Notes in 02 Respiratory Physiology

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Published	12/13/2023	What is the first level where gas exchange begins to occur?{{c1::Respiratory bronchiole}}
Published	12/13/2023	The action of the external intercostals increases the {{c1::A-P diameter of the rib cage.}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Minute ventilation}} is the amount of air moved into the respiratory passages every minute.
Published	12/13/2023	The equation to calculate alveolar ventilation is:{{c1::(Vt - anatomic dead space) x RR}}
Published	12/13/2023	What does an endotracheal tube do to the dead space?{{c1::It decreases dead space.}}
Published	12/13/2023	Anatomic dead space ends at the {{c1::terminal bronchioles}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The difference between PACO2 and PaCO2 is usually {{c1::< 1 mmHg}}
Published	12/13/2023	A normal male hemoglobin is {{c1::15}} g/dL
Published	12/13/2023	A normal female hemoglobin is {{c1::13}} g/dL
Published	12/13/2023	Normal hematocrit for males is {{c1::45%}}
Published	12/13/2023	Normal hematocrit for females is {{c1::39%}}
Published	12/13/2023	What parts of the brainstem house the respiratory centers?{{c1::Pons}} and {{c1::medulla oblongata}}
Published	12/13/2023	Sensory input for the dorsal respiratory group comes from the {{c1::vagus}} nerve and the {{c1::glossopharyngeal}} nerve.
Published	12/13/2023	The Hering-Breuer reflex sends signals via the {{c1::vagus}} nerve.
Published	12/13/2023	Cells can generate energy by converting {{c2::glucose}} to {{c2::pyruvic acid}} via {{c1::glycolysis}}.
Published	12/13/2023	In the {{c2::presence::absence/presence}} of oxygen, pyruvate is oxidized to {{c1::Acetyl-CoA}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The walls of the bronchioles are almost entirely comprised of {{c1::smooth muscle}}.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c2::Acidosis::acidosis/alkalosis}} and {{c1::hyper}}capnia are pulmonary vasoconstrictors.
Published	12/13/2023	For every 1% increase in shunt, the A-a gradient increases by {{c1::20}} mmHg.
Published	12/13/2023	The normal respiratory quotient (R) is {{c1::0.8}}.
Published	12/13/2023	In fetuses, lung maturity can be hastened with the use of {{c1::betamethasone::corticosteroid}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What lung volume cannot be measured by spirometry?{{c1::Residual volume}}
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