Notes in L18 Multisystem infections 4

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	08/26/2023	What is the most common etiology of Mononucleosis?{{c1::EBV}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Mononucleosis}} is a complication of EBV infection that presents withfever, hepatosplenomegaly, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy.
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Mononucleosis}} is a disease caused by EBV that is also commonlyreferred to as "kissing disease" as it is often seen in teens and young adults.
Published	08/26/2023	Where is EBV latent?{{c1::B cells}}
Published	08/26/2023	Which receptor does EBV use to enter B cells?{{c1::CD21 (C3d; CR2)}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::EBV}} is a Herpesvirus that can give rise to atypical lymphocytes (Downey Cells) on a peripheral blood smear.
Published	08/26/2023	Which diagnostic test is used to detect EBV infection?{{c1::Monospot Test}}
Published	08/26/2023	The {{c1::Monospot Test}} is a diagnostic test that detects the heterophile antibodies seen in EBV infection via agglutination of sheep or horse RBCs.
Published	08/26/2023	Which Herpesvirus is associated with Hodgkin Lymphoma?{{c1::EBV}}
Published	08/26/2023	Which Herpesvirus is associated with endemic Burkitt Lymphoma?{{c1::EBV}}
Published	08/26/2023	Which Herpesvirus is associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma?{{c1::EBV}}
Published	08/26/2023	Which Herpesvirus causes Mononucleosis with a {{c2::negative}} Monospot test?{{c1::CMV}}
Published	08/26/2023	Which Herpesvirus is associated with causing retinitis in immunocompromised patients?{{c1::CMV}}
Published	08/26/2023	Which Herpesvirus is associated with characteristic Owl's Eye inclusions in infected cells?{{c1::CMV}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::CMV}} is a Herpesvirus that is latent in mononuclear cells.
Published	08/26/2023	Which serological antigen from EBV is produced if the infection is active and productive?{{c1::Viral Capsid Antigen (VCA)}}
Published	08/26/2023	Which serological antigen from EBV is seen in latent infection?{{c1::Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen (EBNA)}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen (EBNA)}} is a serological antigenfrom EBV that contributes to Hodgkin's or Burkitt's Lymphoma.
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Hairy Leukoplakia}} is a dermatological infection caused by{{c2::EBV}} that commonly presents on the lateral tongue.
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::CMV}} is a Herpesvirus that causes retinitis in HIV patients that presents with cotton-wool spots on fundoscopy.
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Esophagitis}} and {{c2::Colitis}} are GI complications that are often seen alongside CMV Retinitis in immunosuppressed patients.
Published	08/26/2023	What CD4+ cell count is associated with CMV retinitis in HIV patients?{{c1::< 50 cells/mm3}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Primary B-cell CNS Lymphoma}} is a Lymphoma often associated with EBV thatcan present as focal/solitary lesions, thereby differentiating it from…
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::CMV}} is a Herpesvirus that causes interstitial pneumonia in HIV patients.
Published	08/26/2023	How is CMV transmitted?{{c1::Sexual contact}}; {{c2::Organ transplant}}; {{c3::Vertically through placenta}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Rubella}}, Toxoplasma, and {{c2::CMV}} are 3 ToRCHeS infections that are associated with a "blueberry muffin" rash.
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::CMV}} is a ToRCHeS infection that presents with hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash and a "blueberry muffin" rash.
Published	08/26/2023	Which Herpesvirus is associated with infecting an organ transplant recipient?{{c1::CMV}}
Published	08/26/2023	Dilated cardiomyopathy may be caused by myocarditis, secondary to {{c1::coxsackie B}} infection
Published	08/26/2023	Myocarditis, secondary to {{c2::coxsackie B}} infection, is characterized by a {{c1::lymphocytic}} infiltrate in the myocardium
Published	08/26/2023	Acute {{c1::pericarditis}} is defined as inflammation of the pericardium
Published	08/26/2023	IgM-mediated hemolytic anemia is commonly associated with {{c1::Mycoplasma pneumoniae}} infection and {{c2::infectious mononucleosis}}
Published	08/26/2023	Infectious mononucleosis most commonly occurs due to an {{c1::EBV}} infection
Published	08/26/2023	Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is transmitted by {{c1::saliva ("kissing disease")}}
Published	08/26/2023	What demographic is associated with infectious mononucleosis due to EBV infection?{{c1::Teenagers::age group}}
Published	08/26/2023	Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) primarily infects the {{c1::oropharynx}}, {{c2::liver}}, and {{c3::B cells}}
Published	08/26/2023	EBV infection results in lymphocytosis comprised of reactive CD{{c1::8}}+ T cells
Published	08/26/2023	The CD8+ T-cell response in EBV infection leads to {{c1::spleno}}-megaly
Published	08/26/2023	Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) remains dormant in {{c1::B}} cells, which increases risk for {{c2::lymphoma}}, especially if immunodeficiency develops (e.g. …
Published	08/26/2023	A {{c2::negative}} monospot test with symptoms of infectious mononucleosis suggests {{c1::CMV}} infection
Published	08/26/2023	Hairy leukoplakia is a squamous cell hyperplasia (not dysplasia) induced by {{c1::EBV}} infection
Published	08/26/2023	Starry sky appearance on histology, large jaw lesion and swellingAssoc. with EBV{{c1::Endemic (african) Burkitt Lymphoma}}
Published	08/26/2023	Reactivation of which virus is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma?{{c1::EBV}}
Published	08/26/2023	Epstein-Barr Virus is part of the {{c1::herpesvirus}} family
Published	08/26/2023	Epstein-Barr Virus is {{c4::icosahedral::helical or icosahedral}}
Published	08/26/2023	Epstein-Barr Virus is {{c3::enveloped::naked or enveloped}}
Published	08/26/2023	Epstein-Barr Virus is {{c2::linear::circular or linear}}
Published	08/26/2023	Epstein-Barr Virus is a {{c1::dsD}}NA virus
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Epstein-Barr Virus}} causes monospot positive infectious mononucleosis
Published	08/26/2023	Epstein-Barr Virus is primarily transmitted through {{c1::saliva}} or respiratory secretions
Published	08/26/2023	Epstein-Barr Virus is associated with fever, {{c1::post}}-erior {{c1::cervical}} lymphadenopathy, {{c2::pharyngitis}}, and hepatosplenomegaly.
Published	08/26/2023	{{c3::Epstein-Barr}} Virus is associated with {{c2::Downey type II atypical CD8+ cytotoxic T::very specific}} cells on blood smear
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Downey type II}} T-cells are atypical CD{{c2::8}}+ {{c2::cytotoxic}} T-cells seen on a blood smear of Epstein-Barr Virus
Published	08/26/2023	Atypical (Downey type II) T cells are unusually large T cells with {{c1::baso}}-philic, vacuolated cytoplasm and lobulated {{c1::nucleus}}.
Published	08/26/2023	Epstein-Barr Virus first infects the {{c1::oropharynx}} epithelium
Published	08/26/2023	T-cell proliferation in Epstein-Barr Virus results in {{c1::(hepato)splenomegaly}}
Published	08/26/2023	Epstein-Barr Virus remains latent in {{c1::B-cells}}
Published	08/26/2023	Epstein-Barr virus binds to {{c1::CD21 (C3d receptor; CR2)}} on B-cells,causing B-cell proliferation and {{c2::heterophile antibody}} production
Published	08/26/2023	The B-cell CD21 is the receptor for complement protein {{c1::C3d}}
Published	08/26/2023	Because of splenomegaly, patients with {{c2::mononucleosis (EBV)}} are advisedto avoid contact sports (ie: football) for danger of splenic {{c1::ruptu…
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Epstein-Barr}} Virus can result in pharyngitis with tonsillar exudates
Published	08/26/2023	Which cause of pharyngitis is more commonly seen in children and adolescents?{{c1::Strep pyogenes (GAS)}}
Published	08/26/2023	Which cause of pharyngitis is more commonly seen in late teens and adults?{{c1::EBV (infectious mononucleosis)}}
Published	08/26/2023	If patients with {{c1::Epstein-Barr Virus}} are given {{c2::aminopenicillins (amoxicillin, ampicillin)}},a maculopapular rash will develop days to wee…
Published	08/26/2023	EBV causes heterophile-{{c1::positive}} mononucleosis
Published	08/26/2023	CMV causes heterophile-{{c1::negative}} mononucleosis
Published	08/26/2023	What virus can predispose individuals to oral hairy leukoplakia in the setting of immunosuppression (ie: HIV)?{{c1::EBV}}
Published	08/26/2023	Epstein-Barr Virus is strongly associated with the {{c2::mixed cellularity}} and {{c3::lymphocyte depleted}} subtypes of {{c1::Hodgkin’s lymphoma}}
Published	08/26/2023	Which virus is strongly associated with themixed cellularity and lymphocyte depleted subtype of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?{{c1::Epstein-Barr Virus}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c2::Hodgkin's lymphoma}} consists of malignant "{{c1::Reed-Sternberg}}" cells surrounded by inflammatory cells
Published	08/26/2023	Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma are of {{c1::B}}-cell origin
Published	08/26/2023	Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma are CD{{c1::15}}+ and CD{{c1::30}}+
Published	08/26/2023	{{c2::Reed-Sternberg}} cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma are {{c1::bi}}-nucleate with prominent nucleoi ("{{c1::owl eyes}}")
Published	08/26/2023	Hodgkin's lymphoma {{c1::mixed cellularity}} type has the most Reed-Sternberg cells
Published	08/26/2023	Hodgkin's lymphoma caused by EBV presents as a {{c1::mediastinal}} mass or {{c2::nontender::tender or nontender}} lymphadenopathy
Published	08/26/2023	Epstein-Barr Virus is associated with the {{c1::endemic (African)}} form of Burkitt’s lymphoma
Published	08/26/2023	What virus is associated with the endemic (African) form of Burkitt’s lymphoma?{{c1::Epstein-Barr Virus}}
Published	08/26/2023	What complication of Epstein-Barr Virus can present with a large jaw lesion and swelling?{{c1::Endemic (African) Burkitt lymphoma}}
Published	08/26/2023	Which form of Burkitt's lymphoma presents as a mass on the jaw or face?{{c1::Endemic (African)}}
Published	08/26/2023	Which form of Burkitt's lymphoma presents as an abdominal mass?{{c1::Non-endemic (sporadic form)}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Nasopharyngeal}} carcinoma is a complication of {{c2::Epstein-Barr}} Virus in patients of Asian descent
Published	08/26/2023	What demographic is associated with Nasopharyngeal carcinoma that arises from EBV?{{c1::Asians}}
Published	08/26/2023	What virus causes agglutination of sheep or horse RBCs?{{c1::Epstein-Barr Virus}}
Published	08/26/2023	The monospot test for EBV looks for heterophile {{c1::anti-sheep/horse RBC}} antibodies
Published	08/26/2023	Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is part of the {{c1::herpesvirus}} family
Published	08/26/2023	Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is {{c4::icosahedral::helical or icosahedral}}
Published	08/26/2023	Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is {{c3::enveloped::naked or enveloped}}
Published	08/26/2023	Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is {{c2::linear::circular or linear}}
Published	08/26/2023	Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a {{c1::dsD}}NA virus
Published	08/26/2023	Which Herpesvirus remains latent in B & T cells (lymphocytes) and macrophages?{{c1::CMV}}
Published	08/26/2023	Reactivation of CMV from mononuclear cells occurs via {{c1::immunosuppression (organ transplant, AIDS patients)}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::CMV}} is the most common congenital infection (developed world)
Published	08/26/2023	Similar to Rubella, {{c1::CMV}} can present with a "blueberry muffin" rash
Published	08/26/2023	The blueberry muffin rash of CMV and Rubella is due to dermal {{c1::erythropoiesis}}
Published	08/26/2023	CMV in newborns can present with blueberry muffin rash, {{c1::hepatosplenomegaly}} and {{c2::jaundice}}
Published	08/26/2023	Sensorineural deafness is a complication of which congenital (ToRCHeS) infections?{{c1::CMV; Rubella; Toxoplasmosis; Syphilis::4}}
Published	08/26/2023	Severe, permanent symptoms of congenital{{c1::CMV}} infection are remembered via the mnemonic {{c2::MR DICS}}
Published	08/26/2023	Severe, permanent symptoms of congenitalCMV infection are remembered via the mnemonic MR DICS{{c3::Microcephaly}}{{c4::Mental Retardation}}{{c5::Deafn…
Published	08/26/2023	CMV can result in {{c1::ventriculo}}-megaly on head CT scans
Published	08/26/2023	CMV can present with {{c1::periventricular}} calcifications in the brain
Published	08/26/2023	What viral infection can present with ventriculomegaly, microcephaly and periventricular calcifications in the brain?{{c1::CMV}}
Published	08/26/2023	Changes in brain structure associated with CMV can result in mental retardation and {{c1::seizures}}
Published	08/26/2023	What percentage of neonates congenitally infected with CMV are asymptomatic?{{c1::80-90%}}
Published	08/26/2023	Which trimester is associated with the highest risk of congenital CMV?{{c1::1st trimester*}}
Published	08/26/2023	CMV can result in {{c1::hydrops fetalis}}, which commonly leads to spontaneous abortion
Published	08/26/2023	What is the most common cause of viral-associated intellectual disability (in the US)?{{c1::CMV}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::CMV}} is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss
Published	08/26/2023	Reactivation of CMV occurs in the immunosuppressed, such as {{c1::organ transplant}} and AIDS patients
Published	08/26/2023	Organ transplant patients are at an increased risk of CMV {{c1::pneumonia}}
Published	08/26/2023	How is CMV detected in organ transplant patients?{{c1::Buffy coat culture (WBCs)}}
Published	08/26/2023	AIDS patients are at risk for CMV infections when their CD4 count is {{c1::< 50}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c2::Cotton wool spots}} and a "pizza pie" description on fundoscopyare characteristic of what viral infection complication?{{c1::CMV retinitis}…
Published	08/26/2023	Esophagitis with linear ulcerations is characteristic of what viral infection?{{c1::CMV}}
Published	08/26/2023	Esophagitis with {{c1::linear}} ulcerations is characteristic of CMV
Published	08/26/2023	Esophagitis with {{c1::"punched-out"}} ulcerations is characteristic of HSV-1
Published	08/26/2023	CMV can present with inclusion bodies said to look like {{c1::"owl's eyes"}}
Published	08/26/2023	Treatment for CMV includes {{c1::Ganciclovir}}, Valganciclovir or Foscarnet/cidofovir
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Foscarnet}} or {{c1::cidofovir}} are used to treat ganciclovir-resistant CMV infections
Published	08/26/2023	Resistance in CMV to ganciclovir occurs with mutations in the {{c1::UL97}} gene
Published	08/26/2023	Which Herpesvirus causes Mononucleosis with a positive Monospot test?{{c1::EBV}}
Published	08/26/2023	Which Herpesvirus infection can result in Cauda equina syndrome in HIV/AIDS patients?{{c1::CMV}}
Published	08/26/2023	CMV infects white blood cells and blocks expression of {{c1::MHC I}}, inhibiting cytotoxic T-cell killing.
Published	08/26/2023	Which Herpesvirus inhibits expression of MHC I in infected cells?{{c1::CMV}}
Published	08/26/2023	Which Herpesvirus can present with ventriculomegaly?{{c1::CMV}}
Published	08/26/2023	Organ transplant patients are at an increased risk of pneumonia from which herpesvirus?{{c1::CMV}}
Published	08/26/2023	What Herpesvirus can result in colitis with ulcerated walls?{{c1::CMV}}
Published	08/26/2023	Which Herpesvirus can result in esophagitis with linear ulcerations?{{c1::CMV}}
Published	08/26/2023	What is the likely diagnosis in a young adult that presents with two-days of sore throat, enlarged/erythematous tonsils, lymphadenopathy, and splenome…
Published	08/26/2023	What is the likely causative organism in a patient that presents with fever and mild pharyngeal erythema without lymphadenopathy? A heterophile antibo…
Published	08/26/2023	EBV is associated with {{c1::CNS lymphoma}}, especially in AIDS patients
Published	08/26/2023	Viruses such as EBV, HHV-8, HBV/HCV, etc are said to be {{c1::oncogenic}} viruses due to them causing cancer
Published	08/26/2023	Tapeworms are officially known as {{c1::cestodes}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Echinococcus granulosus}} is a dog (and sheep) tapeworm
Published	08/26/2023	Echinococcus granulosus is transmitted via {{c1::dog}} feces
Published	08/26/2023	{{c2::Echinococcus granulosus}} is a helminth that can form '{{c1::hydatid cysts}}' in the liver, lungs or brain
Published	08/26/2023	Imaging of the helminth {{c2::Echinococcus granulosus}} reveals hydatid cysts with'{{c1::eggshell}}' calcifications, most commonly in the {{c1::liver}…
Published	08/26/2023	Rupture of Echinococcus granulosus cysts results in {{c1::anaphylaxis}} and spread of infection
Published	08/26/2023	Which hematologic complication arises from Echinococcus granulosus infection?{{c1::Eosinophilia}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Echinococcus::Entamoeba histolytica or Echinococcus}} presents as a mass in the liver that is treated surgically
Published	08/26/2023	Echinococcus granulosus cysts are injected with {{c1::ethanol}} during surgery to kill larvae and prevent spread/anaphylaxis
Published	08/26/2023	What type of virus is coxsackievirus?{{c1::Positive sense RNA::DNA, RNA (sense), etc}}
Published	08/26/2023	Is Coxsackievirus enveloped?{{c1::No (naked)}}
Published	08/26/2023	What is the route of transmission of Coxsackievirus?{{c1::Fecal-oral}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c2::Coxsackie A}} is a virus that causes {{c1::hand-foot-and-mouth}} disease
Published	08/26/2023	Coxsackievirus infection commonly occurs during the {{c1::summer}} months
Published	08/26/2023	{{c2::Coxsackie B}} is a virus that causes {{c3::myocarditis}} which progresses to {{c1::dilated}} cardiomyopathy
Published	08/26/2023	{{c2::Coxsackie B}} is a virus that causes {{c3::Bornholm's}} disease
Published	08/26/2023	What are three causes of rash on the palms and soles?{{c1::2° syphilis}}, {{c2::Rickettsia rickettsii}}, {{c3::Coxsackievirus A}}
Published	08/26/2023	Coxsackie {{c2::A}} is associated with {{c1::herpangina}} (mouth blisters)
Published	08/26/2023	Coxsackie {{c2::A}} is associated with acute hemorrhagic {{c1::conjunctivitis}}
Published	08/26/2023	Coxsackie {{c2::B}} is associated with {{c1::hepatitis::liver pathology}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c2::CMV}} is a virus that binds to cellular {{c1::integrins (heparan sulfate)}}
Published	08/26/2023	What is the likely diagnosis in a child that presents with fever, pharyngitis, and gray vesicles/ulcers on the posterior oropharynx? {{c1::HerpanginaS…
Published	08/26/2023	Congenital {{c2::CMV}} is associated with {{c1::periventricular}} calcifications.
Published	08/26/2023	What cardiac pathology can be caused by adenovirus, coxsackie B, parvovirus B19, HIV, and HHV-6?{{c1::Myocarditis}}
Published	08/26/2023	What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with a recent URI that presents with CHF, dilated ventricles with diffuse hypo…
Published	08/26/2023	What is the most commonly acquired congenital infection?{{c1::Cytomegalovirus (CMV)}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Infectious mononucleosis}} is caused by {{c3::EBV}} or CMV infecting {{c2::B-cells}} in the oropharyngeal epithelium, which …
Published	08/26/2023	What is the likely diagnosis in an afebrile farmer with RUQ pain and a smooth, round hepatic cyst with septations and eggshell calcifications on ultra…
Published	08/26/2023	Echinococcus granulosis (hydatid cysts) = {{c1::albendazole::antihelmintic drug}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c2::Coxsackie A}} is a virus that causes {{c1::hand-foot-and-mouth}} disease.
Published	08/26/2023	{{c2::Coxsackie A}} is a virus that causes {{c1::hand-foot-and-mouth}} disease.
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::EBV::CMV/EBV}} = atypical lymphocytes and positive monospot test
Published	08/26/2023	Because of splenomegaly, patients with {{c2::mononucleosis (EBV)}} are advised to avoid contact sports (eg. football) for danger of splenic {{c1::rupt…
Published	08/26/2023	Herpangina is found on the {{c2::posterior::anterior/posterior}} pharynx and is caused by {{c1::Coxsackie A virus::cause}}.
Published	08/26/2023	Flu-like symptoms followed by sudden thoracic/upper abdominal pain 2/2 coxsackievirus is suggestive of {{c1::pleurodynia::diagnosis}}
Published	08/26/2023	Which intestinal cestode is most associated with anaphylaxis?{{c1::Echinococcus granulosus(∴ Surgeons give epinephrine prior to surgical removal)}}
Published	08/26/2023	Reactive CD8+ T-cells (Downey or atypical cells) seen on blood smear in {{c1::EBV/CMV::virus}} infection
Published	08/26/2023	Coxsackie {{c2::A}} is associated with {{c1::herpangina}} (mouth blisters in the posterior pharynx)
Published	08/26/2023	A rash including the palms and soles likely indicates:{{c1::Coxsackievirus ARocky mountain spotted fever2° Syphilis::CARS}}
Published	08/26/2023	Congenital CMV is usually transmitted to mother via {{c1::body fluids (eg. saliva)::substance}}.
Published	08/26/2023	Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) primarily infects the {{c1::oropharynx}}, {{c2::liver}}, and {{c3::B cells}}.
Published	08/26/2023	A {{c2::negative}} monospot test with symptoms of infectious mononucleosis suggests {{c1::CMV}} infection.
Published	08/26/2023	EBV envelope glycoprotein binds {{c1::CD21}} to infect B-cells
Published	08/26/2023	What viral pathogens are most commonly associated with viral myocarditis?{{c1::Coxsackie BAdenovirus}}
Published	08/26/2023	What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with a recent URI that presents with CHF, dilated ventricles with diffuse hypokinesia, and low ejection frac…
Published	08/26/2023	Mononucleosis may present with increased {{c1::LFTs::lab value}} due to hepatitis and increased {{c1::lymphocytes::WBCs}}
Published	08/26/2023	How do humans typically contract an Echinococcus granulosus infection?{{c1::Consumption of food or water contaminated with dog feces}}
Published	08/26/2023	What liver pathology is associated with a single large, smooth, round cyst with daughter cysts inside?{{c1::Hydatid cysts from Echinococcus granulosis…
Published	08/26/2023	Which infection is a risk factor for mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly in the setting of EBV co-infection?{{c1::HIV}}
Published	08/26/2023	Pathogenesis of {{c1::Echindococcus granulosus }}Ingestion of {{c2::cysts}} in organs by dogs → ingestion of {{c3::eggs in feces}} by intermediat…
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Echindococcus granulosus }} = Larvae form {{c2::slow growing tumor-like}} structures laminated in a membrane → {{c3::hydatid cyst}}
Published	08/26/2023	{{c1::Echindococcus granulosus }}  {{c7::Protoscolices}} develop on brood capsules produced on the wall of cyst membrane → brood capsules &a…
Published	08/26/2023	Echindococcus granulosus definitive host = {{c1::dogs}}
Published	08/26/2023	Echindococcus granulosus intermediate host = {{c1::goat, sheep, horse, camel, cattle, swine }}
Published	08/26/2023	Echindococcus granulosus infectious form = {{c1::embryonated egg }}
Published	08/26/2023	Echindococcus granulosus diagnostic form = {{c1::hydatid cyst (larvae) }}
Published	08/26/2023	Echindococcus granulosus clinical features Silent infection up to 20 years Liver → {{c1::abd pain, mass in hepatic area, hepatomegaly, cirrhosis,…
Published	08/26/2023	Echinococcus {{c2::multilocularis}}definitive host: {{c1::Foxes}}
Published	08/26/2023	Echinococcus {{c2::multilocularis}}intermediate host: {{c1::small rodents}}
Published	08/26/2023	Echinococcus {{c2::multilocularis}} Pathogenesis Humans = dead-end hosts Larval growth in liver indefinitely proliferative → invasionIngestion → …
Published	08/26/2023	Echinococcus {{c2::multilocularis}} Pathogenesis Humans = dead-end hosts Larval growth in liver indefinitely proliferative → invasionIngestion → …
Published	08/26/2023	which echinococcus spp has can form an actual tumor and metastize = {{c1::E. Multicularis }}
Published	08/26/2023	What will be seen on abdminal  ultrasound in Dx of the Echinococcus Spp = {{c1::Rosette like honeycomb}} cyst
Published	08/26/2023	Pathogenesis of  Coxsackie Birus A & B
Published	08/26/2023	Coxsackie Virus A & B:{{c1::Secretory AB}}: can prevent initial infection of tehe oropharynx & GI
Published	08/26/2023	Coxsackie Virus A & B:{{c1::Serum  AB}}: prevents viremic spread to target tissues & thus disease
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