Notes in 05 Analysis of Other Body Fluids

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: CSF Produced Each Day{{c1::500}} mL
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: CSF Volume{{c1::90-150}} mL
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Neonatal CSF Volume{{c1::10-60}} mL
Published	07/30/2024	The most commonly employed method of CSF collection is the {{c1::lumbar puncture at the 3rd-th or 4th-5th LV::also say exactly where}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Lumbar Puncture Opening PressureAdult: {{c1::90 to 180}} mm of water (in a lateral decubitus position)<6 y/o: {{c1::10 to 100}}…
Published	07/30/2024	Intracranial HPN Threshold:>{{c1::250}} mm of water
Published	07/30/2024	A significant pressure drop after removing 1-2 mL of CSF is suggestive of {{c1::herniation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Maximum of {{c1::20}} mL of CSF can be collected for each spinal tap
Published	07/30/2024	Collected CSF should be sent to the laboratory and processed within {{c1::1}} hour (turnaround time) upon collection
Published	07/30/2024	3 + 1 Sterile Tubes for CSF in order:{{c1::Chemical and serological analysisMicrobiological examinationCell count/Differential countSerologic Testing}…
Published	07/30/2024	Which CSF tube should not be refrigerated?{{c1::2nd. Microbiology Tube}}
Published	07/30/2024	If CSF tube 1 is hemorrhagic because of a traumatic puncture, it must NOT be used for protein analysis (most important aspect of CSF analysis) because…
Published	07/30/2024	CSF Tube StorageTube 1 - {{c1::Frozen}}Tube 2 - {{c1::Room Temperature}}Tube 3 - {{c1::Refrigerated}}Tube 4 - {{c1::Frozen}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSF Color: {{c1::Pink}}Content: Hemoglobin
Published	07/30/2024	CSF Color: {{c1::Yellow}}Content: {{c2::Bilirubin or Protein::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSF Color: {{c1::Orange}}Content: {{c2::Carotene}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSF Color: {{c1::Brown}}Content: {{c2::Melanin}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSF Appearance: TurbidContent: {{c1::WBCs and RBCs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Oxyhemoglobin can be detected by lumbar puncture {{c1::2-4}} hours after onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage, peaks at {{c1::24-36}} hours and disappears…
Published	07/30/2024	In CSF Tubes w/ Intracranial Hemorrhage...Bloody Discoloration is {{c1::evenly distributed::even/gradually decreasing}}If centrifuged, supernatant is …
Published	07/30/2024	In CSF Tubes of Traumatic Tap...Bloody Discoloration is {{c1::gradually decreasing::even/gradually decreasing}}If centrifuged, supernatant is {{c1::cl…
Published	07/30/2024	The manual method for the CSF & Differential Count uses either an {{c1::improved neubauer}} counting chamber or {{c1::Fuchs-Rosenthal}} count…
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: CSF WBC Count{{c1::0-5/uL}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Neonatal CSF WBC Count{{c1::0-30/uL}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: CSF RBC Count{{c1::0}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: CSF Lymphocyte:Monocyte Ratio{{c1::70:30}}
Published	07/30/2024	Monocytes may comprise up to {{c1::80}}% of WBCs in the CSF of children
Published	07/30/2024	If you see CSF blast cells, think of {{c1::acute leukemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: CSF Protein{{c1::15-45}} mg/dL
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: CSF Glucose{{c1::50-80}} mg/dL
Published	07/30/2024	Blood glucose test should be done {{c1::2}} hours {{c1::prior::prior/after}} CSF sampling
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: CSF Lactate{{c1::9-26}} mg/dL
Published	07/30/2024	CSF {{c1::Lactate}} is used to monitor severe head injuries
Published	07/30/2024	CSF Lactate Threshold in Meningitis>{{c1::35}} mg/dL: {{c2::Bacterial/Fungal/TB}} meningitis<{{c1::25}} mg/dL: {{c2::Viral}} meningitis
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: CSF Glutamine{{c1::8-18}} mg/dL
Published	07/30/2024	CSF Glutamine Threshold:>{{c1::35}} mg/dL, think of {{c1::hepatic encelopathy}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSF {{c1::Glucose}} is used to monitor response to treatment in meningitis
Published	07/30/2024	If CSF Glucose is ↓, think of {{c1::bacterial, fungal, or TB::pathogen}} meningitis and impaired transport of glucose to CSFIf CSF/Serum Glucose Ratio…
Published	07/30/2024	If opening pressure is elevated in a lumbar spinal tap, think of {{c1::bacterial}} meningitis
Published	07/30/2024	If CSF WBCs >1000/uL, think of {{c1::bacterial}} meningitis
Published	07/30/2024	If CSF WBCs <100/uL, think of {{c1::viral}} meningitis
Published	07/30/2024	If CSF WBCs are mostly neutrophils, think of {{c1::bacterial}} meningitis
Published	07/30/2024	If CSF WBCs are mostly lymphocytes, think of {{c1::viral, fungal, and TB}} meningitis
Published	07/30/2024	Protein electrophoresis for CSF is usually done to detect {{c1::MS}}
Published	07/30/2024	4 Most common causes of bacterial meningitis in humans:{{c1::S. pneumoniaeH. influenzaeE. coliN. meningitidis}}
Published	07/30/2024	3 Sterile Containers for Synovial Fluid in order:{{c1::Sterile heparinized syringe}} for Microbiology{{c1::Anticoagulant (Na-heparin or EDTA)}} for Mi…
Published	07/30/2024	Synovial fluid specimens for culture should be at least {{c1::1-2}} mL in volume if they will be submitted in green-top heparin tubes containing {{c1:…
Published	07/30/2024	Changes in synovial fluid clarity are usually caused by {{c1::WBCs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Opaque, milky or opalescent synovial fluid specimens w/o WBC are usually caused by {{c1::crystals}}
Published	07/30/2024	Shimmery or oily synovial fluid specimens are usually caused by {{c1::cholesterol}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Synovial Fluid String Test{{c1::4-6}} cm
Published	07/30/2024	If the synovial fluid viscosity is {{c1::↓::↑/↓}}, think of infection
Published	07/30/2024	Physical Characteristic of Synovial Fluid Category Group {{c1::I (Non-Inflammatory)}}Tubidity: Discoloration. Mild to absent turbidityThink of: {{c2::…
Published	07/30/2024	Physical Characteristic of Synovial Fluid Category Group {{c1::II (Inflammatory)}}Tubidity: Turbid w/ elevated neutrophilsThink of: Rheumatoid arthrit…
Published	07/30/2024	Physical Characteristic of Synovial Fluid Category Group {{c1::III (Infectious)}}Tubidity: Turbid w/ elevated neutrophils AND RBCsThink of: Infection
Published	07/30/2024	Physical Characteristic of Synovial Fluid Category Group {{c1::IV (Hemorrhagic)}}Tubidity: Opaque w/ {{c2::<50}}% neutrophilsThink of: Hematologic …
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Synovial Fluid Differential Leukocyte CountNeutrophils: {{c1::20}}%Lymphocytes: {{c1::15}}%Macrophages & Monocytes: {{c1::65}}%Eosi…
Published	07/30/2024	If you see a neutrophil/macrophage that has phagocytized denatured nuclear material of another cell in synovial fluid, think of {{c1::SLE and Rheumato…
Published	07/30/2024	The most common type of gout is caused by {{c1::MSU}} crystals
Published	07/30/2024	Pseudogout or Chondrocalcinosis, is caused by {{c1::calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate}} crystals
Published	07/30/2024	All synovial fluid crystals can be detected by compensated polarized light microscopy except {{c1::BCP}} crystals
Published	07/30/2024	Synovial Fluid MSU Crystal Shape: {{c1::Needle}}
Published	07/30/2024	Synovial Fluid CPPD Crystal Shape: {{c1::rhomboids, rods and rectangle}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mucin Clot Test - Chemical Test for Synovial Fluid by adding {{c1::acetic acid}} to look for a mucin clot. A fair-poor result reflects {{c2::polymeriz…
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Synovial Fluid-Serum Glucose Difference<{{c1::10}} mg/dL
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Synovial Fluid Protein{{c1::1.38}} g/dL
Published	07/30/2024	Rheumatic factor is found in the synovial fluid in {{c1::60}}% of px w/ RA
Published	07/30/2024	ANA is found in the synovial fluid in {{c1::70}}% of px w/ SLE
Published	07/30/2024	The Sterile heparinized syringe should contain approximately {{c1::3-10}} mL of synovial fluid
Published	07/30/2024	The Anticoagulant (Na-heparin or EDTA) container should contain approximately {{c1::2-5}} mL of synovial fluid
Published	07/30/2024	The Plain container should contain approximately {{c1::5}} mL of synovial fluid
Published	07/30/2024	Transudates are produced by an ↑ {{c1::Hydrostatic}} Pressure or ↓ {{c1::Oncotic}} Pressure
Published	07/30/2024	Exudates are produced by an ↑ {{c1::Capillary Permeability}}
Published	07/30/2024	Because effusions have higher cellular integrity, the serous fluid specimens for cytology can be stored up to {{c1::48}} hours in the refrigerator
Published	07/30/2024	To send serous fluid to heme studies, use a/n {{c1::EDTA}} tube
Published	07/30/2024	To send serous fluid to microbiology studies, use a/n {{c1::sterile}} tube
Published	07/30/2024	To send serous fluid to chemistry, use a/n {{c1::heparinized}} tube
Published	07/30/2024	Exudate Threshold:SG: >{{c1::1.015}}Total Protein: >{{c1::3}} g/dLWBC Count: >{{c2::1000}}/uLPleural Fluid Cholesterol: >{{c2::45}} mg/dLF…
Published	07/30/2024	Light's Criteria for an exudate only includes: {{c1::LDH, Fluid:Serum CHON Ratio, and Fluid:Serum LD Ratio::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Clots1. Transudate2. Exudate{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage - Done to evaluate abdo trauma. If <{{c1::15}} mL of gross blood can be aspirated, {{c1::1}} L of saline or Ringer's S…
Published	07/30/2024	(+) Abdominal Trauma Peritonal Lavage Thresholds:RBC in blunt trauma: >{{c1::100,000}} / uLRBC in penetrating trauma: >{{c1::50,000}} / uLWBC: &…
Published	07/30/2024	(-) Abdominal Trauma Peritonal Lavage Thresholds:RBC in blunt trauma: <{{c1::50,000}} / uLRBC in penetrating trauma: <{{c1::1000}} / uLWBC: <…
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Semen CompositionSpermatozoa: {{c1::5}}%Seminal Fluid: {{c1::60-70}}%Prostate Fluid: {{c1::20-30}}%Bulbourethral Glands: {{c2::5}}%
Published	07/30/2024	Before seminal fluid collection, you must have {{c1::2-5}} days of sexual abstinence
Published	07/30/2024	Seminal fluid specimens should be sent to the laboratory within {{c1::1}} hour of collection and kept at {{c1::20-37}} C
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Seminal Fluid Volume{{c1::2-5}} mL
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Seminal Fluid pH{{c1::7.2-8}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Seminal Fluid Sperm Concentration>{{c1::20 million}} / mL
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Seminal Fluid Sperm Motility>{{c1::40 million}} / ejaculate
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Seminal Fluid MorphologyStrict Criteria: >{{c1::14}}% normal formsRoutine Criteria: >{{c1::30}}% normal forms
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Seminal Fluid Round Cells< {{c1::1 million}} / mL
Published	07/30/2024	Yellow seminal fluid is usually found in specimens w/ urine contamination or from px w/ {{c1::prolonged abstinence}}
Published	07/30/2024	Semen Viscosity Threshold:Abnormal findings if droplets form more than {{c2::2}} cm long. This is due prostatic secretions
Published	07/30/2024	The dilution to immobilize sperm contains {{c1::sodium bicarbonate}} to immobilize the cell
Published	07/30/2024	The dilution to immobilize sperm contains {{c1::formalin}} to preserve the cell
Published	07/30/2024	Sperm Motility Grade: {{c1::4}}WHO Criteria: {{c1::a}}Sperm Motility Action: {{c2::Rapid, Straight-line}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sperm Motility Grade: {{c1::3}}WHO Criteria: {{c1::b}}Sperm Motility Action: {{c2::Slower speed, some lateral movement}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sperm Motility Grade: {{c1::2}}WHO Criteria: {{c1::b}}Sperm Motility Action: {{c2::Slow forward progression, noticeable lateral movement}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sperm Motility Grade: {{c1::1}}WHO Criteria: {{c1::c}}Sperm Motility Action: {{c2::No forward progression}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sperm Motility Grade: {{c1::0}}WHO Criteria: {{c1::d}}Sperm Motility Action: {{c2::No movement}}
Status	Last Update	Fields