Notes in Chapter_07:_Medicines_and_Pharmocology

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Published	07/07/2024	Drugs administered sublingually and rectally have higher bioavailability because they bypass the {{c1::liver}}
Published	07/07/2024	Drug absorption through the skin is based on lipid solubility through the {{c1::epidermis}}
Published	07/07/2024	Drugs absorbed through the CSF are {{c1::lipid}}-soluble
Published	07/07/2024	Sulfonamides in newborns can displace bilirubin from albumin leading to {{c1::kernicterus}}
Published	07/07/2024	Tetracyclines and heavy metals in the body tend to get stored in {{c1::bone}}
Published	07/07/2024	A constant amount of drug being eliminated regardless of the dose present is {{c1::zero}} order kinetics
Published	07/07/2024	Drug being eliminated proportional to the dose is {{c1::first}} order kinetics
Published	07/07/2024	A drug reaches a steady state after {{c1::5}} half-lives
Published	07/07/2024	The amount of drug in the body divided by the amount of drug in blood is known as the {{c1::volume of distribution (Vd)}}
Published	07/07/2024	The fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation after administration is known as {{c1::bioavailability}}
Published	07/07/2024	The drug level at which a desired effect occurs in 50% of patients is known as {{c1::ED50}}
Published	07/07/2024	The drug level at which death occurs in 50% of patients is known as {{c1::LD50}}
Published	07/07/2024	The requirement of higher doses of a drug to produce a given response is known as {{c1::tolerance}}
Published	07/07/2024	A rapid decrease in response after administration of a drug is known as {{c1::tachyphylaxis}}
Published	07/07/2024	The maximum effect that a drug can produce is known as {{c1::efficacy}}
Published	07/07/2024	The amount of drug needed to produce a given effect is known as {{c1::potency}}
Published	07/07/2024	Demethylation, oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis reactions are all a part of phase {{c1::I}} drug metabolism
Published	07/07/2024	Attaching glucuronic acid or sulfates forming water-soluble metabolites is phase {{c1::II}} drug metabolism
Published	07/07/2024	The most important organ for eliminating most drugs is the {{c1::kidney}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Water}} soluble dugs are more likely to eliminated in an unaltered form
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Fat}} soluble dugs are more likely to metabolized prior to elimination
Published	07/07/2024	Gout is caused by the buildup of {{c1::uric acid}} crystals
Published	07/07/2024	Gout affecting the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint is known as {{c1::podagra}}
Published	07/07/2024	A gout drug that blocks inflammation by binding tubulin and inhibiting cell migration is {{c1::colchicine}}
Published	07/07/2024	The NSAIDs of choice for gout are {{c1::naproxen}} and {{c1::indomethacin}}
Published	07/07/2024	A gout drug that works by inhibiting {{c1::xanthine oxidase}} is allopurinol
Published	07/07/2024	A gout drug that works by increasing renal secretion of uric acid is {{c1::probenecid}}
Published	07/07/2024	A bile acid binding resin that works by decreasing the amount of bile acid resorption in the gut is {{c1::cholestyramine}}
Published	07/07/2024	A prokinetic drug used for nausea that inhibits dopamine receptors is {{c1::metoclopramide}}
Published	07/07/2024	Reglan is a brand name for {{c1::metoclopramide}}
Published	07/07/2024	A macrolide antibiotic that can act as a prokinetic via activating the motilin receptor is {{c1::erythromycin}}
Published	07/07/2024	A prokinetic drug that acts as an antagonist to the mu-opioid receptor is {{c1::alvimopan}}
Published	07/07/2024	Entereg is a brand name for {{c1::alvimopan}}
Published	07/07/2024	Loperamide slows gut motility by acting as a mu-opioid receptor {{c1::agonist}}
Published	07/07/2024	Lomotil is a brand name for {{c1::diphenoxylate/atropine}}
Published	07/07/2024	A first generation anti-histamine drug that can be used as an anti-emetic is {{c1::promethazine}}
Published	07/07/2024	Phenergan is a brand name for {{c1::promethazine}}
Published	07/07/2024	An antiemetic drug that works by inhibiting serotonin receptors is {{c1::ondansetron}}
Published	07/07/2024	Digoxin can cause blood flow to the intestines to {{c1::decrease}}(increase or decrease)
Published	07/07/2024	Is digoxin cleared with dialysis?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	An anti-arrhythmic drug that can cause pulmonary fibrosis or hyper/hypothyroidism is {{c1::amiodarone}}
Published	07/07/2024	The treatment for torsades de pointes is {{c1::magnesium}}
Published	07/07/2024	The drug class that acts as the best single agent to improve survival in patients with CHF is {{c1::ACE inhibitors}}
Published	07/07/2024	The drug class that acts as the best single agent to improve survival in patients after myocardial infarction is {{c1::beta-b…
Published	07/07/2024	Atropine administration causes the heart rate to {{c1::increase}}(increase or decrease)
Published	07/07/2024	A drug that acts as a GnRH analogue is {{c1::leuprolide}}
Published	07/07/2024	Flomax is a brand name for {{c1::tamsulosin}}
Published	07/07/2024	NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which leads to {{c1::decreased}} gastric mucus and HCO3- secretion(increased or decreased)
Published	07/07/2024	NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which leads to {{c1::increased}} acid production(increased or decreased)
Published	07/07/2024	NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which leads to {{c1::decreased}} renal perfusion(increased or decreased)
Published	07/07/2024	An NSAID that acts as a selective COX-2 inhibitor is {{c1::celecoxib}}
Published	07/07/2024	A PGE1 derivative drug that is used to prevent peptic ulcer disease is {{c1::misoprostol}}
Published	07/07/2024	Haldol is a brand name for {{c1::haloperidol}}
Published	07/07/2024	Lasix is a brand name for {{c1::furosemide}}
Published	07/07/2024	A side effect of loop diuretics is metabolic {{c1::alkalosis}}(acidosis or alkalosis)
Published	07/07/2024	A side effect of potassium sparing diuretics is metabolic {{c1::acidosis}}(acidosis or alkalosis)
Published	07/07/2024	Remicade is a brand name for {{c1::infliximab}}
Published	07/07/2024	The early stages of aspirin poisoning are characterized by {{c1::respiratory alkalosis}}(acid/base imbalance)
Published	07/07/2024	The late stages of aspirin poisoning are characterized by {{c1::metabolic acidosis}}(acid/base imbalance)
Published	07/07/2024	Use of gadolinium should be avoided in patients with {{c1::renal insufficiency}}
Published	07/07/2024	Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a severe side effect of {{c1::gadolinium}} exposure in patients with renal insufficiency
Published	07/07/2024	The most common side effect of iodine contrast is {{c1::nausea}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common side effect of iodine contrast that requires medical treatment is {{c1::dyspnea}}
Published	07/07/2024	The medical treatment of acetaminophen overdose is {{c1::N-acetylcysteine}}
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