.5-37.2C}} (average is {{c2::98.6F or 37C}} orally…
Published	07/30/2024	The normal adult heart rate is {{c1::60-100 bpm}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In vital sign measurement, the most common pulse site to measure the heart rate and rhythm and even approximating systolic blood pressure is the {{c1:…
Published	07/30/2024	TRUE or FALSE: When measuring the heart rate, the doctor uses the thumb, the index finger, and the middle finger.{{c1::FALSE}}
Published	07/30/2024	In vital sign measurement, the {{c1::respiration rate}} must be assessed surreptitiously.
Published	07/30/2024	The normal respiratory rate for adults is {{c1::12-20 breaths/minute or just 14/min}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In vital sign measurement, the {{c1::depth}} of the patient's respiration may either be labored or unlabored.
Published	07/30/2024	The pressure at which the last Korotkoff sound is heard represents the {{c1::diastolic::systolic/diastolic}} blood pressure.
Published	07/30/2024	In vital sign measurement, the diaphragm of the stethoscope is placed over the {{c1::brachial artery}}.
Published	07/30/2024	When taking the patient's blood pressure, the blood pressure cuff must be placed {{c1::2}} inches above the the bend of the arm.
Published	07/30/2024	In vital sign measurement, the {{c1::auscultory gap}} is the abnormal silence that can occur and will throw off once you actually hear the first sound…
Published	07/30/2024	When taking the blood pressure, the rate of deflating the blood pressure cuff must be at {{c1::2}} mmHg per second
Published	07/30/2024	Percussion is performed by placing the {{c1::middle}} finger of your {{c2::non-d::non-d/d}}ominant hand over the area to be percussed and applying …
Published	07/30/2024	The heart sound S1 occurs before {{c1::systole::systole/diastole}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The heart sound S2 occurs before {{c1::diastole::systole/diastole}}.
Published	07/30/2024	When doing hand inspection in respiratory examination, bruising and thinning of the skin may be generally observed due to long-term {{c1::steroid…
Published	07/30/2024	The assessment of respiratory rate can be done while assessing the {{c1::HR}}, and one should note the assymmetries in {{c2::expiratory and inspirator…
Published	07/30/2024	The IJV may be visible between just above the clavicle between the {{c1::sternal and clavicular::2 Heads}} heads of the {{c1::sternocleidomastoid}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The IJV has a {{c2::double waveform}} pulsation, which differentiates it from the pulsation of the external carotid artery.
Published	07/30/2024	Upon face inspection in respiratory examination, a plethoric complexion would refer to a {{c1::congested red-faced appearance}} associated with {{c2::…
Published	07/30/2024	Three features of Horner's syndrome to look out for upon eye observation in respiratory examination are {{c1::ptosis, miosis, and enopthalmos}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In respiratory examination, {{c1::oral candidiasis}} is a fungal infection seen upon mouth inspection commonly associated with {{c2::steroid inhaler u…
Published	07/30/2024	A median sternotomy scar is located in the midline of the thorax and indicates {{c1::cardiac valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG…
Published	07/30/2024	An infraclavicular scar would indicate a {{c1::pacemaker insertion}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In respiratory examination, asymmetry is a chest wall deformity associated with {{c1::pneumonectomy}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In respiratory examination, {{c1::tracheal deviation}} is suggested when there is a difference in amount of space between the sides between the thorax…
Published	07/30/2024	The respiratory examination test seen below is an assessment of {{c1::tracheal position}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The respiratory examination test seen below is an assessment for {{c1::circosternal distance.}}
Published	07/30/2024	Respiratory causes that lead to displacement of the apex beat include {{c1::right ventricular hypertrophy, large pleural effusion, and tension pneumot…
Published	07/30/2024	The respiratory examination test below asseses {{c1::chest expansion}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In chest expansion assessment for respiratory examination, reduced yet symmetrical movement of thumbs indicates {{c1::pulmonary fibrosis::condition}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In chest expansion assessment for respiratory examination, reduced and asymmetrical movement of thumbs indicates {{c1::pneumothorax, pneumonia, and pl…
Published	07/30/2024	The respiratory examination test below involves {{c1::the percussion of the chest}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In chest percussion for respiratory examination, a {{c1::resonant}} percussion note is the normal finding.
Published	07/30/2024	In chest percussion for respiratory examination (and other organs), a percussion note of {{c1::dullness}} suggests {{c2::in::in/de}}creased tissu…
Published	07/30/2024	In chest percussion for respiratory examination, a {{c1::stony dullness}} percussion note is typically caused by an underlying {{c2::pleural effusion/…
Published	07/30/2024	In chest percussion for respiratory examination, a {{c1::hyper-resonant}} note suggests {{c2::de::in/de}}creased tissue density, such as in {{c3:…
Published	07/30/2024	Decreased vibration in assessing tactile vocal fremitus for respiratory examination suggests {{c1::fluid infiltration}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The figure below illustrates the part of respiratory examination called {{c1::auscultation of the chest.}}
Published	07/30/2024	The respiratory examination test below shows palpation of the {{c1::pre-auricular and post-auricular}} lymph nodes.
Published	07/30/2024	The respiratory examination test below shows palpation of the {{c1::tonsillar and parotid}} lymph nodes.
Published	07/30/2024	The respiratory examination test below shows palpation of the {{c1::superficial cervical and supraclavicular}} lymph nodes.
Published	07/30/2024	The respiratory examination test below shows palpation of the {{c1::submental and submandibular}} lymph nodes.
Published	07/30/2024	The respiratory examination test below shows palpation of the {{c1::posterior cervical and occipital}} lymph nodes.
Published	07/30/2024	In posterior chest examination for respiratory exam, the patient is inspected for evidence of {{c1::erythema nodosum}}, which can be associated with {…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cyanosis}} describes a bluish discoloration of the skin due to poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pallor}} describes a pale color of the skin that can suggest underlying anemia or poor perfusion
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Malar flush}} is a plum-red discoloration of the cheeks associated with mitral stenosis
Published	07/30/2024	Tar staining on the hands is caused by {{c1::smoking}}
Published	07/30/2024	The presence of {{c1::xanthomata}} on the hand indicates raised yellow cholesterol-rich deposits
Published	07/30/2024	When assessing hand temperature, place the {{c1::dorsal}} aspect of your hand onto the patient's
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::radio-radial delay}} is a loss of synchronicity between the radial pulse on each arm. It could indicate {{c2::subclavian artery stenosis, aorti…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Collpasing pulse}} is a forceful pulse that rapidly increases and subsequently collapses; sometimes referred to as a ‘{{c2::water hammer pulse…
Published	07/30/2024	Getting the standing blood pressure is enough for a comprehensive blood pressure assessment{{c1::F. standing and lying::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	the carotid pulse can be located between the {{c1::larynx}} and {{c1::anterior border of the SCM}}
Published	07/30/2024	When palpating the carotid pulse, ensure the patient is positioned safely on the bed as there is a risk of inducing {{c1::reflex bradycardia}}&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	measurement of {{c1::jugular venous pressure}} provides an indirect measure of central venous pressure
Published	07/30/2024	Changes in right atrial pressure are reflected in the IJV{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	When measuring JVP, the vertical distance between the {{c2::sternal angle}} and the {{c2::top of the pulsation point of IJV}} must be no greater than …
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::hepatojugular reflux}} test involves the application of pressure to the liver whilst observing for a sustained rise in JVP
Published	07/30/2024	In healthy persons, the rise in JVP when conducting hepatojugular reflux test must last no longer than {{c1::1-2}} cardiac cycles
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Corneal arcus}} is a hazy white, grey or blue opaque ring located in the peripheral cornea, typically occurring in patients over the age of {{…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Kayser-Fleischer rings}} are dark rings that encircle the iris associated with {{c2::Wilson’s disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::pectus excavatum}} is a caved-in appearance of the chest while {{c1::pectus carniatium}} is a protusion of the sternum and ribs
Published	07/30/2024	Displacement of the apex heart beat from its usual location can occur due to {{c1::ventricular hypertrophy}}
Published	07/30/2024	The apex beat is typically located at the {{c1::5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line}}
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::parasternal heave}} is a precordial pulse that can be palpated and typically associated with {{c1::right ventricular hypertrophy}}
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::thrill}} is a palpable vibration caused by turbulent blood flow through a heart valve
Published	07/30/2024	to palpate for thrills, place your hand {{c1::horizontally}} across the chest wall, with the flats of your fingers and palm over the valve to be…
Published	07/30/2024	During accentuation maneuvers, sit the patient forwards and auscultate over the aortic area with the diaphragm of the stethoscope during expiration …
Published	07/30/2024	During accentuation maneuvers, auscultate the carotid arteries using the diaphragm of the stethoscope whilst the patient holds their breath to listen…
Published	07/30/2024	During accentuation maneuvers, roll the patient onto their left side and listen over the mitral area with the diaphragm of the stethoscope during ex…
Published	07/30/2024	while the patient is on their left side during accentuation maneuvers, listen over the mitral area using the bell of the stethoscope during expiration…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Normal/Vesicular}} breath sounds have a longer {{c3::ins::ins/ex}}piratory phase
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Bronchial breathing}} is abnormal breathing wherein the inspiratory breathing is {{c2::equal::shorter/longer}} with respect to the expirato…
Published	07/30/2024	Wheezing indicates narrowing of the airways (obstruction) during the {{c1::ex::ins/ex}}piratory phase and is due to either {{c2::bronch…
Published	07/30/2024	High-pitched wheezing is caused by bronchospasms which may be polyphonic or monophonic. {{c1::Polyphonic}} is the usual and common type as in the…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pleural friction rub}} is the breathing sound caused by inflammation of either the visceral and/or the parietal pleura.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Koilonychia}} is a condition characterized by spoon-shaped nails associated with {{c2::iron deficiency anemia}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Leukonychia}} is a condition characterized by whitening of the nail bed which is associated with {{c2::hypoalbuminemia}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Palmar Erythema}} is a condition characterized by redness involving the heel of the palm which is associated with {{c2::chronic liver disea…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dupuytren's Contracture}} is a condition characterized by thickening of the palmar fascia.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Finger clubbing}} is the uniform soft tissue swelling of the terminal phalanx of a digit with loss of the normal angle between the nail and the …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Asterixis (flapping tumor)}} is characterized by irregular lapses of posture causing a flapping motion of the hands which may be due to {{c2::CO…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Acanthosis Nigricans}} is the darkening (hyperpigmentation) and thickening (hyperkeratosis) of the axillary skin which can be benign or associat…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Xanthelasma}} is a condition characterized by yellow, raised cholesterol deposits around the eyelids which is associated with {{c2::hyperch…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Spider Naevi}} are skin lesions that have a central red papule with fine red lines extending radially, caused by {{c2::increased levels of …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Gynecomastia}} is the enlargement of male breast tissue caused by {{c2::increased levels of circulating estrogen}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Virchow's lymph node}} is located in the {{c2::left supraclavicular fossa}} that, when palpated, is associated with {{c3::gastric mali…
Published	07/30/2024	When auscultating the abdomen, the doctor records the {{c1::number of clicks per minute}} to determine if it is hyperactive, active, or hypoactive.
Published	07/30/2024	When auscultating the abdomen, if there are no bowel sounds (hypoactivity), the doctor needs to perform more tests to rule out {{c1::ileus}}
Published	07/30/2024	when auscultating the lungs, wheezing is common in patients with {{c1::asthma/narrow air passages}}
Published	07/30/2024	when auscultating the lungs, crackles is common in patients with {{c1::phlegm}}
Published	07/30/2024	when auscultating the lungs, fine crackles is common in patients with {{c1::pneumonia}}
Published	07/30/2024	When percussing, you start in the area {{c1::without::without/with}} pain
Published	07/30/2024	The pressure at which the first Korotkoff sound is heard represents the {{c1::systolic::systolic/diastolic}} blood pressure.
Published	07/30/2024	Acute stridor, think {{c1::foreign body inhalation}}Chronic stridor think {{c1::subglottic stenosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Arachnodactyly}} is a condition where fingers and toes are abnormally long and slender; a feature of {{c3::Marfan’s syndrome::disease}}, which …
Published	07/30/2024	When assessing temperature of hands, cool and sweaty/clammy hands are typically associated with {{c2::acute coronary syndrome::disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	A Capillary Refill Time (CRT) that is greater than {{c1::2}} seconds suggests poor peripheral perfusion
Published	07/30/2024	When auscultating the carotid artery, the presence of a bruit suggests underlying {{c1::carotid stenosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	In conducting hepatojugular reflux test, a positive result means that the rise in JVP is sustained and equal to or greater than {{c1::4}} cm
Published	07/30/2024	Conjunctival pallor suggests underlying {{c2::anemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	High arched palate is a feature of {{c2::Marfan syndrome::disease}} which is associated with {{c1::mitral/aortic valve prolapse}} and {{c1::aortic di…
Published	07/30/2024	when palpating for heaves, place the heel of your hand parallel to the {{c1::left sternal edge}} with fingers vertical
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Palpation}} is a method of feeling with the fingers or hands during a physical examination.
Published	07/30/2024	In vital sign measurement, the {{c1::rhythm::parameter}} of the heart rate or respiration can either be regular or irregular.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Stridor}} is a high-pitched extra-thoracic breath sound resulting from turbulent airflow through narrowed upper airways.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::tripod position}} refers to sitting or standing leaning forward and supporting the upper body with hands on knees and other surfaces when th…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ballottement}} is a palpatory technique, that is used when the finger is pushed sharply against the uterus to detect the presence or positi…
Published	07/30/2024	Increased vibration in assessing tactile vocal fremitus for respiratory examination suggests {{c1::increased tissue density}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The apex beat is palpated with your fingers placed {{c1::horizontally}} across the chest.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::"Lub"}} or {{c1::S1}} is the heart sound produced due to the closing of the {{c2::atrioventricular}} valves
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::"Dub"}} or {{c1::S2}} is the heart sound produced due to the closing of the {{c2::semilunar}} valves
Published	07/30/2024	In chest inspection for respiratory examination, radiotherapy-associated skin changes may be present in patients who have been treated for {{c1::lung …
Published	07/30/2024	The circosternal distance, or distance between the suprasternal notch and cricoid cartilage, in healthy individuals, is usually {{c1::3 to 4 fingers.}…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Low}}-pitched wheezing or {{c1::Rhonchi}} is caused by secretions in smaller airways causing narrowing
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::High/sibilant}}-pitched wheezing or usual wheeze is caused by bronchospasm
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Glossitis}} is a condition characterized by smooth erythematous enlargement of the tongue associated with {{c2::iron,}} {{c2::B12}}, and&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	In respiratory examination, a patient with excessively warm and sweaty hands upon palpation would indicate {{c2::CO2 retention}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In vital sign measurement, the patient's heart rate is measured via a {{c1::pulse scale}} which denotes the strength of the pulse.
Published	07/30/2024	In hand inspection for respiratory examination, fine tremors may be associated with {{c2::beta-2 agonist::drug}} use.
Published	07/30/2024	In newborns, If crepitus over the clavicle is felt, suspect a {{c1::clavicular fracture}} secondary to a normal spontaneous vaginal delivery.
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