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02 Anatomy: Ischioanal Fossa and Reproductive Organs
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The pelvis is originally three bones which fuse together:Superior: {{c1::Ilium}}Anterior: {{c1::Pubis}}Posterior: {{c1::Ischium}}
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The {{c1::sacrospinous}} ligament separates the greater and lesser sciatic foramen
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The {{c1::false pelvis}} lies superior to the pelvic inlet but is still enclosed by the pelvic girdle
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In females the pelvic inlet is {{c1::oval}} shapedIn males the pelvic inlet is {{c1::heart}} shaped
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In females the ischial spines turn {{c1::out}}In males the ischial spines turn {{c1::in}}
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In females the pelvic arch is {{c1::obtuse::angle}}In males the pelvic arch is {{c1::acute::angle}}
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Females have a {{c1::larger}} pelvic outlet than males
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Females have a {{c1::wider and shallower}} pelvis than men
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The {{c2::anatomical}} conjugate is measured from the {{c1::sacral promontory}} to the {{c1::upper border}} of the pubic symphysis
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The {{c2::obstetrical (true)}} conjugate is the narrowest fixed distance through which the baby's head must pass during delivery. It is measured from …
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The {{c2::diagonal}} conjugate is estimated as {{c3::1.5}} cm longer than the true conjugate. It is measured from the {{c1::sacral promontory}} to the…
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The {{c1::straight}} conjugate is the narrowest unfixed distance through which the baby's head must pass during delivery.
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The {{c1::pelvic diaphragm}} separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum
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The pelvic diaphragm has {{c1::2::#}} openings
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The urogenital diaphragm has {{c1::1 or 2::#}} openings
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The pelvic diaphragm is tonally {{c1::contracted}} and actively {{c1::contracts}} during forced expiration, coughing, sneezing, or vomiting
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Boundaries of the perineumSuperior: {{c1::Pelvic diaphragm}}Lateral: {{c1::Ischial tuberosities}}Anterior: {{c1::Pubic symphysis}}Posterior: {{c1::Coc…
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An {{c1::episiotomy}} is a surgical incision of perineum to prevent excessive tearing during childbirth.
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The {{c1::ischioanal fossa}} is bounded partially by the levator ani and the obterator internus. It is filled with fat and loose connective tissue and…
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The pudendal nerve arises from the {{c1::sacral plexus}} with contributions from {{c1::S2, S3, S4}}
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The pudendal nerve exits the {{c1::greater sciatic}} foramen, passes between the {{c2::sacrotuberous and sacrospinous}} ligaments, gives off a branch …
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Branches of the pudendal nerve{{c1::Inferior rectal nerve}} - to anal sphincter{{c1::Perineal nerve}} - to the external genitalia{{c1::Dorsal nerve of…
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The internal pudendal artery arises from the {{c1::internal iliac}} artery and has the same named branches as the pudendal nerve
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The pudendal (Alcock's) canal is located in the fascia on the medial surface of {{c1::obturator internus}}
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Before entering Alcock's canal the {{c1::inferior rectal}} nerve branches off of the pudendal nerve.After exiting Alcock's canal the pudendal nerve bi…
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The {{c3::external}} anal sphincter is composed of {{c2::three}} parts (all {{c1::skeletal}} muscle) which are hard to distinguish on a cadaver: …
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The urogenital diaphragm lies {{c1::inferior}} to the pelvic diaphragm
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The {{c2::inferior}} fascia of the urogenital diaphragm is known as the {{c1::perineal membrane}}
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The {{c1::deep}} perineal pouch is located between {{c2::the superior and inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm}}
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The {{c1::superficial}} perineal pouch is located between {{c2::Colles fascia and the perineal membrane (inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm)}}
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The {{c2::deep}} perineal pouch contains the {{c1::dorsal}} branches of the internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerves
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The {{c2::superficial}} perineal pouch contains the {{c1::perineal}} branches of the internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerves
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In males, the {{c2::deep}} perineal pouch contains the {{c1::bulbourethral (Cowper's)}} glands
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The {{c1::superficial}} perineal pouch contains the external genitalia
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The {{c1::superficial}} perineal pouch contains the superficial transverse perineal muscles
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The {{c1::deep}} perineal pouch contains the muscles of the urogenital diaphragm
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Stretching of the {{c2::pelvic and urogenital diaphragms}} during the birthing process can later cause {{c1::incontinence or prolapse::clinical correl…
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