Notes in Dyslipidemias

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Published	10/16/2023	Dyslipidemia - elevation of plasma {{c3::cholesterol}}, {{c3::triglycerides (TGs)}}, or both - a low {{c1::high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (…
Published	10/16/2023	Risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD)- High {{c1::LDL}} - Low {{c1::HDL}}*both independent risk factors- desirable total cholesterol is <{{…
Published	10/19/2023	Lipids*mainly consist of {{c1::cholesterol}} and {{c1::triglycerides}}- {{c4::cholesterol}}: not an {{c5::energy}} source but used to make b…
Published	10/16/2023	Dietary guidelines - recommend limiting cholesterol to {{c1::300}} milligrams per day- but more important for a person to concentrate on reducing fo…
Published	10/16/2023	{{c2::cardiovascular disease (CVD)}} is the leading cause of death among adults in the US→ people with hyperlipidemia are at roughly {{c1::twice}} the…
Published	10/19/2023	- since lipids are not soluble in water, we transport them in {{c1::lipid vesicles}}*each are coated with proteins called {{c2::apolipoproteins}}{{c9:…
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Published	10/16/2023	General structure of plasma lipid particles- many {{c1::apolipoproteins}} facing outside: Apo{{c2::A}}, Apo{{c2::B}}, Apo{{c2::C}}, Apo{{c2::E}}- oute…
Published	10/16/2023	Dyslipidemias are diagnosed with a {{c1::lipid profile}}- costs about ${{c2::250}} without insurance- Total cholesterol in adults: norm…
Published	10/16/2023	Higher plasma cholesterol levels = greater {{c2::cardiovascular}} incidents... eventually greater death rate- most of the plasma cholesterol is in the…
Published	10/16/2023	Conversion of LDL to plaque formation in blood vessels- high cellular cholesterol levels → less LDL {{c1::receptors}} → more LDL present (the apolipop…
Published	10/25/2023	APO-B protein- normal liver cell membrane contain {{c3::LDL receptor}} → recognizes {{c4::APO-B}} protein that coats LDL particles → endocytosis …
Published	10/19/2023	Familial hypercholesterolemia- caused by mutations in {{c1::APOB}}, {{c2::LDLR}}, {{c3::LDLRAP1}}, or {{c6::PCSK9}} gene → {{c1::APOB (Apolipoprotein…
Published	10/19/2023	Biosynthesis of cholesterol - cholesterol is made from {{c1::acetate}}{{c2::1/3}} comes from diet and {{c2::2/3}} is made inside our body{{c4::liver…
Published	10/16/2023	Best ways to lower cholesterol and triglycerides:- exercise regularly, lose weight → lowers calories → less conversion into TAGs and cholesterol …
Published	10/25/2023	Lipid-lowering drugs- {{c1::statins}}: #1 lipid-lowering medication, inhibit cholesterol {{c16::synthesis}} but also upregulates {{c17::LDL receptors}…
Published	10/16/2023	{{c4::Secondary}} lipid-lowering drugs*after statins, fish oils, orlistat, niacin, fibrates- {{c1::ezetimibe}}: prevents cholesterol absorption i…
Published	10/16/2023	Statins really work to reduce {{c1::LDL}} cholesterol and TAGs and increase {{c1::HDL}} cholesterol in patients → results in significantly decrea…
Published	10/16/2023	Atherosclerosis...- might be {{c1::reversible}}: extreme dietary changes (starving to death) can cause atherosclerosis to melt away- but realistically…
Published	10/16/2023	mechanism of {{c1::fish oils}} in reducing plasma triglycerides is not clear
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