Notes in Lecture Membrane Transport

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Published	08/28/2024	Lipids bilayers exhibit {{c1::differential permability}}, allowing {{c2::gases}}, {{c2::hydrophobic molecules}}, and {{c2::small p…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Ion concentrations}} will differ across the plasma membrane
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Active transport}} uses 6 different types of pumps to transport substances across the plasma membrane
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Facilitated diffusion}}, a type of passive transport, utilizes {{c2::carrier proteins and gated channels}} to transport substances across t…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Antiporters}}, {{c1::symporters}}, and {{c1::uniporters}} are 3 different types of active transport.
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Antiporter}} "trades" substances
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Symporter}} moves multiple substances in the same direction
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Uniporter}} trades the same substance in and out of the cell
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::NOKIA 321}} describes how the {{c2::Na/K ATPase works}}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::The Na-K ATPase}} maintains the motive {{c2::force}} for movement of ions. The membrane potential established is typically between {{c2:: -…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::ABC-type transporter}} stands for ATP-binding cassette transporters. These transporters can move substances in or out of the cell via active tra…
Published	08/28/2024	Uptake of {{c1::dietary carbohydrates}} uses both {{c2::active and passive transporters}}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Fluid mosaic model}} describes the cell membrane as containing functinoal membrane spanning {{c2::peripheral}} and {{c2::integral}} me…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR)}} is a type of {{c2::ABC-type}} {{c2::Cl-}} transporter
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Cystic fibrosis}} manifests due to the {{c2::F508del}} and {{c2::G551D}} mutation.
Published	08/28/2024	Two comon types of medication to treat {{c1::cystic fibrosis transporter activity mutations}} are {{c2::Lumacaftor}} and {{c2::Ivacafto…
Published	08/28/2024	The {{c1::ABCC1}} transporter protein is prevalent in {{c2::neuroblastoma and cancer cells}} found in the lung, breast, and prostate.
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::ABCC1 transporter protein}} has high levels of expression in cancer cells because it is assocaited with {{c2::chemotherapeutic agent resistance.…
Published	08/28/2024	Epithelial cells are usually {{c1::polarized}} which helps transport molecules in a {{c2::directional manner}}
Published	08/28/2024	Uptake of {{c1::carbohydrates}} uses {{c2::both active and passive transporters}} in the form of {{c3::SGLT, Na/K ATPase, and GLUT tran…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Facilitated diffusion}} depends on {{c2::speed, selectivity, and gating}} to regulate its activity. Similiar to enzymes, carrier protein ac…
Published	08/28/2024	Aquaporins transports {{c1::water ONLY, no ions!}}
Published	08/28/2024	The {{c1::sodium channel}} is optimized for hydrated Na+, where {{c2::hydrated Na+ can pass through}} but hydrated K+ {{c2::gets stuck}} bec…
Published	08/28/2024	The {{c1::potassium channel}} is optimized for {{c2::dehydrated K+}} where {{c2::carbonyl oxygens}} in the channel act as a solvent ins…
Published	08/28/2024	Gating of channels entail:{{c1::Ligand}} → {{c2::Activation/opening}}{{c1::Voltage}} → {{c2::Closing}}{{c1::Mechanical Force}} → {{c2::Inactivation}}
Published	08/28/2024	During an actoin potential, {{c1::depolarization}} activates a nerve impulse which causes a change in membrane potential from {{c2::-60 mV to +60 mV}}…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Acetycholine}} binds to the {{c1::acetycholine receptor}} ion channel which then opens up the pore to allow transport of substrates into the cel…
Published	08/28/2024	The {{c1::acetycholine receptor}} opens via rotation and sliding of helices
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Na+}} current flow peaks before {{c1::K+}} in ion channel activity during an action potential
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Voltage-gated ion channels}} have voltage sensors (arginines or lysines) and open when membrane potential changes cause a change in its {{c2::pr…
Published	08/28/2024	Voltage-gated ion channels are {{c1::transiently}} inactivated
Published	08/28/2024	[Na+] is higher {{c1::outside}} the cell[K+] is higher {{c1::inside}} the cell[Cl-] is higher {{c1::outside}} the cell[Ca2+] is much higher {{c1::outs…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Facilitated}} transport is passive and relies on the {{c2::concentration gradient}} and {{c2::electrochemical gradient}} to function.
Published	08/28/2024	{{c2::Chloride}} moves against its concentration gradient in its ion channel. This is accomplished because it moves with the {{c1::electrochemical}} g…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Potassium}} movement outside of the cell is less spontaneous than {{c1::sodium}}, since it moves against the {{c2::electrochemical}} gradient.
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::ABC}} transporters are a big problem for {{c2::drug resistance}} because over time, they become better at moving drugs outside of the cell.
Published	08/28/2024	The {{c1::sodium}} ion channel is optimized for {{c2::hydrated}} transport
Published	08/28/2024	The {{c1::potassium}} ion channel is optimized for {{c2::dehydrated}} transport
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