Notes in 10ChemotherapeuticDrugs

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems::antibiotic classes}} all contain a beta-lactam ring
Published	07/30/2024	QC Beta-lactam antibiotics' killing effect on 1. Matured bacterial cells 2. Growing bacterial cellsA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ceftazidime::Beta-lactam}} + {{c1::Avibactam::Beta-lactamase inhibitor}} = {{c5::Avycaz}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs)}} - Bacterial cytoplasmic membrane proteins that act as the initial receptors for penicillins and other …
Published	07/30/2024	QC Synergistic effect 1. Amoxicillin + Ampicillin 2. Gentamicin + AmpicillinA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B. READ EXTRA}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Half-life 1. Erythromycin 2. AzithromycinA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Complications 1. Erythromycin 2. AzithromycinA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Beta-lactam antibiotics MOA: {{c1::Cell wall synthesis inhibition}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cephalosporins result from alteration of the structure of {{c1::Penicillin::antibiotic}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::True::True or False}}Newly discovered cephalosporins are no longer classified into generations.
Published	07/30/2024	VR 1. Cephalosporin generation 2. Gram-{{c2::negative}} coverage and spectrum of activityA. Increase in 1, increase in 2B. Increase in 1, decrease in …
Published	07/30/2024	Penicillins are derivatives of {{c1::6-aminopenicillanic acid}}
Published	07/30/2024	Semisynthetic penicillins are prescribed by {{c1::weight::weight/units}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Nafcillin}} is generally the most erratically absorbed and most protein-bound penicillin
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Amoxicillin}} is the least food impaired penicillin during absorption
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::True::True or False}}Penicillins are excreted into breast milk.
Published	07/30/2024	Penicillin has poor penetration into the {{c1::eye, prostate,}} and CNSbonus: when can it penetrate the BBB
Published	07/30/2024	All penicillins have {{c1::kidney and biliary}} excretion. Nafcillin is the only one that prefers {{c1::biliary}} excretion
Published	07/30/2024	Extended spectrum penicillins subcategories and representative drugs: {{c1::Aminopenicillins (Ampicillin & Amoxicillin)Carboxypenicillins (Carbeni…
Published	07/30/2024	The most common mechanism of resistance against penicillins is/are {{c1::β-lactamasesREAD EXTRA}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Levels of penicillin in the blood 1. With probenecid 2. Without probenecidA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Susceptibility to beta-lactamase 1. Oxacillin 2. BenzylpenicillinA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Penicillin G}} is usually administered to treat {{c1::syphilis::disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Spectrum of activity 1. Benzylpenicillin 2. CarbenicillinA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Representative antistaphylococcal penicillin/s is/are {{c1::Cloxacillin, Oxacillin, Nafcillin, Methicillin (prototype), Dicloxacillin}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Effect of Ampicillin when administered 1. With aminoglycosides 2. Without aminoglycosidesA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2 Answer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Extended spectrum for Gram (-) 1. Ticarcillin 2. CarbencillinA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2 Answer: {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Synergistic effect when used with Aminoglycosides 1. Piperacillin 2. Amoxicillin A. 1>2 B. 1<2 C. 1=2  Answer: {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR 1. Penicillinase inhibitor 2. Piperacillin activity A. Increase in 1, increase in 2 B. Increase in 1, decrease in 2 C. Increase in 1 has no effect …
Published	07/30/2024	QC Susceptibility to Penicillinase 1. Ureidopenicillin 2. AmpicillinA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2 Answer: {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::False::True or False}}Piperacillin exhibits activity against gram (+) rods.
Published	07/30/2024	Most serious adverse effect of Penicillins: {{c1::Hypersensitivity}}
Published	07/30/2024	Antigenic determinants of Penicillin include degradation products like {{c1::penicilloic acid}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::True::True or False}}Complete cross-allergenicity means being allergic to one type of Penicillin could extend to being allergic to all types of …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::False::True or False}}All patients with history of allergies to penicillin will have the same reaction when given again.
Published	07/30/2024	VR 1. Ampicillin usage 2. Pseudomembranous colitisA. Increase in 1, increase in 2B. Increase in 1, decrease in 2C. Increase in 1 has no effect on 2Ans…
Published	07/30/2024	VR 1. Ampicillin usage 2. GIT floraA. Increase in 1, increase in 2B. Increase in 1, decrease in 2C. Increase in 1 has no effect on 2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	In patients with renal failure, penicillin in high doses can cause {{c1::seizures}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Risk of interstitial nephritis when administering 1. Ampicillin 2. MethicillinA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Nafcillin-specific ADR: {{c1::neutropenia and interstitial nephritis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Aminopenicillin-specific ADR: {{c1::maculopapularrashes}}
Published	07/30/2024	Methicillin-specific ADR: {{c1::interstitial nephritis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Oxacillin-specific ADR: {{c1::hepatitis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cephalosporins are derivatives of {{c1::7-aminocephalosporanic acid}}
Published	07/30/2024	Strains of {{c1::E. coli and Klebsiella}} sp. expressing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) can hydrolyze most cephalosporins.
Published	07/30/2024	1st Generation Cephalosporin Mnemonic{{c1::all their names either have -FA- or -PHA- in them}}Except {{c2::Cefactor and Cefamandole::impostors}} which…
Published	07/30/2024	3rd Generation Cephalosporin Mnemonic{{c1::all their names end in  -ONE, -EN, or -IME}}
Published	07/30/2024	All generations of cephalosporins have, relatively, the same gram ({{c1::+}}) coverage, but increasing gram ({{c1::-}}) coverage in the next generatio…
Published	07/30/2024	QC Activity against P. aeruginosa 1. Cefonicid 2. CefprozilA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Activity against enterococci 1. Cefoxitin 2. CefaclorA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cefepime covers the following special bacteria:{{c1::P. aeruginosaEnterobacteriaceaeMethicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MRSA)S. pneumoniaeHaemophilusNe…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::4th}}-gen cephalosporins are only administered parenterally through IV
Published	07/30/2024	The only parenterally administered 1st generation cephalosporin is {{c1::cefazolin}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Preferable parenteral route of administration for 2nd gen cephalosporins 1. IV 2. IMA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC IM administration when combined with azithromycin 1. Cefpodoxime 2. CeftriaxoneA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Similarity to Cefepime's PK properties 1. Ceftazidime 2. CeftriaxoneA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Amount that crosses the blood-brain barrier 1. Ceforanide 2. CefuroximeA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B. READ EXTRA}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Penetrates CNS 1. Ceforanide 2. CefazolinA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ceftriaxone}} is the only cephalosporin that is excreted through the biliary tract
Published	07/30/2024	QC Cross-hypersensitivity to cephalosporins when the person experiences: 1. Mild hypersensitivity after penicillin intake 2. Anaphylaxis after pe…
Published	07/30/2024	QC Effectiveness against meningitis 1. Cefuroxime 2. CefiximeA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Treatment for UTI and staphylococcal/streptococcal infections 1. Cephalexin 2. CefazolinA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Used for surgical prophylaxis 1. Cephalexin 2. CefazolinA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Treatment for streptococcal and staphylococcal infections requiring IV therapy 1. Cephalexin 2. CefazolinA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cefuroxime}} is the cephalosporin of choice when treating sinusitis, otitis, and lower respiratory tract infections
Published	07/30/2024	QC Drug of choice for gonococcal infections 1. Cefixime 2. Ceftriaxone A. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Cephalosporins for meningitis 1. {{c2::Cefixime}} 2. {{c2::Ceftriaxone}} A. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Ease of documentation 1. C. trachomatis 2. N. gonorrhoeaeA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	50% of N. gonorrhoeae cases is usually accompanied by an asymptomatic infection of {{c1::C. trachomatis::bacteria}}
Published	07/30/2024	Chlamydia is treated along with gonorrhea using {{c1::azithromycin::drug}}
Published	07/30/2024	Aztreonam coverage: {{c2::Similar to ceftazidime gram (-), and NO GRAM (+) COVERAGE}}Administered {{c1::parenterally (IV)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Aztreonam {{c1::does::does/does not}} penetrate into the CSF
Published	07/30/2024	VR 1. Hypersensitivity to penicillin 2. Risk of hypersensitivity to aztreonamA. Increase in 1, increase in 2B. Increase in 1, decrease in 2C. Increase…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::False::True or False}}Beta-lactamase inhibitors are antibiotics.
Published	07/30/2024	If the drug ends with -bactam, it's a {{c1::Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Similarity to Penicillin 1. Cephalosporins 2. Carbapenems{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Carbapenems and Glycopeptide antibiotics route of administration 1. Oral 2. IVA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Carbapenem coverage: {{c1::gram (+) cocci, gram (-) rods, and anaerobes}}Specific susceptible bacteria: {{c2::pseudomonas, enterobacter}}
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment of choice for serious infections causedby ESBLs gram (-) bacteria: {{c1::Carbapenems::class of antibiotics}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cabapenems {{c1::do::do/do not}} penetrate the CNS well except for {{c2::ertapenem}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Imipenem}} is the prototype carbapenem
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Imipenem}} is the most susceptible carbapenem to renal dehydropeptidase I. Requires {{c2::cilastin}} to increase half-life and inhibit neph…
Published	07/30/2024	QC CNS toxicity 1. Imipenem 2. Doripenem 3. MeropenemAnswer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Activity against gram (-) aerobes 1. Imipenem 2. DoripenemA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Activity against gram (+) 1. Imipenem 2. DoripenemA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ertapenem}} is the newest cabapenem
Published	07/30/2024	QC Doses given per day 1. Meropenem 2. ErtapenemA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Doses given per day 1. Meropenem 2. ImipenemA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Can be administered at home for elderly patients 1. Doripenem 2. ErtapenemA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ertapenem}} is the carbapenem with the least activity to pseudomonas
Published	07/30/2024	Vancomycin coverage: {{c1::gram (+) ONLY}}
Published	07/30/2024	Vancomycin IV product is {{c1::water::lipid/water}}-soluble and stable for {{c2::14}} days in the refrigerator following reconstitution.
Published	07/30/2024	Vancomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding firmly to the {{c1::d-Ala-d-Ala}} terminus of nascent peptidoglycan pentapeptide of the bacteria
Published	07/30/2024	VR 1. {{c2::Vancomycin}} 2. Transglycosylase activityA. Increase in 1, increase in 2B. Increase in 1, decrease in 2C. Increase in 1 has no effect on 2…
Published	07/30/2024	Vancomycin is usually administered through I{{c1::V}}
Published	07/30/2024	VRSA (vancomycin resistant S. aureus): drug alternative is {{c1::cephalosporin}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Vancomycin synergistic effect for gram (+) anaerobics when combined with 1. Streptomycin 2. GentamicinA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Vancomycin administration for C.difficile 1. IV 2. OralA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clearance of vancomycin is {{c1::directly::directly/indirectly}} proportional to creatinine clearance
Published	07/30/2024	Vancomycin is {{c1::poorly::greatly/poorly}} absorbed in the intestinal tract
Published	07/30/2024	Vancomycin ADRs: {{c1::Nephrotoxicity and Red man syndrome}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR 1. {{c1::Diphenhydramine::treatment}} 2. Red man syndromeA. Increase in 1, increase in 2B. Increase in 1, decrease in 2C. Increase in 1 has no effe…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Teicoplanin}} is similar to Vancomycin in MOA and coverage. It is given both IM and IV and only given once a day
Published	07/30/2024	QC Once-weekly IV administration 1. Oritavancin 2. TeicoplaninA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Oritavancin and Dalbavancin}} is/are semisynthetic lipoglycopeptides that are derived from teicoplanin.
Published	07/30/2024	QC Inhibition of RNA synthesis 1. Oritavancin 2. DalbavancinA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Requires dose adjustment in presence of renal problems 1. Oritavancin 2. DalbavancinA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Bacitracin::antibiotic}} is a cyclic peptide mixture that inhibits cell wall formation by interfering with dephosphorylation in cycling of the l…
Published	07/30/2024	Bacitracin coverage: {{c1::gram (+)}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Fosfomycin}} is an antibiotic with gram {{c2::(-) and (+)}} activity usually used for treating uncomplicated UTI in pregnant women
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cycloserine}} is now ONLY used as treatment for TB caused by organisms resistant to the first line antituberculosis drugs
Published	07/30/2024	QC Inhibits alanine racemase 1. Cycloserine 2. FosfomycinA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Fosfomycin::antibiotic}} inhibits the cytoplasmic enzyme enolpyruvate transferase by covalently binding to the cysteine residue of the active si…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cycloserine::antibiotic}} is a structural analog of d-alanine and inhibits the incorporation of d-alanine into peptidoglycan pentapeptide by inh…
Published	07/30/2024	Multiple Choice Antimetabolite produced by Streptomyces orchidaceousA. BacitracinB. CycloserineC. FosfomycinAnswer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Multiple Choice Cyclic peptide mixture first obtained from the Tracy strain of Bacillus subtilisA. BacitracinB. CycloserineC. FosfomycinAnswer: {{c1::…
Published	07/30/2024	Multiple Choice Active drug is excreted by the kidneyA. BacitracinB. CycloserineC. FosfomycinAnswer: {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	Multiple Choice Resistance occurs due to inadequate transport of drug into the cellA. BacitracinB. CycloserineC. FosfomycinAnswer: {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	Multiple Choice Only used topicallyA. BacitracinB. CycloserineC. FosfomycinAnswer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Amoxicillin::Beta-lactam}} + {{c1::Clavulanic acid::Beta-lactamase inhibitor}} = {{c2::Coamoxiclav}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ampicillin::Beta-lactam}} + {{c1::Sulbactam::Beta-lactamase inhibitor}} = {{c2::Unasyn}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Piperacillin::Beta-lactam}} + {{c1::Tazobactam::Beta-lactamase inhibitor}} = {{c2::Zosyn}}
Published	07/30/2024	Penicillin G comes in the form of {{c1::procaine salts and benzathine salts::repository forms}} administered intra{{c2::muscularly}}
Published	07/30/2024	Methicillin resistance in staphylococci is mediated by {{c1::modification of target PBPs::MOR}}
Published	07/30/2024	Penicillin G resistance in pneumococci is mediated by {{c1::modification of target PBPs::MOR}}
Published	07/30/2024	Penicillin resistance in enterococci is mediated by {{c1::modification of target PBPs::MOR}}
Published	07/30/2024	Penicillin G is administered {{c1::parenterally::orally/parenterally}}Penicillin V is administered {{c1::orally::orally/parenterally}}
Published	07/30/2024	Extended-spectrum penicillins cover gram (+) organisms, gram (-) cocci and in addition, gram (-) rodsAminopenicillins cover {{c1::L. monocytogenes, E.…
Published	07/30/2024	Piperacillin-tazobactam-specific ADR: {{c1::AKI}}Bonus: when?
Published	07/30/2024	Ampicillin-specific ADR: {{c1::GI disturbances}}
Published	07/30/2024	Can allergy to 1 penicillin or cephalosporin warrant the restriction of all antibiotics in the same class?{{c1::Y. Complete cross-allergenicity::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	General penicillin coverage: {{c1::gram (+) organisms, gram (-) cocci}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cephalosporins are not effective against {{c1::L. monocytogenes::bacteria}}
Published	07/30/2024	Only {{c1::ceftaroline::cephalosporin}} has some activity against gram (+) enterococci and one of the only few with activity against MRSA
Published	07/30/2024	2nd Gen cephalosporin with improved stability against ESBLs: {{c2::Cefoxitin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Only useful 3rd Gen cephalosporin against P. aeruginosa: {{c2::Ceftazidime}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cephalosporin with the most resistance to chromosomal β-lactamase is {{c2::cefepime}}
Published	07/30/2024	Is cefepime still susceptible to ESBLs?{{c1::Y::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	P. aeruginosa activity only starts with {{c1::3rd}} gen cephalosporins
Published	07/30/2024	P. aeruginosa, Haemophilus, and Neisseria activity only starts with {{c1::3rd}} gen cephalosporins
Published	07/30/2024	Cefuroxime is a 2nd gen cephalosporin that can be administered both parenterally or orally but usually {{c2::orally}} administered
Published	07/30/2024	Cefixime is administered {{c1::orally}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Cephalosporin generation 2. % of members of each cephalosporin generation that can enter the CNS{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cephalosporin of choice for febrile neutropenia is {{c1::cefepime}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Treatment of complicated intraabdominal infections and UTI 1. Ceftolozane-Tazobactam 2. Ceftazidime-Avibactam{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ceftolozane-Tazobactam is special for its activity against {{c1::P. aeruginosa and ESBLs}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ceftazidime-Avibactam::cephalosporin-B-Lactamase Inhibitor}} is an option for {{c2::carbapenemase}}-producing organisms
Published	07/30/2024	If there’s history of anaphylaxis to penicillins, give {{c1::3rd or 4th}} gen cephalosporins
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cefamandole, Cefmetazole, & Cefoperazone::Cephalosporins}} contain a methylthiotetrazole group. ADRs include {{c2::Hypoprothrombinemia and b…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Vancomycin}}...Next line treatment for MRSAFirst line oral treatment for severe C. difficile colitis
Published	07/30/2024	Can Vancomycin penetrate the CNS?{{c1::Only when there is meningeal inflammation::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Duration of administration 1. Dalbavancin 2. Oritavancin{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] MIC 1. Vancomycin 2. Dalbavancin and Oritavancin{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Daptomycin}} is a cyclic lipopeptide with vancomycin-like coverage. It is active against VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus) and VRSA (vanco…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Daptomycin::Antibiotic}} binds to the cell membrane via calcium-dependent insertion of its lipid tail. Depolarization of the cell membrane with …
Published	07/30/2024	Daptomycin ADRs: {{c1::Myopathy and allergic pneumonitis in patients receiving prolonged therapy (>2 weeks)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Daptomycin is contraindicated in cases of {{c1::pneumonia::disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	1 unit of penicillin G = {{c1::0.6 μg::weight}}
Published	07/30/2024	The only available 4th generation cephalosporin is {{c1::cefepime}}
Status	Last Update	Fields