Notes in 100 Concepts

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Initially made by Hunter M. (Class of 2026)

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	11/21/2024	A lumbar puncture enters the {{c1::subarachnoid}} space
Published	11/21/2024	A lumbar puncture is done between levels {{c1::L3/L4}} or {{c1::L4/L5}}
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c1::illiac crest}} is a bony landmark for {{c2::L4}} spinal level, useful for lumbar puncture
Published	11/21/2024	The spinal cord ends at {{c1::L2}} in adults
Published	11/21/2024	The spinal cord ends at {{c1::L3}} in children
Published	11/21/2024	Disc herniation usually occurs between {{c1::L4/L5}} or {{c1::L5/S1}} in the lumbar region
Published	11/21/2024	Disc herniation usually occurs between {{c1::C5/C6}} or {{c1::C6/C7}} in the cervical region
Published	11/21/2024	Disc herniation can occur due to degeneration of the {{c1::annulus fibrosus}}
Published	11/21/2024	Disc herniation can occur acutely due to {{c2::compression of the nucleus pulposus::physiologically}}
Published	11/21/2024	Herniated {{c1::lumbar}} discs involve the nerve {{c2::below::above/below}} the space
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Kyphosis}} is an exagerated {{c2::thoracic}} spinal curve
Published	11/21/2024	What degenerative disease can notably lead to kyphosis? {{c1::osteoporosis}}
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Lordosis}} is an exagerated {{c2::lumbar}} spinal curve
Published	11/21/2024	What is a temporary cause of lordosis in women? {{c1::Pregnancy}}
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Spondylolisthesis}} is the {{c2::displacement::action}} of a vertabrae
Published	11/21/2024	A complex deformity involving lateral deviation, or torsion, of the spine is called {{c1::scoliosis}}
Published	11/21/2024	Humerus fracture at the {{c1::surgical neck}} injures the {{c2::axillary}} nerve
Published	11/21/2024	Humerus fracture at the {{c1::midshaft}} injures the {{c2::radial}} nerve
Published	11/21/2024	Humerus fracture at the {{c1::medial epicondyle}} injures the {{c2::ulnar}} nerve
Published	11/21/2024	What is the most common fracture of the forearm in adults > 50? {{c1::Transverse fracture of radius}}
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Smith's}} fracture results from force on the {{c2::dorsal}} aspect of the {{c2::flexed}} wrist
Published	11/21/2024	Smith's fracture results in an {{c1::anteriorly}} displaced radius fragment
Published	11/21/2024	Colles' fracture results in an {{c1::dorsally}} displaced radius fragment
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Colles'}} fracture results from a forced {{c2::extension::action}} of the hand
Published	11/21/2024	Colles' fracture can also break the {{c1::ulnar styloid}} in addition to the radius
Published	11/21/2024	A {{c1::scaphoid::carpal}} fracture results from a {{c2::fall onto the palm}}
Published	11/21/2024	When is a scaphoid fracture visible on xray? {{c1::2-3 weeks}}
Published	11/21/2024	What fracture of the hand is seen in boxers? {{c1::Neck of metacarpal (boxer's fracture)}}
Published	11/21/2024	What are the rotator cuff muscles? {{c1::Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis}}
Published	11/21/2024	A shoulder dislocation is most likely to be {{c1::inferiorly::direction}}
Published	11/21/2024	What muscle abducts the shoulder {{c2::0-15}} degrees? {{c1::Supraspinatus}}
Published	11/21/2024	What muscle abducts the shoulder {{c2::15-110}} degrees? {{c1::Deltoid}} muscle
Published	11/21/2024	What muscles exclusively abduct the shoulder {{c2::110-180}} degrees? {{c1::Trapezius}} and {{c1::serratus anterior}}
Published	11/21/2024	What innervates the supraspinatus? {{c1::suprascapular nerve}}
Published	11/21/2024	What innervates the deltoid? {{c1::axillary nerve}}
Published	11/21/2024	What innervates the trapezius? {{c1::Acessory nerve (CN XI)}}
Published	11/21/2024	What innervates the serratus anterior? {{c1::long thoracic}} nerve
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Subacromial}} bursitis is often caused by calcific {{c2::supraspinatus}} tendinitis
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Golfer's}} elbow is a {{c2::medial}} epicondylitis
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Tennis}} elbow is a {{c2::lateral}} epicondylitis
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Medial epicondylitis}} also known as {{c1::golfer's elbow}} is an inflammation of the {{c2::common flexor tendon}} of the wrist
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Lateral epicondylitis}} which is also called {{c1::tennis elbow}} is an inflammation of the {{c2::common extensor tendon}} of the wris…
Published	11/21/2024	Scapular anastomoses bypass blockage of the {{c1::subclavian}} or {{c1::axillary}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	The scapular anastomoses connects the {{c1::thyrocervical trunk}} branch of the {{c2::subclavian artery}} to the {{c1::subscapular arte…
Published	11/21/2024	What are the 4 connecting arteries of the scapular anastomoses?{{c1::Transverse cervical}} artery{{c2::Suprascapular}} artery{{c3::Subscapular}} arter…
Published	11/21/2024	What structures lie in the cubital fossa lateral to medial? {{c1::Radial N.,Biceps brachii tendon, brachial a., median n.}}
Published	11/21/2024	In the cubital fossa, the {{c1::median cubital}} vein connects the {{c2::cephalic}} vein and {{c2::basilic}} vein
Published	11/21/2024	Venipuncture in the cubital fossa usually is in the {{c1::median cubital}} vein
Published	11/21/2024	A dislocation of the {{c1::lunate}} can cause carpal tunnel
Published	11/21/2024	Does carpal tunnel affect palm sensation? {{c2::No}}
Published	11/21/2024	Carpal tunnel can present with absent thumb {{c1::opposition::action}} and {{c1::abduction::action}} which is called {{c1::ape han…
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c1::proximal}} interphalangeal joint is actuated by the {{c2::flexor digitorum superficialis}}
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c1::distal}} interphalangeal joint is actuated by the {{c2::flexor digitorum profundus}}
Published	11/21/2024	{{c2::Erb's}} palsy is damage to the {{c1::upper}} trunk, leading to a "waiter's tip"
Published	11/21/2024	What nerves does Erb-Duchenne palsy affect? {{c1::Axillary}} nerve, {{c1::Suprascapular}} nerve, and {{c1::Musculocutaneous}} nerve
Published	11/21/2024	What palsy is this?{{c1::Erb-Duchenne (Upper trunk, C5-C6)}}
Published	11/21/2024	What spinal levels does Erb-Duchenne palsy affect? {{c1::C5, C6}}
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Superior::direction}} force on the arm can result in {{c2::Klumpke}} palsy
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Klumpke}} palsy is a damaged {{c2::lower trunk}}
Published	11/21/2024	What spinal levels are affected in Klumpke palsy? {{c1::C8-T1}}
Published	11/21/2024	What nerves are affected by Klumpke palsy? {{c1::Ulnar}} nerve and {{c1::Median}} nerve
Published	11/21/2024	What upper limb palsy can result in horner syndrome? {{c1::Klumpke palsy}}
Published	11/21/2024	What muscles are lost in Klumpke palsy? {{c1::All intrinsic hand muscles}}
Published	11/21/2024	What nerves are affected by {{c1::lateral}} cord lesions? {{c2::Musculocutaneous nerve}}, {{c2::median nerve}}, and {{c2::lateral pecto…
Published	11/21/2024	A femoral fracture of an osteoporotic elderly women often happens at the {{c1::femoral neck}}
Published	11/21/2024	A {{c1::transcervical}} fracture of the femoral head disrupts blood supply from the {{c2::retinacular (medial circumflex femoral artery…
Published	11/21/2024	What femoral head fracture can cause avascular necrosis? {{c1::transcervical}}
Published	11/21/2024	Is medial collateral ligament or lateral collateral ligament torn more frequently?  {{c1::tibial collateral ligament (medial collateral ligament)…
Published	11/21/2024	The unhappy triad of the knee (o'donoghues) includes injuries to:1. {{c1::Tibial collateral ligament (medial collateral ligament)}}2. {{c2::…
Published	11/21/2024	What is the function of the {{c1::fibular collateral}} ligament? {{c2::Limit extension and adduction of knee}}
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c1::anterior}} cruciate ligament is disrupted with force moving the tibia {{c2::forward}}
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c1::posterior}} cruciate ligament is disrupted with force moving the tibia {{c2::posterior}}
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c2::prepatellar}} bursa seperates the {{c1::patella}} from the {{c1::skin}}
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c2::suprapatellar}} bursa seperates the {{c1::femur}} from the {{c1::quadriceps tendon}}
Published	11/21/2024	The patellar reflex tests spinal nerves {{c1::L2-L4}}
Published	11/21/2024	The most common ankle sprain is an {{c1::inversion}} injury which is twisting of the {{c2::plantarflexed}} foot
Published	11/21/2024	What ligament is damaged in an inversion ankle sprain? {{c1::lateral ligament (anterior talofibular ligament)}}
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Pott's}} fracture is caused by forced {{c2::eversion}} of the foot
Published	11/21/2024	Pott's fracture can result in avulsion of the {{c1::medial malleolus}} of the tibia, as well as fibular fracture
Published	11/21/2024	What ligament is damaged in Pott's fracture? {{c1::medial ligament (deltoid ligament)}}
Published	11/21/2024	The ankle reflex tests spinal nerves {{c1::S1-S2}}
Published	11/21/2024	Inflammation of the {{c1::piriformis}} muscle can mimic {{c2::sciatica}}
Published	11/21/2024	What is the action of the piriformis? {{c1::external rotation of the thigh (lateral rotation)}}
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Sciatic}} nerve injury is characterized by weak:hip {{c2::extension}}knee {{c2::flexion}}foot {{c2::dorsiflexion}}
Published	11/21/2024	To avoid sciatic nerve injuy, gluteal injection is done in the {{c1::upper lateral}} quadrant
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Superior gluteal}} nerve injury paralyzes the {{c2::gluteus medius}} and {{c2::gluteus minimus}}
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Superior gluteal}} nerve injury results in {{c2::contra}}lateral pelvic drop
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Inferior gluteal}} nerve injury presents as difficulty climbing stairs or standing from a seated position
Published	11/21/2024	Inferior gluteal nerve injury results in weak hip {{c1::extension}}
Published	11/21/2024	What are the hamstring muscles? {{c1::Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus}}
Published	11/21/2024	Which hamstring muscle is innervated by the tibial and common fibular nerve? {{c1::Biceps femoris}}
Published	11/21/2024	The femoral sheath is an extension of the {{c1::transversalis}} fascia and {{c2::iliacus}} fascia
Published	11/21/2024	What is in the femoral sheath, lateral to medial? {{c1::Femoral artery, Femoral vein, Femoral canal}}
Published	11/21/2024	What artery can be damaged during femoral hernia repair? {{c1::obturator artery}}
Published	11/21/2024	What muscles are part of the {{c2::triceps surae}} (achilles tendon)?{{c1::Gastrocnemius (2 heads), Soleus, Plantaris (may be absent)}}
Published	11/21/2024	Tibial nerve injury results in weak foot {{c1::plantar flexion}}
Published	11/21/2024	Fracture of the {{c1::fibular neck}} can damage the {{c2::common peroneal}} nerve
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Common peroneal}} nerve injury paralyzes the {{c2::anterior}} and {{c2::lateral}} compartments of the leg, leading to {{c3::foot …
Published	11/21/2024	Adenocarcinomas of the breast usually arise from the epithelia of the {{c1::lactiferous}} ducts
Published	11/21/2024	Carcinoma of the breast shortens {{c1::Suspensory (Cooper's) ligaments}} causing dimpling
Published	11/21/2024	Most lymphatic drainage of the breast is to the {{c1::axillary}} node via the {{c2::anterior (pectoral)}} nodes
Published	11/21/2024	Medial breast lympthatic drainage is to the {{c1::parasternal}} nodes or to the {{c2::opposite breast}}
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Radical mastectomy}} is a procedure to remove the breast, {{c2::pectoralis}} muscles, and lymph nodes
Published	11/21/2024	What nerve can be lesioned during radical mastectomy? {{c1::Long thoracic nerve}}
Published	11/21/2024	How does a lesioned long thoracic nerve present? {{c1::Winged scapula}} and {{c1::weak abduction above 90 degrees}}
Published	11/21/2024	When does mastitis most frequently occur? {{c1::breastfeeding}}
Published	11/21/2024	Damage to the {{c1::phrenic}} nerve results in diaphragm paralysis
Published	11/21/2024	Diaphragmatic paralysis presents with movement upwards during {{c1::inspiration}}
Published	11/21/2024	Most diaphragmatic ruptures happen on the {{c1::left}} side
Published	11/21/2024	Enlargement of the {{c1::left atrium}} can compress the {{c2::esophagus}} causing {{c2::dysphagia}}
Published	11/21/2024	on CXR, the right border of the heart is formed by the {{c1::right atrium}} and {{c1::superior vena cava (SVC)}}
Published	11/21/2024	on CXR, the left border of the heart is formed by the {{c1::Aortic arch}}, {{c2::Pulmonary trunk}}, {{c3::Left auricle}}, and {{c4::Lef…
Published	11/21/2024	What heart valve is ascultated at red?{{c1::Aortic valve}}
Published	11/21/2024	What heart valve is ascultated at blue?{{c1::Pulmonic valve (pulmonary valve)}}
Published	11/21/2024	What heart valve is ascultated at green?{{c1::Tricuspid valve}}
Published	11/21/2024	What heart valve is ascultated at purple?{{c1::Mitral valve}}
Published	11/21/2024	The right atrium is supplied blood by the {{c1::right coronary artery (anterior branches)}}
Published	11/21/2024	The SA node is supplied by the {{c1::right coronary artery}}
Published	11/21/2024	The AV node is supplied by the {{c1::posterior descending artery}}
Published	11/21/2024	What artery supplies the right ventricle? {{c1::marginal (RCA branch)}}
Published	11/21/2024	The posterior 1/3 of the interventricular septum is supplied by the {{c1::posterior descending artery}}
Published	11/21/2024	What artery supplies the left ventricle and left atrium? {{c1::Circumflex artery}}
Published	11/21/2024	What artery supplies the bundle of His (AV bundle)? {{c1::left anterior descending}}
Published	11/21/2024	The left anterior descending (LAD) artery is a branch of the {{c1::left coronary}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	What artery supplies the AV bundle and moderator band? {{c1::Left coronary artery}}
Published	11/21/2024	Foreign body aspiration enters the {{c1::right}} lung and the {{c2::middle/lower}} lobe bronchi
Published	11/21/2024	The right lung has {{c1::10}} bronchopulmonary segments
Published	11/21/2024	The left lung has {{c1::9}} bronchopulmonary segments
Published	11/21/2024	The middle lobe is ascultated on the anterior chest between ribs {{c1::4}} and {{c1::6}}
Published	11/21/2024	What nerve innevates the diaphragmatic and mediastinal parietal pleura? {{c1::phrenic}} nerve
Published	11/21/2024	What organs are in the right upper abdomen? {{c1:: Liver}} and {{c1::gallblader}}
Published	11/21/2024	What organs are in the left upper abdomen? {{c1::stomach}} and {{c1::spleen}}
Published	11/21/2024	What organs are in the right lower abdomen? {{c1::cecum}} and {{c1::appendix}}
Published	11/21/2024	What organs are in the left lower abdomen? {{c1::descending colon}} and {{c1::sigmoid colon}}
Published	11/21/2024	Pain from the {{c1::fore}}gut is referred to the {{c2::epigastric}} region
Published	11/21/2024	Pain from the {{c1::mid}}gut is referred to the {{c2::umbilical}} region
Published	11/21/2024	Pain from the {{c1::hind}}gut is referred to the {{c2::hypogastric}} region
Published	11/21/2024	What is the first structure an abdominal hernia passes through? {{c1::Transversalis fascia (deep inguinal ring)}}
Published	11/21/2024	A {{c1::indirect}} inguinal hernia enters the {{c3::deep inguinal ring}} {{c2::lateral}} to the {{c2::inferior epigastric}} vessels
Published	11/21/2024	A {{c1::direct}} inguinal hernia enters the {{c3::inguinal triangle (Hesselbach)}} {{c2::medial}} to the {{c2::inferior epigastric}} ve…
Published	11/21/2024	Which type of hernia enters the scrotum? {{c1::indirect}}
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c5::epiploic (foramen of winslow)}} foramen is bordered by:Anterior: {{c1::hepatoduodenal ligament (portal triad)}}Posterior: {{c2::IV…
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c2::portal triad}} passes in the {{c1::hepatoduodenal}} ligament
Published	11/21/2024	In AFAB, a pelvic abscess usually forms in the {{c1::rectouterine (pouch of douglas)}} pouch
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c1::vesicouterine}} pouch is between the {{c2::bladder}} and {{c2::uterus}}
Published	11/21/2024	Aspiration from the {{c1::rectouterine}} pouch is done through the {{c2::posterior vaginal fornix}}
Published	11/21/2024	The liver/gallblader is part of the {{c1::fore}}gut
Published	11/21/2024	The pancreas is part of the {{c1::fore}}gut
Published	11/21/2024	The stomach is part of the {{c1::fore}}gut
Published	11/21/2024	The duodenum (parts 2, 3, 4) is part of the {{c1::mid}}gut
Published	11/21/2024	The duodenum (parts 1) is part of the {{c1::fore}}gut
Published	11/21/2024	The ascending colon is part of the {{c1::mid}}gut
Published	11/21/2024	The descending colon is part of the {{c1::hind}}gut
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c1::fore}}gut is supplied by the {{c2::celiac}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c1::mid}}gut is supplied by the {{c2::superior mesenteric}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c1::hind}}gut is supplied by the {{c2::inferior mesenteric}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	The foregut parasympathetic innervation is by the {{c2::vagus (CN X)}} nerve
Published	11/21/2024	The midgut parasympathetic innervation is by the {{c2::vagus (CN X)}} nerve
Published	11/21/2024	The hindgut parasympathetic innervation is by the {{c2::pelvic splanchnic}} nerves
Published	11/21/2024	The foregut sympathetic innervation is by the {{c2::greater splanchnic}} nerve
Published	11/21/2024	The hindgut sympathetic innervation is by the {{c2::lumbar splanchnic}} nerves
Published	11/21/2024	A posterior gastric ulcer may refer pain to the {{c1::back}}
Published	11/21/2024	A posterior gastric ulcer commonly impacts the {{c1::splenic}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Meckel's diverticulum}} is a persistent {{c2::vitellointestinal duct}}
Published	11/21/2024	Meckel's diverticulum occurs in {{c1::2}}% of patients
Published	11/21/2024	Meckel's diverticulum occurs ~{{c1::2 feet::distance}} before the {{c2::ileocecal junction}}
Published	11/21/2024	Meckel's diverticulum is ~ {{c1::2 inches}} long
Published	11/21/2024	diverticulitis may mimic {{c1::acute appendicitis}}
Published	11/21/2024	The longitudal muscle along the large intestine is the {{c1::taeniae coli}}
Published	11/21/2024	Where does pain in acute appendicitis initially present? {{c1::periumbilical (T10)}}
Published	11/21/2024	Acute appendicitis refers pain to {{c1::McBurney's point}} after the {{c2::parietal peritoneum}} is involved
Published	11/21/2024	McBurney's point is 1/3 up the line joining the {{c1::right anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)}} and {{c1::umbilicus}}
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Volvulus}} is the rotation of the {{c2::small intestine}} or {{c2::sigmoid colon}} around its mesentary
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Hirschsprung's}} disease is a congenital abscense of {{c2::postganglionic::preganglionic/postganglionic}} {{c2::parasympathetic::sympathetic/par…
Published	11/21/2024	Hirschspring's disease is notably associated with {{c1::Down's syndrome}}
Published	11/21/2024	How does Hirschspring's present in a neonate? {{c1::Failure to pass meconium}}
Published	11/21/2024	What are the branches of the abdominal aorta from T12-L4?{{c1::Celiac trunk, SMA, renal, gonadal IMA, common iliac}}
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c1::celiac}} artery divides into the:1. {{c2::Left gastric}}2. {{c3::Common hepatic}}3. {{c4::Splenic}}
Published	11/21/2024	The left {{c2::lesser}} curvature of the stomach is supplied by the {{c1::left gastric}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c1::common hepatic}} artery splits into the:1. {{c2::Proper hepatic artery}}2. {{c3::Gastroduodenal artery}}
Published	11/21/2024	The right {{c2::lesser}} curvature of the stomach is supplied by the {{c1::right gastric}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c3::gallbladder}} is supplied by the {{c1::cystic}} artery, a branch of the {{c2::right hepatic}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	What artery can be impacted by a ulcer in the first part of the duodenum? {{c1::Gastroduodenal}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	What arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach? {{c1::left gastroepiploic}} artery and {{c1::right gastroepiploic}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	What are the branches of the gastroduodenal artery?2. {{c1::Right gastroepiploic}} artery3. {{c2::Superior pancreaticoduodenal}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	What supplies the head of the pancreas? {{c1::Superior pancreaticoduodenal}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c1::inferior}} pancreaticoduodenal artery arises from the {{c2::superior mesenteric}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	The common hepatic artery can be ligated due to collateral flow via the anastomoses:1. {{c1::left gastric}} artery to {{c1::right gastr…
Published	11/21/2024	Right-sided liver necrosis following cholecystectomy indicates a mistakenly ligated {{c1::right hepatic}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c1::left}} gastroepiploic artery arises from the {{c2::splenic}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	What artery supply the fundus of the stomach? {{c1::Short gastric}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c1::superior}} mesenteric artery supplies the appendix
Published	11/21/2024	What branch of the {{c3::superior}} mesenteric artery supplies the {{c2::ascending}} colon? {{c1::Right colic}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	What branch of the superior mesenteric artery supplies the {{c2::transverse}} colon? {{c1::Middle colic}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	What branch of the {{c3::inferior}} mesenteric artery supplies the {{c2::descending}} colon? {{c1::Left colic}} artery
Published	11/21/2024	The sigmoid colon and rectum is supplied by the {{c1::inferior}} mesenteric artery
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c1::cystic}} duct joins the {{c2::common hepatic}} duct to form the {{c3::common bile}} duct
Published	11/21/2024	The {{c1::common bile}} duct joins the {{c2::main pancreatic}} duct to form the {{c3::hepatopancreatic}} ampulla surrounded by the sphi…
Published	11/21/2024	Gallstones that lodge in the {{c1::hepatopancreatic ampulla}} {{c2::do}} produce jaundice
Published	11/21/2024	Gallstones that lodge in the {{c1::cystic duct}} {{c2::do not}} produce jaundice
Status	Last Update	Fields