Notes in 38 Neonate Emergencies

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Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Apoptosis}} is {{c2::programmed}} cell death.
Published	12/13/2023	Esophageal atresia places a patient at high risk for {{c1::aspiration}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Where should the tip of the ETT be in a patient with esophageal atresia?{{c1::Below fistula, above carina}}
Published	12/13/2023	Frequent {{c1::suctioning}} of a patient with esophageal atresia limits the risk of gastric aspiration.
Published	12/13/2023	Surgical repair of an esophageal atresia most commonly compresses the {{c1::right}} lung.
Published	12/13/2023	Where is a postductal pulse oximeter placed for a neonate?{{c1::Legs}}
Published	12/13/2023	In neonates, what artery is sampled for ABGs?{{c1::Preductal arteries}}
Published	12/13/2023	What conditions are suggested by a difference between a preductal and postductal pulse oximeter?{{c1::Pulmonary}} hypertension{{c2::Right to left}} sh…
Published	12/13/2023	What is the most common site of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia?{{c1::Foramen of Bochdalek (posterolateral, left side)}}
Published	12/13/2023	A parasternal congenital diaphragmatic hernia occurs in the foramen of {{c1::Morgagni}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Congenital diaphragmatic hernia via the foramen of Bochdalek may cause {{c1::cardiac}} displacement.
Published	12/13/2023	How does lung hypoplasia affect the pulmonary circulation?{{c1::Increased PVR}}
Published	12/13/2023	Patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia may require permissive {{c1::hypercapnia}} to avoid {{c2::barotrauma}} of the "good" lung.
Published	12/13/2023	Surgical treatment of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia includes creation of a temporary {{c1::ventral hernia.}}
Published	12/13/2023	Where should a pulse oximeter be placed to evaluate increased intra-abdominal pressure?{{c1::Feet}}
Published	12/13/2023	How is one lung ventilation accomplished in a neonate?{{c1::Advancing ETT}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the distension medium for thoracoscopy?{{c1::CO2 }}
Published	12/13/2023	What organ can herniate in an omphalocele, but not gastroschisis?{{c1::Liver}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c2::Omphalocele}} is a bowel herniation defect located {{c1::midline (umbilicus)}}.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c2::Gastroschisis}} is a bowel herniation defect located {{c1::right of midline}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What type of testing is done before surgical repair of omphalocele?{{c1::Cardiac workup}}
Published	12/13/2023	What are the daily fluid requirements for a neonate with gastroschisis?{{c1::150-300 mL/kg/day}}
Published	12/13/2023	What anesthetic agent cannot be used for repair of a ventral hernia defect?{{c1::Nitrous oxide }}
Published	12/13/2023	High {{c1::airway}} pressures during surgical repair of ventral hernia defects may require staging.
Published	12/13/2023	How does increased abdominal pressure affect cardiac output?{{c1::Decreased}}
Published	12/13/2023	Metabolic acidosis is a {{c1::late}} sign of pyloric stenosis.
Published	12/13/2023	What maintenance fluids are used for a pylormyotomy?Fluid: {{c2::D5 1/2 NS}}Rate: {{c1::1.5x maintenance rate}}
Published	12/13/2023	Pyloric stenosis commonly causes postoperative {{c1::apnea}} because the CSF remains {{c2::alkalotic}}.
Published	12/13/2023	How does high PaO2 affect eye vasculature?{{c1::Vasoconstriction}} and {{c2::hemorrhage}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the most siginficant risk factor retinopathy of prematurity?{{c1::Prematurity}}
Published	12/13/2023	What vitamin deficiency increases the risk for retinopathy of prematurity?{{c1::Vitamin E}}
Published	12/13/2023	What disease state increases the risk for retinopathy of prematurity?{{c1::Sepsis}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the target SpO2 in a neonate < 44 weeks post-conception?{{c1::89-94%}}
Published	12/13/2023	Does a preductal or postductal SpO2 better reflect retinal vessel SpO2?{{c1::Preductal (right arm or earlobe)}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::NMDA}} antagonists are associated with apoptosis.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::GABA}} agonists are associated with apoptosis.
Published	12/13/2023	Are halogenated anesthetics associated with apoptosis*?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2023	Is nitrous oxide associated with apoptosis*?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2023	Is propofol associated with apoptosis*?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2023	Is ketamine associated with apoptosis*?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2023	Is etomidate associated with apoptosis*?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2023	Are barbiturates associated with apoptosis*?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2023	Are benzodiazepines associated with apoptosis*?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2023	Are opioids associated with apoptosis*?{{c1::No}}
Published	12/13/2023	Is dexmedetomidine associated with apoptosis*?{{c1::No}}
Published	12/13/2023	Is Xenon associated with apoptosis*?{{c1::No}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Kernicterus}} is fetal encephalopathy due to elevated bilirubin.
Published	12/13/2023	What enzyme metabolizes bilirubin (phase 2)?{{c1::Glucuronyl transferase}}
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