Notes in 02SpecialPE

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Published	07/30/2024	In inspection under ear examination, one is to palpate for {{c1::tragal tenderness}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In inspection under ear examination, one may see scars in two regions: {{c1::pre-auricular/endaural and post-auricular.}}
Published	07/30/2024	In ear inspection, one must inspect for six general things: {{c1::size, symmetry, deformity, lesions, swelling, and discharge}}.
Published	07/30/2024	An infection in the ear can affect the {{c1::facial}} nerve.
Published	07/30/2024	Using a flashlight could be an alternative in otoscopy but one would not be able to visualize the {{c1::tympanic membrane}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In otoscopy, one should use the {{c1::largest::smallest/largest}} speculum that will fit comfortably in the external auditory canal.
Published	07/30/2024	In otoscopy, one starts inspecting the {{c1::normal::normal/pathologic}} ear
Published	07/30/2024	In otoscopy of adults, gently pull the pinna {{c1::upwards and backwards:direction}} to straighten the ear canal to best visualize the tympanic membra…
Published	07/30/2024	In otoscopy of children, gently pull the pinna {{c1::downwards and backwards:direction}} to straighten the ear canal to best visualize the tympanic me…
Published	07/30/2024	The main parts to look for in an otoscopy:{{c1::Tympanic membrane, Tympanic membrane movement, Ossicles}}
Published	07/30/2024	The main ossicle visible in otoscopy is the {{c1::malleus}}, with a bit of reflection of the {{c1::incus.}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Tuning fork}} test - used to determine if the patient has conductive or sensorineural or mixed hearing loss
Published	07/30/2024	Can the tuning fork test determine hearing level?{{c1::N::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	Conductive hearing loss deals with {{c2::air}} conduction
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Weber's}} test is done to test the lateralization of sound
Published	07/30/2024	In Weber's test, if the hearing loss is {{c1::conductive}}, the sound lateralizes to the {{c2::affected}}
Published	07/30/2024	In Rinne's test, {{c1::air}} conduction is normally greater than {{c1::bone}} conduction.
Published	07/30/2024	The shown image depicts {{c1::otoscopy}} as part of ear examination.
Published	07/30/2024	The shown image depicts {{c1::Weber's}} test
Published	07/30/2024	The shown image depicts {{c1::Rinne's}} test
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Free field speech testing}} is a good screening tool for level of hearing loss.
Published	07/30/2024	In free field speech testing, the examiner rubs the {{c1::tragus::organ}} of the contralateral ear while performing this to prevent sound being h…
Published	07/30/2024	In the free field speech testing, the examiner uses {{c1::poly::mono/poly}}syllabic phrases using numbers or letters.
Published	07/30/2024	In free field speech testing, one tests the {{c1::normal::normal/pathologic}} ear first, performing in order of intensity at {{c1::60 cm or arm's leng…
Published	07/30/2024	In free field speech testing, the order of intensity used is at three levels: {{c1::whisper, conventional speech, and loud voice.}}
Published	07/30/2024	In examining the external ear using otoscope light, the examiner checks four things: {{c1::color of the skin}}, {{c1::shape of the pinna}}, {{c1::cong…
Published	07/30/2024	In otoscopy, the otoscope is inserted into the external auditory meatus to inspect for {{c1::wax discharge}}, {{c1::inflammation}}, and {{c1::other ab…
Published	07/30/2024	The normal tympanic membrane landmarks are the...handle of the {{c1::malleus}}, {{c1::light reflex}} in the anterior inferior quadrant, {{c1::par…
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Published	07/30/2024	In the completion of ear examination, the patient's hearing is assessed using the {{c1::Tuning Fork Test}} and {{c1::Audiometry}}.
Published	07/30/2024	1. Inspect External Nose.2. Examine Internal Nose.3. Palpate for Tenderness.
Published	07/30/2024	In nose examination, a flashlight will be enough to check the turbinates. {{c1::True::True or False}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::cold spatula misting}} test is used to test for nasal patency.
Published	07/30/2024	The shown image illustrates the {{c1::cold spatula missing test}} as part of nose examination
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::flashlight}} may be used to test the paranasal sinuses, where {{c2::transillumination}} is done to check for {{c3::opacity}} by illuminating t…
Published	07/30/2024	In testing for paranasal sinuses, the examiner should also palpate and check for {{c1::tenderness in the sinuses}}, as this could be indicative of {{c…
Published	07/30/2024	The shown images illustrate tests for the {{c1::paranasal sinuses}}.
Published	07/30/2024	1. Wash hands.2. Introduce yourself.3. Explain the procedure4. Obtain the patient's consent.
Published	07/30/2024	The nose must be inspected from three different viewpoints - {{c1::anterior}}, {{c2::lateral}}, and {{c3::inferior}} views.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::anterior}} view of the nose is inspected to assess the {{c2::symmetry}} and other midline structures.
Published	07/30/2024	The line of light running along the front of the nose in anterior view can be used to clinically detect any deviations. {{c1::True::True or False}}
Published	07/30/2024	The lateral view of the nose is inspected to check the {{c1::dorsum}} of the nose, and the angle made by the {{c2::columella}} and the {{c2::upper lip…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::columella}} refers to the most {{c2::anteroinferior}} portion of the {{c3::nasal septum}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The angle made by the columella and the upper lip is normally {{c1::90}} degrees in males and {{c1::110}} degrees in females.
Published	07/30/2024	In inspecting the {{c1::inferior}} view of the nose, the examinaer asks the patient to lift their head up slightly and then assesses their {{c2::colum…
Published	07/30/2024	1. Inspect all sites of the oral cavity, outside going inside.2. With a gloved hand, pull out the tongue with gauze.3. Do bimanual palpatiion until th…
Published	07/30/2024	In inspection of the oral cavity, 10 things are considered: {{c1::lips}}, {{c1::gingivobuccal area}}, {{c1::alveolus}}, {{c1::dentition}}, {{c1::floor…
Published	07/30/2024	In oral cavity inspection, the orifices of salivary glands are also checked as a stone seen in the {{c1::Wharton's duct}} in the {{c2::floor}} of the …
Published	07/30/2024	In oral cavity examination, it is important to {{c1::pull out tongue}} with gauze using a gloved hand, especially if you are suspecting {{c2::cancer o…
Published	07/30/2024	In bimanial palpation in oral cavity inspection, one hand goes {{c1::inside the mouth to palpate}}, and the other is palpating {{c1::the outside of th…
Published	07/30/2024	In bimanual palpation of the oral cavity, the hand palpating {{c2::the outside submandibular area}} is used to assess {{c1::masses that may be found i…
Published	07/30/2024	In bimanual palpation in oral cavity inspection, the hand that goes inside the mouth palpates the {{c1::floor of the mouth}}, the {{c1::fasciculations…
Published	07/30/2024	In bimanual palpation for oral cavity examination, the eliciting the gag reflex must be avoided, and thus anesthesia may be used if necessary. {{c1::T…
Published	07/30/2024	Three notable landmarks in neck examination are the {{c1::edge of the mandible}}, {{c1::hyoid bone}}, and {{c1::thyroid cartilage}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The triangles of neck are to be inspected in neck exam and it is important to remember the structures part of the anterior and posterior triangles. {{…
Published	07/30/2024	Lymph node drainage is checked in a neck exam via {{c1::systemic palpation}} of five lymph chains - {{c2::submandibular}} lymph nodes, {{c2::upper jug…
Published	07/30/2024	The thyroid cartilage and laryngeal prominence or Adam's apple are also checked in a neck exam. {{c1::True::True or False}}
Published	07/30/2024	In neck examination, one should note any deviation of the {{c1::trachea}}, movement of {{c2::larynx}} and {{c2::thryoid}} while swallowing, and {{c3::…
Published	07/30/2024	Lesions in the {{c1::thyroid gland}} moves with the movement of the {{c2::larynx}} by the {{c3::visceral facia or Berry's ligament}}, known also as th…
Published	07/30/2024	1. Pre-auricular lymph node2. Submental lymph node3. Submandibular4. Upper Jugular5. Midjugular6. Lower jugular7. Posterior Triangle lymph nodes
Published	07/30/2024	Touch the skin lightly with your fingersAsk patient to respond whenever a touch is feltTest face, arms, and legs in random order
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::128}} Hz tuning fork is used when examining vibration sense
Published	07/30/2024	during vibration sense examination, lightly strike tines against your hand and place stem of the fork over {{c1::most distal joint}} of patient's {{c2…
Published	07/30/2024	Grasp patient's great toe on sides of distal phalanx and hold it away from other toes to avoid frictionDemonstrate to patient what "up" and "down" fee…
Published	07/30/2024	During joint position sense examination:if position sense is impaired, increase {{c1::stimulus intensity}}; if still impaired, test at a {{c2::more pr…
Published	07/30/2024	have patient stand with feet together and eyes openhave patient close eyeshold your arms out to steady/catch patient if necessarywatch for development…
Published	07/30/2024	A positive romberg indicates {{c1::impaired proprioception}} or {{c2::vestibular dysfunction}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Graphesthesia}} is the ability to recognize symbols when they're traced on the skin
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Stereognosis}} is the ability to perceive and recognize the form of an object in the absence of visual and auditory information, by using t…
Published	07/30/2024	Truncal stabilityFine finger movements (finger tapping)Toe tapping
Published	07/30/2024	observe patient sitting on a chair or side of bed with hands on lapnote any leaning towards one side or falling backwards
Published	07/30/2024	when testing fine finger movements, have patient tap {{c1::distal joint of thumb}} with {{c2::tip of index finger}} as fast as possible
Published	07/30/2024	when testing patient's toe tapping, have them tap your {{c1::hand}} with {{c2::ball of each foot}} as fast as possible
Published	07/30/2024	finger-nose-finger, heel-knee-shin, and rapid alternating movement (RAM) are tested during the neurologic exam for {{c1::coordination}}
Published	07/30/2024	posture of body and extremitieslength, speed, and rhythm of stepsbase of gaitarm swingsteadinessturning
Published	07/30/2024	rise from a seated positionwalk across room, turn, and come backwalk on toeswalk on heelswalk heel to toe (tandem gait) in a straight line
Published	07/30/2024	body habitusscarspostureobjects or equipmentaids and adaptationsprescriptions
Published	07/30/2024	cervical curve (concavity/lordosis)thoracic curve (convexity/kyphosis)lumbar curve (concavity/lordosis)
Published	07/30/2024	upright spinal column (imaginary line should fall from C7 through the gluteal cleft)alignment of shoulders and iliac crestsskin creases below the butt…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::scoliosis}} is a lateral and rotatory curvature of the spine
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::lordosis}} is an accentuated lumbar curvature
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::kyphosis}} is an exaggerated thoracic curvature
Published	07/30/2024	palpate the spinal processespalpate sacroiliac joints, assess alignment and note tendernesspalpate paraspinal muscles. note tenderness or muscular spa…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::active movement}} is a movement performed independently by the patient
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::passive movement}} is a movement of the patient controlled by the examiner
Published	07/30/2024	normal ROM for cervical spine flexion is {{c1::0°- 80°}}
Published	07/30/2024	normal ROM for cervical spine extension is {{c1::0°- 50°}}
Published	07/30/2024	normal ROM for cervical spine lateral flexion is {{c1::0°- 45°}}
Published	07/30/2024	normal ROM for cervical spine rotation is {{c1::0°- 80°}}
Published	07/30/2024	normal ROM for lumbar spine extension is {{c1::10°- 20°}}
Published	07/30/2024	Abnormal width of the eyelids or excessive scleral show may indicate {{c2::exophthalmos}} which suggests a problem in the {{c1::thyroid::organ}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::Cover-uncover test}} may be performed to reveal slight or latent muscle imbalance in the extraocular muscles.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Near reaction}} is mediated by the {{c2::oculomotor nerve::nerve}} when the pupils constrict in response to shifting gaze from a far object to a…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Accommodation}} is the increased {{c2::convexity}} of lenses caused by contraction of the ciliary muscles.
Published	07/30/2024	Average size of pupils is {{c1::3-4mm}}During {{c2::miosis}}, the normal size is less than or equal to {{c3::2mm}}During {{c4::myd…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Anisocoria}} is the term used for pupillary asymmetry
Published	07/30/2024	Upper NasalLower NasalUpper TemporalLower Temporal
Published	07/30/2024	In testing for peripheral vision, the screening starts in the {{c1::temporal::nasal or temporal}} fields where most defects arise.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Binocular vision}} is when both eyes converge to interpret vision
Published	07/30/2024	1. Mental status2. Cranial nerves3. Motor system4. Sensory system5. Reflexes6. Coordination7. Station and gait
Published	07/30/2024	1. Level of awareness2. Attentiveness3. Orientation4. Speech & language5. Memory6. Higher intellectual function7. Mood and affect
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing the memory of a patient, one of the components to consider is {{c1::registration}} or the ability to repeat words.
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing the memory of a patient, one of the components to consider is {{c1::retention}} which includes immediate, recent, and remote me…
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing the mental status of a patient, one of the components to consider is {{c1::speech and language}} which includes fluency, repeti…
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing the mental status of a patient, one of the components to consider is {{c1::higher intellectual function}} which includes t…
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing the mental status of a patient, one of the components to consider is {{c1::orientation}} which is awareness of self, place, and…
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing the mental status of a patient, one of the components to consider is {{c1::mood and affect}} to determine if psychiatric d…
Published	07/30/2024	Visual Acuity is assed by using {{c1::Snellen Chart}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing Cranial Nerve I, use {{c1::non-irritating substances}} such as coffee, lemon, vanilla, etc. Avoid peppermint, menthol, and ammonia since …
Published	07/30/2024	1. Have Patient Close eyes2. Occlude 1 nostril and test other using non-irritating substances (e.g. vanilla, cloves, coffee). 3. Compare 2 sides
Published	07/30/2024	Cranial Nerves {{c1::III, IV, and VI::3 nerves}} are examined by assessing {{c2::eye movements}}, {{c3::pupillary reaction to light and accommoda…
Published	07/30/2024	Cranial Nerve {{c1::I}} is examined by assessing the patient's sense of {{c2::smell}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Cranial Nerve {{c1::II}} is examined by assessing visual fields, ocular fundi, and visual acuity.
Published	07/30/2024	I. Olfactory nerveII. Optic nerveIII. Oculomotor nerveIV. Trochlear nerveV. Trigeminal nerveVI. Abducens nerveVII. Facial nerveVIII. Vestibulocochlear…
Published	07/30/2024	Cranial Nerve {{c1::V}} is examined by assessing {{c2::facial sensation}}, {{c3::jaw movements}}, and the {{c4::afferent}} limb of the corneal re…
Published	07/30/2024	a. Explain to patient what you intend to dob. Use sharp end of a broken cotton swab or a pin to test pain sensation on forehead, cheek, and jaw of eac…
Published	07/30/2024	Cranial Nerve {{c1::VII}} is examined by assessing {{c2::facial movements}}, {{c3::taste}}, and the {{c4::efferent}} limb of the corneal reflex.
Published	07/30/2024	a. Lightly touch peripheral aspect of cornea from the side with fine wisp of cottonb. Look for normal blink reaction of both eyesc. Repeat on other si…
Published	07/30/2024	a. Ask the patient to open mouth and clench teethb. Palpate temporalis and masseter muscles
Published	07/30/2024	- forehead wrinkles- palpebral fissure- width- nasolabial- corner of mouth
Published	07/30/2024	a. Smileb. Puff out cheeksc. Close both lips and resist you attempt to open themd. Raise eyebrows
Published	07/30/2024	Cranial Nerve {{c1::VIII}} is examined by assessing the patient's sense of {{c2::hearing}}.
Published	07/30/2024	a. Face patient and hold out your arms with your fingers near each earb. Rub your fingers together on one sidec. Ask patient to tell you when and on w…
Published	07/30/2024	Cranial Nerves {{c1::IX and X::2 nerves}} are examined by assessing palate movement, pharyngeal sensation, voice, swallowing, and gag reflex.
Published	07/30/2024	1. Listen to patient’s voice. Note any hoarseness, nasal, or breathy quality2a. Ask Patient to say “Ah” and watch movement of soft palate and pharynx.…
Published	07/30/2024	Cranial Nerve {{c1::XI}} is examined by asking the patients to shrug their shoulders or turn their head against resistance.
Published	07/30/2024	Cranial Nerve {{c1::XII}} is examined by assessing tongue position and movements.
Published	07/30/2024	a. From behind patient, look for atrophy or asymmetry of trapeziib. Ask patient to shrug shoulders against resistance and note strengthc. Ask patient …
Published	07/30/2024	a. Place hand on lower faceb. Ask patient to turn head towards that side against resistance c. Observe contraction of opposite sternocleidomastoid
Published	07/30/2024	1. Note tongue position at rest in the mouth and on protrusion. 2. Note if tongue deviates in either position.3. Ask patient to stick out tongue and m…
Published	07/30/2024	Assessing the {{c1::motor system}} in a neurological exam includes assessing the motor tracts that control fine movements, tone of muscles, and reflex…
Published	07/30/2024	1. Visual inspection2. Muscle tone / tension at rest3. Muscle strength
Published	07/30/2024	- muscle bulk- generalized or focal muscle wasting / hypertrophy- extraneous movements e.g. tremor- fasciculation e.g. twitching- speed of movement
Published	07/30/2024	1. Ask patient to relax.2. Flex and extend patient’s wrists, elbows, ankles, and knees.3. Look for resistance that is decreased or increased.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hypotonia}} means decreased muscle tone.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Rigidity}} means increased muscle tone throughout the muscle's range of motion.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Spacticity}} means inreased spring-like muscle tone / resistance.
Published	07/30/2024	1. Isolate muscle you are testing so patient can’t use strong muscles that have similar function to compensate for weak one being tested2. Fix proxima…
Published	07/30/2024	1. deltoid2. c53. axillary nerve
Published	07/30/2024	1. biceps2. c63. musculocutaenous nerve
Published	07/30/2024	1. triceps2. c73. radial nerve
Published	07/30/2024	1. flexor carpi ulnaris2. c83. ulnar nerve
Published	07/30/2024	1. carpi ulnaris2. c73. radial nerve
Published	07/30/2024	1. interossei muscles2. T13. ulnar nerve
Published	07/30/2024	1. abductor pollicus brevis2. T13. median nerve
Published	07/30/2024	1. psoas2. L23. femoral nerve
Published	07/30/2024	1. gluteus maximus2. L5/S13. inferior gluteal nerve
Published	07/30/2024	1. hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus)2. L53. sciatic nerve
Published	07/30/2024	1. Quadriceps femoris muscles (Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius, Rectus femoris)2. L3/L43. Femoral nerve
Published	07/30/2024	1. tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius2. L4/L53. deep peroneal nerve
Published	07/30/2024	1. gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris2. S1/S23. tibial nerve
Published	07/30/2024	0/5 = No muscular contraction1/5 = Visible muscle contraction, but no movement at the joint2/5 = Movement at the joint, but not against gravity 3/5 = …
Published	07/30/2024	in Cranial Nerves IX and X exam, gag reflex is not usually tested except for {{c1::unconscious and uncooperative}} patients.
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing muscle stretch reflexes / deep tendon reflexes, {{c1::vigor}} and {{c2::briskness of response}} are observed and compared side-to-side.
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing muscle stretch reflexes / deep tendon reflexes, if the reflexes are diminished or absent, try reinforcing the reflex by distraction or vi…
Published	07/30/2024	1. Position limb and place muscle in slight tension.2. Quickly tap the tendon/periosteum to which muscle is attached.3. Observe vigor and briskness of…
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing reflexes, {{c1::reinforcement::method}} is the {{c2::isometric::type}} contraction of other muscles via the {{c3::clenched teeth / Jendra…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::True::True/False}}Clinical application of the Jendrassik Maneuver in muscle stretch reflexes:Decrease inhibition, Increase excitability
Published	07/30/2024	1. Position patient's arm to be partially flexed at the elbow with palm down.ii. Place your thumb or finger firmly on biceps tendon.iii. Strike your f…
Published	07/30/2024	i. If patient is seated: support upper arm and let forearm hang free.ii. If patient is lying down, flex arm at elbow and hold it close to chest.iii. S…
Published	07/30/2024	i. Have patient sit or lie down with knee flexed.ii. Strike patellar tendon just below patella.iii. Note contraction of the quadriceps and extension o…
Published	07/30/2024	i. Dorsiflex foot at ankle.ii. Strike Achilles tendon.iii. Watch and feel for plantar flexion at the ankle.
Published	07/30/2024	1. Using the end of a reflex hammer, a broken tongue blade, or a key, stroke lateral aspect of the sole of each foot from heel to toes, then drag the …
Published	07/30/2024	In the reinforcement of muscle stretch reflexes for plantar response, {{c1::flexion::flexion/extension}} of all toes (downgoing toe) is a normal findi…
Published	07/30/2024	In the reinforcement of muscle stretch reflexes for plantar response, {{c1::extension::flexion/extension}} of all toes (upgoing toe) is an abnormal fi…
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing reflexes, a grade of {{c1::0}} indicates reflex is {{c2::absent}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing reflexes, a grade of {{c1::1}} indicates reflex is {{c2::hypoactive}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing reflexes, a grade of {{c1::2}} indicates reflex is {{c2::normal}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing reflexes, a grade of {{c1::3}} indicates reflex is {{c2::brisk/hyperactive}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing reflexes, a grade of {{c1::4}} indicates reflex is {{c2::markedly hyperactive with clonus/spreadinng}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing the sensory system during a neurological exam, {{c1::primary sensation}} may be characterized as normal, absent, reduced, exaggerate…
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing the sensory system during a neurological exam, {{c1::primary sensation}} includes pain and temperature, light touch and pressure, vibrati…
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing sensory system during a neruological exam, {{c1::integrative sensation}} refers to finer sense and includes graphethesia, stereognosis, a…
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing the sensory system during a neurological exam, {{c1::graphesthesia}} refers to number identification.
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing the sensory system during a neurological exam, {{c1::stereognosis}} refers to the ability to identify an object by feeling it.
Published	07/30/2024	1. pain2. temperature3. light touch and pressure4. proprioception
Published	07/30/2024	1. graphesthesia2. stereognosis3. double simultaneous stimulation
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::False - closed::True/False}}In assessing sensory system during a neurological exam, patient's eyes should be open unless otherwise specified.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::False - sharp::True/False}}When assessing pain sensation, you may use the dull end of a broken cotton swab.
Published	07/30/2024	1. Palmar aspect of index finger (median nerve).2. Palmar aspect of 5th finger (ulnar nerve)3. Web space between thumb and index finger on dorsal surf…
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing sensory system during a neurological exam, testing of {{c3::temperature}} is usually reserved for the patient in whom testing of {{c1::pa…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::True::True/False}}In assessing temperature during a neurological exam, a cold tuning fork is pressed against the skin to make sure there is temp…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Rinne's}} test is done for the air or bone conduction of the sound.
Published	07/30/2024	In Weber's test, if the hearing loss is {{c1::sensorineural}}, sound lateralizes to the {{c2::affected}} ear.
Published	07/30/2024	If a patient can repeat a whisper at 60 cm, hearing is {{c1::better than 30}} dB or {{c1::normal::category}}
Published	07/30/2024	If a patient can repeat a whisper at 15 cm, hearing is {{c1::better than 35}} dB or {{c1::mild hearing loss::category}}
Published	07/30/2024	If a patient can repeat a conversational voice at 15 cm, hearing is {{c1::better than 55}} dB or {{c1::moderate hearing loss::category}}
Published	07/30/2024	If a patient can repeat a loud voice at 60 cm, hearing is {{c1::worse than 75-90}} dB or {{c1::severe-profound hearing loss::category}}
Published	07/30/2024	In the {{c1::cold spatula misting}} test, a patient is asked to exhale, so that humidified air creates a mist on the cold metal tongue depressor, and …
Published	07/30/2024	In otoscopy, if the malleus is looking to the right, then you are looking at the tympanic membrane of the {{c1::right::R/L}} ear
Published	07/30/2024	In Rinne's test, the stem of the fork is placed on the {{c1::mastoid}} bone, and the patient is asked if they can hear the sound.
Published	07/30/2024	In free field speech testing, the use of {{c1::masking}} improves the accuracy of testing.
Published	07/30/2024	Sensorineural hearing loss deals {{c2::bone}} conduction
Published	07/30/2024	In otoscopy, one is to hold the otoscope like a {{c1::pencil}} and use their {{c1::little}} finger as a fulcrum against the cheek
Published	07/30/2024	The tympanic membrane movement can be gauged using {{c1::pneumatic otoscopy}} or the {{c1::valsalva}}
Published	07/30/2024	In ear inspection, one should also inspect for {{c1::facial}} paralysis
Published	07/30/2024	In otoscopy, the tympanic membrane has a natural color of {{c1::transluscent or pearly gray}}, and it should be checked for {{c1::perforation, fluid o…
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