Notes in a. Hematopoiesis and Erythropoiesis

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Published	07/28/2024	Hematopoiesis in the first 3 months of fetal development primarily occurs in {{c1::the yolk sac}} as part of the {{c1::primitive}} hematopoiesis …
Published	07/28/2024	Hematopoiesis in the middle of fetal development primarily occurs in the {{c1::liver}}
Published	07/28/2024	Hematopoiesis during regular development occurs in the {{c1::bone marrow}}
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Primitive}} hematopoiesis starts before the establishment of vasculature and blood flow
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Definitive}} hematopoiesis arises after 1-2 months of gestation. Definitive hematopoiesis arises in the mesoderm from the hemogenic {{c1::endoth…
Published	07/28/2024	Mesodermal hematopoietic stem cells originate in the {{c1::AGM (aorta, gona, mesonephros)}}
Published	07/28/2024	Hematopoietic stem cells migrate from the {{c2::AGM (aorta-gonad-mesonephros)}} to the fetal {{c1::liver}} and subsequently to {{c2::bone ma…
Published	07/28/2024	What are the 2 major properties of hematopoietic stem cells? What do they generate before they are fully differentiated?
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Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::erthyropoietin (EPO)}} stimulates terminal erythropoiesis and is made in the adult {{c2::kidney}}. Peritubular cells in kidney sense decrea…
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Published	07/28/2024	The nucleus leaves the orthochromatic erythroblast during the formation of the {{c1::reticulocyte}} which can then form {{c1::red blood}} cells
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Thrombopoietin (TPO)}} is the cytokine that signals for platelet production
Published	07/28/2024	Megakaryocytes undergo {{c1::endomitosis}}: division of chromosomes without nuclear division thus they have a single large polyploid nucleus and …
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Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Granulocyte-monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)}} is the stimulation factor that is responsible for development of GMPs
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::G-CSF}} is the cytokine responsible for the proliferation of granulocytes. {{c1::GM-CSF}} stimulates both granulocyte and monocyte proliferation…
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::M-CSF}} is the cytokine responsible for monocyte proliferation
Published	07/28/2024	T cells mature in the {{c1::thymus}}, where a common lymphoid {{c1::progenitor}} generates a double negative T lymphocyte which generate the gamm…
Published	07/28/2024	B cells mature in the {{c1::bone marrow}}
Published	07/28/2024	B cells and NK cells mature in the {{c1::bone marrow}}, where HSCs generate a common lymphoid {{c1::progenitor}} which generate a pro-B lymphocyt…
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Published	07/28/2024	{{c2::Extra-medullary hematopoiesis}} occurs in certain diseases where the body is under {{c1::hematopoietic}} stress (like myeloproliferative ne…
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::quiescent}} hematopoietic stem cells can be activated by both {{c1::extrinsic}} and {{c1::intrinsic}} factors to produce {{c1::active}} hematopo…
Published	07/28/2024	What are the differences between granulopoiesis and Monopoiesis?
Published	07/28/2024	A {{c2::reticulocyte}} is an {{c1::early}} RBC that is slightly {{c1::bigger}} in size than a mature RBC, has a {{c2::blue tinge from retained RNA}}, …
Published	07/28/2024	What are the key components of RBC?
Published	07/28/2024	RBC membrane is made up of {{c1::3 layers}} including the {{c1::glycocalyx}} (exterior) which is made up of {{c1::carbohydrates}}, the lipid {{c1::bil…
Published	07/28/2024	CADET, face right stands for?
Published	07/28/2024	{{c2::Congenital erythropoietic porphyria}} causes {{c1::cutaneous bullae and vesicles}} on sun exposed areas, which burst and become secondarily infe…
Published	07/28/2024	The {{c1::acquired}} causes of methemoglobinemia include {{c1::nitrate contaminated water}} (gut bacteria convert nitrate to nitrite which oxidizes Hb…
Published	07/28/2024	Describe the various pathways of RBC degradation both extravascularly and intravascularly (inside the blood cells and only happens under diseased stat…
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