Notes in Valvular Dysfunction LECTURE 34

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	01/07/2025	stenosis = {{c1::narrowing}}regurgitation = {{c1::leaky}}
Published	01/07/2025	common causes of valvular diseased{{c1::egenerative}}c{{c1::ongenital}}r{{c1::heumatic}} disease (after rheumatic fever)infective {{c1::endocardi…
Published	01/07/2025	what is the most common cause of aortic stenosis?{{c1::degenerative (age related)}}
Published	01/07/2025	what is the most common cause for aortic regurgitation?{{c1::degenerative (age-related)}}
Published	01/07/2025	what is the most common cause for mitral stenosis?{{c1::rheumatic}}
Published	01/07/2025	what is the most common cause for mitral regurgitation?{{c1::degenerative (age-related)}}
Published	01/07/2025	symptoms of heart valve disease{{c1::breathlessness}}{{c1::lightheadedness}}{{c1::chest pain}}
Published	01/07/2025	heart sounds{{c1::S1: mitral and tricuspid}} valves close - low pitched {{c1::LUB}} - start of systole{{c1::S2: aortic and pulmonary}} …
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Published	01/07/2025	investigations (valvular dysfunction){{c1::}}
Published	01/07/2025	aortic valve{{c1::semi-lunar}} valve between {{c1::LV and aorta}}3 cusps: {{c1::left coronary, right coronary, non-coronary}}attached to fibrous …
Published	01/07/2025	aortic stenosis{{c1::LV}} is working harder to overcome the {{c1::narrowing}} of the valvepressure {{c1::greater}} than in aorta
Published	01/07/2025	signs of aortic stenosislow {{c1::volume}}, slow {{c1::rising}} pulseforceful impulse at {{c1::apex}}soft {{c1::second}} heart sound (d…
Published	01/07/2025	how would left ventricular hypertrophy present on an ECG?{{c1::tall}} complexes{{c1::lateral T}} wave inversionhow would left bundle branch …
Published	01/07/2025	which condition is significant in aortic stenosis (and can be seen on ECG)?{{c1::LV hypertrophy}}
Published	01/07/2025	what do you look for in an echocardiogram (diagnosis of aortic stenosis)?aortic valve {{c1::calcification}}LV {{c1::hypertrophy}}{{c1::bicuspid?}}{{c1…
Published	01/07/2025	aortic stenosis treatmentsymptomatic patients need a new {{c1::valve}}holding maneuver: {{c1::diuretics}} for breathlessness, {{c1::beta-blockers…
Published	01/07/2025	aortic stenosis - surgical intervention{{c1::surgical valve}} replacement (AVR){{c1::tissue/mechanical}} valve (need warfarin)younger patien…
Published	01/07/2025	which valve condition causes early-diastolic murmur?{{c1::AR}}
Published	01/07/2025	which valve condition causes a mid-diastolic murmur?{{c1::MS}}
Published	01/07/2025	which valve condition causes a pan-systolic murmur?{{c1::MR}}
Published	01/07/2025	mitral valvebetween {{c1::LA and LV}}{{c1::2}} leaflets: anterior/posteriorleaflet tips attached to LV muscle: by {{c1::chordae and papillary mus…
Published	01/07/2025	which condition is most common indication for valve surgery?{{c1::Aortic Stenosis}}
Published	01/07/2025	which condition is second most common indication for valve surgery?{{c1::mitral regurgitation}}
Published	01/07/2025	causes of mitral valve regurgitation{{c1::congenital}} valve leaflet prolapsechordal/papillary muscle {{c1::rupture}} (acute MI)infective {{…
Published	01/07/2025	what are the effects of MR?volume overload of LV = {{c1::LV dilation}}volume overload of LA = {{c1::LA dilation}} and {{c1::atrial}} rhythm …
Published	01/07/2025	signs of mitral regurgitationdisplaced, forceful {{c1::apex}} beatpalpable {{c1::parasternal}} impulse{{c1::pansystolic}} murmur -…
Published	01/07/2025	mitral regurgitaiton on an ECG:broad {{c1::P}} waves - LA dilationLV hypertrophy: {{c1::tall}} complexes, lateral {{c1::T}} wave invers…
Published	01/07/2025	what do you look for in an echocardiogram (diagnosis of mitral regurgitation)?{{c1::LV & LA}} dilation{{c1::mitral valve}}: prolapse/chordal ruptu…
Published	01/07/2025	mitral regurgitation treatmentsymptomatic patients need a new {{c1::valve}}holding maneuver: {{c1::diuretic}} for breathlessness, {{c1::ACE-I}}&n…
Published	01/07/2025	mitral regurgitation - surgical intervention{{c1::surgical}} valve replacement: treatment of choice, minimally invasivesurgical valve replacement…
Published	01/07/2025	aortic regurgitation{{c1::leaflets}} fail to close completelyblood leaks back from {{c1::aorta into LV}} (in diastole){{c1::LV}} volume…
Published	01/07/2025	causes of aortic regurgitation{{c1::valvular}}: bicuspid valve, infective endocarditis, rheumatic{{c1::aortic}} disease: hypertension, aortic dis…
Published	01/07/2025	signs of aortic regurgitationpulse: {{c1::large volume and collapsing}}high {{c1::systolic}}, low {{c1::diastolic}} BPdisplaced forceful {{c1::ap…
Published	01/07/2025	aortic regurgitation - ECG and echocardiogramECG: LV {{c1::hypertrophy}}Echo: {{c1::bicuspid valve?/aortic dilation/LV dilation, dysfunction}}
Published	01/07/2025	aortic regurgitation treatmentsymptomatic patients need a new {{c1::valve}}holding maneuver: {{c1::diuretic}} for breathlessness/ {{c1::ACE-I}}&n…
Published	01/07/2025	mitral stenosis causesr{{c1::heumatic}}d{{c1::egenerative}}c{{c1::ongenital}}
Published	01/07/2025	mitral stenosis effects:{{c1::leaflet}} thickening and fusionpressure overload on {{c1::LA}} (=AF) and {{c1::pulmonary}} hypertensionca…
Published	01/07/2025	signs of mitral stenosisloud {{c1::1st}} heart soundparasternal {{c1::heave}} (RV+)low pitched rumbling mid/late {{c1::diastolic}} murm…
Published	01/07/2025	mitral stenosis - ECG and echocardiogramECG: P mitrale (big, M shaped p waves) = {{c1::atrial fibrillation}}echo: commisural fusion +/- calcification/…
Published	01/07/2025	mitral stenosis - treatment{{c1::surgical}} only for patients who remain symptomatic despite medical Rx{{c1::diuretics}} for breathlessness/…
Published	01/07/2025	mitral stenosis surgical intervention{{c1::surgical}} valve replacement (MVR) = {{c1::mechanical/tissues}}{{c1::trans-catheter balloon valvotomy}…
Published	01/07/2025	tricuspid valve:1. {{c1::regurgitation}}: common but rarely primary pathologyusually secondary to {{c1::annular dilation}} <= left heart disea…
Published	01/07/2025	Pulmonary valve1. Pulmonary {{c1::stenosis}}: uncommon  type: Usually {{c1::congenital}} Rx: {{c1::transcatheter}} balloon dilation (as child) 2.…
Published	01/07/2025	b95cce06d9f54d8ba21585a6b5d5aa49-ao-1
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Published	01/07/2025	epidemiology of Aortic Stenosis:commonest severe valve abnormality in Westcommonest indication for valve surgery50% degeneration of tricuspi…
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