Notes in LE026 Thrombosis

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Published	10/09/2024	{{c2::Thrombosis}} is pathologic formation of blood clots which may be attributed to:{{c1::3 factors according to Virchow's triad:endothelial injuryhy…
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Arterial}} thrombosis occurs during:myocardial infarctionstrokeperipheral arterial diseasewherein there is {{c2::white}} thrombus because of {{c…
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Venous thromboembolism (VTE)}} occurs during:pulmonary embolismdeep venous thrombosisthere is {{c2::red}} thrombus due to {{c3::fibrin plug}}
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)}} = blood clot in deep veins{{c2::Proximal}} DVT (in vein above popliteal vein) has higher risk of clot breaki…
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::DVT (deep vein thrombosis)}} signs and symptoms:paintendernessswelling (one leg bigger than other)palpable corddiscoloration (red/purple hue)pro…
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Pulmonary embolism}} = blood clot in the pulmonary arteries (mostly arise from blood clot traveling from legs)saddle and segmental {{c2::PE}} is…
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Pulmonary embolism}} signs and symptoms:shortness of breathhypoxemiatachycardiapleuritic chest paincough, hemoptysisright-sided heart failurehyp…
Published	10/09/2024	PE and DVT patients are both treated with {{c1::anticoagulation}}PE patient may have long term chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, DVT pati…
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Venous thromboembolism}} (includes DVT and PE) diagnosis via:history{{c3::Wells}} scores for DVT and PElab testing{{c2::D-dimer}} (byproduct of …
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Thrombophilias}}disorders that give rise to increased tendency towards thrombosisinherited or acquiredpredominantly venous, some may be arterial…
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Factor V Leiden}}= most common heritable thrombophiliamechanism:normally Protein {{c2::C}} and Protein {{c3::S}} together form {{c4::activated P…
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Factor V Leiden (FVL)}} clinical presentation:DVT more often than PE sometimes arterial thrombosispatient on hormone therapy (contraception…
Published	10/09/2024	Risk of VTE when FVL mutation is:heterzygous: {{c1::4-8}} x normalhomozygous: {{c2::80}} x normal VTE risk in FVL associates with {{c3::estrogen}…
Published	10/09/2024	{{c3::FVL}} testing:{{c1::APC (activated protein C)}} resistance assay but don't test when there is {{c2::acute clot}} since it'll change resultsmolec…
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Prothrombin gene mutation G20210A}}2nd most common heritable thrombophiliamutation makes it more difficult for antithrombin to inhibit prothromb…
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Prothrombin gene mutation G20210A (PTGM)}} clinical presentation:VTEarterial thrombosis maybe
Published	10/09/2024	VTE risk for patient if PTGM is:{{c1::heterozygous}}: 2-4 x normal{{c2::homozygous}}: variableNOTE if patient is heterzygous for PTGM and FVL mutation…
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Antithrombin}} deficiencyvery rarenormally inhibits coagulation cascade
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Antithrombin deficiency}} clinical presentation:VTEheparin resistance (heparin binds antithrombin to increase its activity)
Published	10/09/2024	Antithrombin deficiency testing via:antithrombin {{c1::antigen}} and {{c2::activity}} levels but don't test {{c3::activity}} levels when during acute …
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Protein C and S deficiency}} clinical presentation:VTE (7 x risk than normal)neonatal purpura fluminansWarfarin skin necrosis (first 5 days of w…
Published	10/09/2024	Protein C and Protein S deficiency testing:test {{c1::antigen}} and {{c2::activity}} levels just not during {{c3::clot or anticoagulation treatment&nb…
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS)}}autoimmune condition wherein antibodies cause thrombosisclinical presentationthrombosis: VTE, arterial…
Published	10/09/2024	Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) testing:{{c1::lupus anticoagulant}}dilute russell viper venome time (dRVVT) or PTT-LAphospholipid neutralizat…
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