Notes in 10_Metabolic Bone Diseases

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Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Paget’s Disease}} is a {{c2::chronic remodelling disorder of bone that results in abnormal bone architecture}}
Published	02/10/2024	Symptoms of {{c2::Paget’s Disease}} {{c1::Patient >40 yrs}} {{c1::Isolated raised serum ALP (alkaline phosphatase)}} {{c1::Bone pain with bone defo…
Published	02/10/2024	Pathogenesis of Paget’s Disease {{c1::Localised disorder of bone turnover}} {{c1::Increased bone resorption followed by increased bone formation}} Lea…
Published	02/10/2024	Treatment of Paget’s Disease {{c1::No evidence to treat asymptomatic Paget’s unless in skull or area requiring surgical intervention}} {{c1::DO NOT tr…
Published	02/10/2024	First-line treatment of Paget’s Disease is {{c1::IV Bisphosphonates (one off zoledronic acid infusion)}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Rickets}} is a metabolic bone disorder in children which is characterised by low mineral bone content and deficient vitamin D, this leads to sof…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Rickets}} {{c1::Growing child}} {{c1::Vitamin D or Calcium deficiency}} {{c1::Bone pain}} {{c1::Muscle weakness}}
Published	02/10/2024	Pathogenesis of Rickets{{c1::Severe nutritional vitamin D or Calcium deficiency causing insufficient mineralisation}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Osteomalacia}} is a metabolic bone disorder in adults which is characterised by low mineral bone content and deficient vitamin D, this leads to …
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c1::Osteomalacia}} {{c2::Adult}} {{c2::Vitamin D or Calcium deficiency}} {{c2::Bone pain}} {{c2::Muscle weakness}}
Published	02/10/2024	Pathogenesis of Osteomalacia{{c1::Severe nutritional vitamin D or Calcium deficiency causing insufficient mineralisation when the epiphyseal lines are…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Osteogenesis Imperfecta}} is a {{c2::genetic disorder of connective tissue characterised by fragile bones from mild trauma and even acts of dail…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c1::Osteogenesis Imperfecta}} {{c2::Prenatal fatal symptoms}} {{c2::Early osteoporosis in 40s}} {{c2::Growth deficiency}} {{c2::Defe…
Published	02/10/2024	The most common defects in T1 collagen in Osteogenesis Imperfecta (4)Type {{c1::1}}: {{c2::milder form-when child starts to walk and can present in ad…
Published	02/10/2024	Score used for Osteogenesis Imperfecta{{c1::The Beighton score}} ‒ out of 5.
Published	02/10/2024	Treatment of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI){{c1::Surgery}} to treat fractures
Published	02/10/2024	Preventative Management of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI){{c1::IV Bisphosphonates}} to prevent fracture
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Osteoporosis}} is a metabolic bone disease characterised by {{c2::low bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue, leadi…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of Osteoporosis{{c1::Weak bones}}{{c1::Increased risk of fracture}}
Published	02/10/2024	Scores used to assess risk of fracture in Osteoporosis{{c1::FRAX — WHO Fracture Risk Assessment Tool}} {{c1::Q Fracture}}
Published	02/10/2024	Endocrine causes of Osteoporosis {{c1::Thyrotoxicosis}} {{c1::Hyper/Hypoparathyroidism}} {{c1::Cushing’s}} {{c1::Hyperprolactinaemia}} {{c1::Hypopitui…
Published	02/10/2024	Rheumatic causes of Osteoporosis {{c1::Rheumatoid arthritis}} {{c1::Ankylosing Spondylitis}} {{c1::Polymyalgia Rheumatica}}
Published	02/10/2024	GI causes of Osteoporosis{{c1::Inflammatory diseases: UC and crohn's}} {{c1::Liver diseases: PBC, CAH, Alcoholic cirrhosis, Viral cirrhosis (Hep C)}} …
Published	02/10/2024	Medication causes of Osteoporosis{{c1::Steroids}} {{c1::PPI}} {{c1::Enzyme inducting antiepileptic medications}} {{c1::Aromatase inhibitors}} {{c1::Gn…
Published	02/10/2024	Investigation of Osteoporosis{{c1::DEXA bone scan (Dual-Energy Xray Absorptiometry)}} which measures the Bone Mineral Density
Published	02/10/2024	A T-Score result on DEXA bone scan less than {{c1::<-2.5 SDs}} is diagnostic of {{c2::Osteoporosis}}
Published	02/10/2024	When should an individual be referred for DEXA scan? {{c1::If the Q Fracture/FRAX score is significant (>10% risk of osteoporotic fracture over 10 …
Published	02/10/2024	Preventative measures of Osteoporotic Fractures Minimise risk factors {{c1::Reduce alcohol and smoking}} {{c1::Reduce steroids}} Ensure good {{c1::…
Published	02/10/2024	First-line treatment of Osteoporosis {{c1::Oral Bisphosphonates e.g. Alendronate, Risedronate}} They interfere with osteoclasts and reduce their acti…
Published	02/10/2024	Methods used for treatment of Osteoporosis{{c1::Oral Bisphosphonates (e.g. Alendronate)}}{{c1::Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)}}{{c1::Selective Oest…
Published	02/10/2024	Why must you give an alternative treatment immediately if Denosumab is stopped for treatment of Osteoporosis?{{c1::Rebound fracture risk}}
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