Notes in Heme Review

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Published	10/29/2024	NOTE - what symptoms are standout for anemia? what lab tests would you order for anemia? What's likely the cause of anemia?
Published	10/29/2024	Iron deficiency low {{c1::iron}}high {{c1::total iron binding capacity (how much transferrin binds iron; iron deficiency there would be more free tran…
Published	10/29/2024	iron deficiency vs thalassemiaMCV/RBC <13: {{c1::thalassemia}}MCV/RBC >13: {{c1::iron deficiency }}
Published	10/29/2024	blood smear:target cells -> {{c1::thalassemia}}
Published	10/29/2024	how to ID diagnosis and rule out others? what is morphological hallmark in blood smear?
Published	10/29/2024	G6PD is enzyme in {{c1::pentose phosphate pathway 1st step (rate limiting) for convert NADP+ into NADPH }}SO G6PD deficiency leads to {{c1::oxida…
Published	10/29/2024	G6PD blood smear/lab results:heinz prep: {{c1::see heinz bodies of denatured hemoglobin}}blood smear: {{c1::bite cells and blister cells NOTE bite cel…
Published	10/29/2024	what is hallmark of blood smear to diagnose?
Published	10/29/2024	sideroblastic anemia is due to {{c1::abnormal heme synthesis}}can be hereditary w inheritance pattern that is {{c1::X-linked}}more often acquired - {{…
Published	10/29/2024	microcytic anemias key relations/phrases:{{c1::iron deficiency}}:low {{c2::iron}}low {{c2::ferritin}}high {{c2::total iron binding capacity (free tran…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c2::hemoglobin H disease (alpha thalassemia)}}:occurs during {{c1::adulthood}}lose {{c1::3 of 4 alpha globin genes}} --> more {{c1::beta globin c…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c2::hemoglobin Barts (alpha thalassemia)}}  lose {{c1::4 of 4 alpha genes}}occurs during {{c1::infancy}}symptom: {{c1::hydrops fetalis (de…
Published	10/29/2024	beta-thalassemia lab results for all beta-thalassemia (x3):{{c1::HPLC shows : normal hemoglobin A, increased hemoglobin A2 (bc compensatorily mak…
Published	10/29/2024	note also hallmark of blood smear
Published	10/29/2024	megaloblastic anemia (subset of macrocytic anemia):B12 deficiencycauses {{c1::DNA damage: impaired methionine synthesis (essential for DNA synthesis) …
Published	10/29/2024
Published	10/29/2024	direct bilirubin = {{c1::conjugated and is coming from liver}}elevated direct bilirubin = {{c1::results from blockage of excretion of liver}}indirect …
Published	10/29/2024	immune hemolytic anemia warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia:indirect antigen test (IAT; pan antigen testing): {{c1::positive}}direct antigen test (D…
Published	10/29/2024
Published	10/29/2024
Published	10/29/2024	aPTT (a{{c1::ctivated partial thromboplastic time}})measures clotting time of {{c1::intrinsic path}}elevated aPTT indicates (x5):{{c1::Factor VIII def…
Published	10/29/2024	blood smear hallmarks? how to ID or rule out diagnoses?
Published	10/29/2024	Bernard-Soulierblood smear: {{c1::macrothrombocytopenia: large and few platelets }}med history: {{c1::bleeding history (e.g., from surgeries, eas…
Published	10/29/2024	what stands out? factors to ID or rule out diagnosis?
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::acute chest syndrome in sickle cell anemic patient}}:pulmonary infiltrateschest painfeverrespiratory signs/symptomsindicators of hemolytic anemi…
Published	10/29/2024	factors to ID or rule out diagnosis??
Published	10/29/2024	heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)clinical manifestations:1. {{c1::heparin exposure}} -> 2. {{c1:: thrombocytopenia (platelets drop by 50%)}} 3…
Published	10/29/2024	what would be next confirmatory test for diagnosis? what would be immediate treatment while you wait for confirmation?
Published	10/29/2024	hematologic emergencies (x3): {{c1::TTP, HIT, sickle cell with complication }}
Published	10/29/2024	pathogenesis of TTP:{{c1::ADAMTS13 inhibitor}} --> r{{c1::educe ADAMTS13 activity <10%}} --> {{c1::enzyme doesn't cleave UL vWF}} --> {{c1…
Published	10/29/2024	hallmarks? factors in ID or rule out diagnosis and treatment management?
Published	10/29/2024	treatment of isolated thrombocytopenia (ITP):1st line - low platelets (<20-30) + bleeding (while order viral tests to rule out before conclude ITP)…
Published	10/29/2024	what's diagnosis? next test?
Published	10/29/2024	antiphospholipid antibody syndrome:= {{c1::autoimmune condition where antibodies cause thrombosis}}clinical manifestations (x2):{{c1::venous or arteri…
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