Notes in MU SOM::Block 3::Anatomy::Neuroendocrinology

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Published	02/08/2025	The hypothalamus can be viewed as the _________ between the limbic, endocrine and _______________ nervous systems
Published	02/08/2025	The hypothalamus extends from the optic chiasm to _______________________________
New Card	02/08/2025	Hypothalamus is bilateral and flanks the _________ ventricle
New Card	02/08/2025	The hypothalamus mamillary bodies are associated with the _____________ system and invovled with memory
New Card	02/08/2025	The infundibulum connects the _________________ to the ______________ gland
New Card	02/08/2025	Which of the pituitary lobes grows down from the diencephalon? (is continuous with the the hypothalamus)
New Card	02/08/2025	Which pituitary lobe grows up from the roof of the mouth?
New Card	02/08/2025	Which part of the pituitary includes the infundibulum?
New Card	02/08/2025	Posterior pituitary neurons secrete directly from _______________ to blood stream
New Card	02/08/2025	Anterior pituitary neurons secrete through the _______________________
New Card	02/08/2025	The paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei are associated with the _______________ pituitary lobe
New Card	02/08/2025	The arcuate nucleus is associated with the ______________ pituitary lobe
New Card	02/08/2025	Vasopressin and oxytocin are ___________________ pituitary hormones
New Card	02/08/2025	ACTH, TSH, PRL, GH, FSH, LH are all ____________________ pituitary horones
New Card	02/08/2025	What do trophic hormones do
New Card	02/08/2025	The hypothalamus connects to the anterior pituitary via the __________________
New Card	02/08/2025	The set of capillary beds in the hypothalamus/pituitary gland are known as the
New Card	02/08/2025	The inhibitory hormones released from the hypothalamus are known as
New Card	02/08/2025	Hormones realeased from the hypothalamus to control release of other hormones are known as
New Card	02/08/2025	Corticotropin releasing hormone causes the release of
New Card	02/08/2025	ACTH binds to the adrenal ________ for release of __________
New Card	02/08/2025	Cortisol activates the ____________________ of the body
New Card	02/08/2025	Thyroid releasing hormon binds to thyrotophs and lactotrophs forrelease of ________ and ____________ from the anterior pituitary gland
New Card	02/08/2025	TSH binds to the _____________ for release of
New Card	02/08/2025	Lactotroph binding by TRH leads to the release of _________ through the portal venous system
New Card	02/08/2025	GHRH binds to _________________ in the anterior pituitary for release of growth hormone
New Card	02/08/2025	GNRH binding in the anterior pituitary causes for release of _______ and ________
New Card	02/08/2025	FSH and LH bind to the _____________ or _________ and cause for release of _______, __________, and ___________
New Card	02/08/2025	Short loop feedback meaning?
New Card	02/08/2025	Long loop feedback meaning?
New Card	02/08/2025	Cortisol is released in ________ reactions
New Card	02/08/2025	What are some situations in which the hypothalmic pituitary adrenal axis may be needed (cortisol)
New Card	02/08/2025	What are the CNS functions of the stress response?
New Card	02/08/2025	The stress response is activated when ____________ is threatened
New Card	02/08/2025	What are peripheral functions of the stress response
New Card	02/08/2025	Cortisol release follows a _________ cycle in which highest levels are at around 8AM and lowest levels are between 12am-4am
New Card	02/08/2025	One time in which cortisol is released is when blood ___________ is low
New Card	02/08/2025	Addisons disease is releated to deficiency in
New Card	02/08/2025	Some symptoms of addisons disease are
New Card	02/08/2025	Cushin syndrome is caused by ___________ excess
New Card	02/08/2025	Some symptoms of cushings syndrome are
New Card	02/08/2025	______________  down-regulates TRH receptors in anterior pitutiary inhibiting TSH secretion
New Card	02/08/2025	Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism are common cuases of
New Card	02/08/2025	Decreased Thyroid hormone in hypothyroidism  leads to decreased ____________ feedback on hypothalamus/pitutiary
New Card	02/08/2025	Decreased negative feeback on the hypothalamus/pituitary in hypothyroidism results in increased _______ and _____ which leads to overstimulation of th…
New Card	02/08/2025	Hashimotos thyroiditis is
New Card	02/08/2025	Hyperthyroidism is caused by increased stimulation of thyroid gland which leads to increased production of
New Card	02/08/2025	Grave's disease is when there is _______ overstimulation of TSH receptor leading to increased production of TH
New Card	02/08/2025	Graves disease causes TH production ____________ of TSH from pituitary
New Card	02/08/2025	Somatostatin inhibits release of
New Card	02/08/2025	In the liver Growth hormone stimulates production of
New Card	02/08/2025	GHRH inhitibits its own secretion from the
New Card	02/08/2025	Somatomedins inhibit GH secretion by the
New Card	02/08/2025	Both GH and somatomedins stimulate secretion of _________________ by the hypothalamus inhibitin release
New Card	02/08/2025	GH direct actions are
New Card	02/08/2025	IGF has ___________ half life than GH
New Card	02/08/2025	IGF Effects
New Card	02/08/2025	rowth hormone is secreted through out _______________
New Card	02/08/2025	Near puberty GH release is stimulated by ___________ in females and ___________ in males
New Card	02/08/2025	Acromegaly is associated with ___________ excess
New Card	02/08/2025	Before puberty  FSH lvels are _________ than LH levels
New Card	02/08/2025	During puberty there is ____________ secretion of GnRH
New Card	02/11/2025	TRH ___________ prolactin secretion while dopamine _______________ prolactin secretion
New Card	02/11/2025	Suckling at the breast by an infant stimulates secretion of
New Card	02/11/2025	Prlactin is only elevated during __________ and ___________
New Card	02/11/2025	Does prolactin also inhibit its own secretion?
New Card	02/11/2025	Elevated Estrogen and progesterone levels ____________________ Prolactin receptors
New Card	02/11/2025	Prolactin deficiency causes
New Card	02/11/2025	Prolactin excess is associated with
New Card	02/11/2025	Precocious puberty is a sign of excess
New Card	02/11/2025	ADH deficiency is also known as
New Card	02/11/2025	Nephrogenic diaetes insipidus is due to the kidneys resistance to
New Card	02/11/2025	Symptoms of polydpsia, polyuria, inability to regulate ody temperature, with high serum sodium and osmolarity is associated with central diabetes insi…
New Card	02/11/2025	The hypothalmic pituitary adrenal axis is associated with the ______________ nucleus
New Card	02/11/2025	Mood swings, depression, diminished sx drive, low blood pressure and fatigue are associated with which hormones and liberin
New Card	02/11/2025	Fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation, dry skin and menstrual irregulaties with low thyroid hormone but normal TSH suggest a central ____________ li…
New Card	02/11/2025	Headaches, joint pain, increased shoe size, facial feature changes along with elevated IGF-1 levels and pituitary adenoma is associated with what cond…
New Card	02/11/2025	Fatigue, weight loss despite increased appetite, palipitations, sweating, proptosis, fine tremor with elevated T3 and T4 with suppressed TSH is associ…
New Card	02/11/2025	The ______________ artery is the major blood supply to the brainstem
New Card	02/11/2025	Viscera of the neck are supplied by the
New Card	02/11/2025	The ____________ artery supplies the spinal cord and lateral neck muscles
New Card	02/11/2025	What supplies the trapezius with blood
New Card	02/11/2025	On its way to the cavernous sinus the internal carotid artery passes through the carotid canal which is in the ______________ Bone
New Card	02/11/2025	What supplies the thyroid sternocleidomastoid, infrayoid muscles, cricothyroid, and upper portion of larynx
New Card	02/11/2025	What supplies the soft palate, ear, meninges
New Card	02/11/2025	The occipital artery supplies the
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