Notes in Pulmonary Histo, Path, & Imaging

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/27/2023	56ccf70af9ca4e39b03703e4378eaf09-ao-1
Published	09/27/2023	56ccf70af9ca4e39b03703e4378eaf09-ao-2
Published	09/27/2023	56ccf70af9ca4e39b03703e4378eaf09-ao-3
Published	09/27/2023	56ccf70af9ca4e39b03703e4378eaf09-ao-4
Published	09/27/2023	56ccf70af9ca4e39b03703e4378eaf09-ao-5
Published	10/09/2023	56ccf70af9ca4e39b03703e4378eaf09-ao-6
Published	10/01/2023	conducting portion of the airway- all the small white areas are {{c1::alveoli}}- walls of larger airways are thick with have multiple layers: {{c…
Published	09/27/2023	804bd0bb42ae49108ab731df120ef467-ao-1
Published	09/27/2023	804bd0bb42ae49108ab731df120ef467-ao-2
Published	09/27/2023	804bd0bb42ae49108ab731df120ef467-ao-3
Published	09/27/2023	804bd0bb42ae49108ab731df120ef467-ao-4
Published	09/27/2023	804bd0bb42ae49108ab731df120ef467-ao-5
Published	09/27/2023	804bd0bb42ae49108ab731df120ef467-ao-6
Published	10/02/2023	804bd0bb42ae49108ab731df120ef467-ao-7
Published	10/09/2023	804bd0bb42ae49108ab731df120ef467-ao-8
Published	09/27/2023	trachea- epithelium is {{c1::pseudostratified}} (every cell is connected to basement membrane via hemidesmosomal contact) - lamina propria: conta…
Published	09/27/2023	More Exploration of Lung Tissue Microscopically https://histologyguide.com/slidebox/17-respiratory-system.html
Published	09/27/2023	1b6654187e914e49b0bdc3a094eae0a6-ao-1
Published	10/02/2023	1b6654187e914e49b0bdc3a094eae0a6-ao-2
Published	09/27/2023	1b6654187e914e49b0bdc3a094eae0a6-ao-3
Published	11/02/2023	1b6654187e914e49b0bdc3a094eae0a6-ao-4
Published	09/27/2023	1b6654187e914e49b0bdc3a094eae0a6-ao-5
Published	09/27/2023	1b6654187e914e49b0bdc3a094eae0a6-ao-6
Published	10/09/2023	1b6654187e914e49b0bdc3a094eae0a6-ao-7
Published	10/02/2023	bronchus- {{c2::chondrocytes}} in lacunae → produce islands of hyaline cartilage- blood vessels are lined with {{c1::endothelial}} cells while airways…
Published	09/27/2023	5bdd1eae6a0f40759b6ee02535d3f148-ao-1
Published	09/27/2023	5bdd1eae6a0f40759b6ee02535d3f148-ao-2
Published	10/02/2023	5bdd1eae6a0f40759b6ee02535d3f148-ao-3
Published	11/02/2023	5bdd1eae6a0f40759b6ee02535d3f148-ao-4
Published	09/27/2023	5bdd1eae6a0f40759b6ee02535d3f148-ao-5
Published	10/09/2023	5bdd1eae6a0f40759b6ee02535d3f148-ao-6
Published	09/27/2023	high magnification of the lung- bronchus: can be IDed with islands of {{c1::hyaline cartilage}} with lacunae around it - alveolar ducts have a fe…
Published	09/27/2023	f3dcf700f8074cd5b986c002aea19d3c-ao-1
Published	09/27/2023	f3dcf700f8074cd5b986c002aea19d3c-ao-2
Published	10/09/2023	f3dcf700f8074cd5b986c002aea19d3c-ao-3
Published	09/27/2023	f3dcf700f8074cd5b986c002aea19d3c-ao-4
Published	10/09/2023	f3dcf700f8074cd5b986c002aea19d3c-ao-5
Published	09/27/2023	respiratory portion of airway- {{c1::alveolar duct}} is the first part that has some outpocketings
Published	10/09/2023	0a11c5a96bc8486eb8bcccba689c9ccb-ao-1
Published	10/05/2023	0a11c5a96bc8486eb8bcccba689c9ccb-ao-2
Published	10/09/2023	0a11c5a96bc8486eb8bcccba689c9ccb-ao-3
Published	09/27/2023	0a11c5a96bc8486eb8bcccba689c9ccb-ao-4
Published	10/09/2023	0a11c5a96bc8486eb8bcccba689c9ccb-ao-5
Published	10/01/2023	Respiratory Portion of the Airway- type {{c1::II}} pneumocytes found in the corners/junctions of meeting alveoli - alvoelar {{c3::macrophage}}: a…
Published	10/02/2023	pneumonia= lung {{c1::infection}}- can be caused by bacteria:→ {{c2::Streptococcus}} pneumoniae is mostly {{c4::community}}-acquired→ Staphylococ…
Published	09/27/2023	lung protection from microbes- {{c2::mucociliary escalator}}: Goblet cells put out mucus, cilia have rythmic beating, cough it up and out *presen…
Published	10/02/2023	pneumonia signs:→ {{c1::dyspnea}} (shortness of breath): air exchange is blocked by acute {{c5::inflammation}} and/or exudate (instead of air)→ {{c2::…
Published	10/05/2023	6a85259667524402927fa2cb1f33d03c-ao-1
Published	10/05/2023	6a85259667524402927fa2cb1f33d03c-ao-2
Published	09/27/2023	6a85259667524402927fa2cb1f33d03c-ao-3
Published	09/27/2023	6a85259667524402927fa2cb1f33d03c-ao-4
Published	09/27/2023	6a85259667524402927fa2cb1f33d03c-ao-5
Published	09/27/2023	6a85259667524402927fa2cb1f33d03c-ao-6
Published	09/27/2023	6a85259667524402927fa2cb1f33d03c-ao-7
Published	10/09/2023	6a85259667524402927fa2cb1f33d03c-ao-8
Published	09/27/2023	{{c1::acute inflammation}} is increased blood flow and vessel permeability aiding transit of {{c2::leukocytes}} from blood to site of injury
Published	09/27/2023	patterns of acute pneumonia:*not really important, dentification of causative agent and extent of disease are much more important- {{c1::broncho}}pneu…
Published	09/27/2023	Inflammatory stages of {{c1::lobar}} pneumonia1. {{c3::Congestion}}→ edema (fluid with protein), neutrophils→ marks beginning of acute …
Published	09/27/2023	Complications of pneumonia - {{c4::abscess}} formation: caused by tissue destruction and necrosis- {{c2::empyema}}: infection of pleural cavity w…
Published	09/27/2023	{{c5::granulomatous}} inflammation is a subtype of {{c1::chronic inflammation}} including collections of {{c2::macrophages}}, often with T l…
Published	09/27/2023	Granulomatous pneumonia*a form of chronic pneumonia - {{c2::caseous}} necrosis- localized lesion in immuno{{c1::competent}} patient OR more sever…
Published	10/02/2023	{{c2::Pneumonia}} is a lung infection that can be caused by any of the following pathogens: → {{c1::bacteria}} (M. tuberculosis)→ {{c5::viral}} (COVID…
Published	09/27/2023	main risk factor for lung cancer: {{c1::smoking}}lung cancer is the highest cause of cancer {{c2::mortality}} worldwide- lung carcinomas (95%): c…
Published	09/27/2023	hallmark of {{c2::invasive}} cancer is the pentration of {{c1::basement memrbane}}tumor {{c3::stage::grade/stage}} is more important for prognosis&nbs…
Published	09/27/2023	Lung cancer: Carcinomas (95%){{c4::small cell}} carcinoma- almost always {{c1::smoking}}-related- highly malignant, usually widely metastatic, hi…
Published	10/02/2023	Lung cancer: Other (5%){{c15::carcinoid}} tumor ({{c15::neuroendocrine}} tumor)- younger patients (age less than 60)- less association with …
Published	09/27/2023	{{c5::Adenocarcinoma}}- malignant {{c6::glandular}} epithelial cells with irregular nuclei and small nucleoli → abundant production of {{c1::mucin}}*c…
Published	09/27/2023	{{c6::Small}} cell carcinoma- many {{c6::small}} cells with scant {{c1::cytoplasm}}, nuclear {{c2::molding}}- no glandular or squamous {{c5::diff…
Published	09/27/2023	Malignant {{c4::mesothelioma}}- large ovoid to spindled ({{c4::mesothelioma}}) cells with no definite gland formation or squamous {{c3:…
Published	09/27/2023	Carcinoid tumor- peri{{c2::bronchial}} tumor composed of more-or-less uniform cells → called  “{{c1::organoid}}” appearance- no significant atypi…
Published	10/05/2023	Squamous cell carcinoma- malignant cells with {{c1::eosinophilic}} cytoplasm, irregular {{c2::nuclei}}, mitoses- squamous differentiation: {{c3::intra…
Published	09/29/2023	This CXR is {{c1::overexposed}}, which could be confused for {{c2::emphysema}} or {{c2::pneumothorax}}*heart becomes more radio{{c3::lucent}…
Published	09/29/2023	This CXR is {{c1::underexposed}}, which could be mistaken for {{c2::infiltrates}}*cardiac shadow is opaque, with little or no visibilit…
Published	09/29/2023	The major fissure is equivalent to the {{c1::oblique}} fissure
Published	09/29/2023	The minor fissure is equivalent to the {{c1::horizontal}} fissure
Published	09/29/2023	Normal CXR's are {{c1::PA}} views... calvicle will be at more acute angle to vertebrae *in contrast, {{c1::AP}} views will have {{…
Published	09/29/2023	ac082aa652994dac9dd5f7b26ad34385-ao-1
Published	10/02/2023	ac082aa652994dac9dd5f7b26ad34385-ao-2
Published	09/29/2023	ac082aa652994dac9dd5f7b26ad34385-ao-3
Published	09/29/2023	dfc58b6a4629410e861d12c92a3ef909-oa-1
Published	09/29/2023	If I aspirate a peanut while lying down, it is most likely to go to {{c1::superior}} segment of {{c1::right lower}} lobe
Published	09/29/2023	If I aspirate a peanut while standing, it is most likely to go to {{c1::posterior basal}} segment of {{c1::right lower}} lobe
Published	09/29/2023	a1980ec92b30464bbb37ec1abdd25652-oa-1
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::Consolidation}} is any pathological process that fills the alveoli with fluid, pus, blood, or cells
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::Atelectasis}} is collapse of a part of the lung due to ↓ air in alveoli => volume loss and ↑ density
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::Nodule or mass}} is a well-circumscribed opacity on CXR
Published	09/29/2023	On CXR, any lesion <3 cm is a {{c1::nodule}} and a lesion >3 cm is a {{c1::mass}}
Published	09/29/2023	Both of these CXRs show abnormalities in the right {{c2::middle}} lobe (R{{c2::M}}L). The one on the left shows {{c1::atelectasis}} and the one o…
Published	09/29/2023	This CXR shows {{c1::consolidation::abnormality type}} in the {{c2::RUL::region}}*differential: {{c2::RUL::region}} lobar pneumonia
Published	10/01/2023	The {{c2::RUL::region of lung}} consolidation in this CXR is c/w {{c1::Strep pneumonia::pathogen/disease}}
Published	09/29/2023	This CXR shows {{c1::consolidation::abnormality type}} in the {{c2::RUL::region}}
Published	09/29/2023	The RUL consolidation with lucent center in this CXR and chest CT are c/w {{c1::tuberculosis::disease}}
Published	09/29/2023	This CXR shows {{c1::consolidation::abnormality pattern}} in multiple lobes
Published	09/29/2023	The consolidations in this CXR are specifically called {{c1::multiple cavitary lesions}}. The differential includes {{c2::TB}} vs {{c2:…
Published	09/29/2023	This CXR shows {{c1::mass::abnormality type}} in {{c2::RUL::region}}
Published	09/29/2023	The RUL mass in this CXR is c/w {{c1::lung cancer}}
Published	09/29/2023	This CXR shows {{c1::consolidation::abnormality type}} primarily in {{c2::bilateral perihilar regions::region}}{{c2::::}}
Published	09/29/2023	This CXR shows {{c1::nodules::abnormality type}} in multiple areas{{c1::::}}
Published	09/29/2023	The miliary nodules in this CXR are c/w {{c1::tuberculosis::disease}}
Published	09/29/2023	The confluent perihilar consolidations in this CXR are c/w {{c1::pulmonary edema}}
Published	09/29/2023	This CXR shows {{c1::bilateral peripheral::region}} {{c2::consolidations::abnormality type}}{{c1::::}}
Published	09/29/2023	The {{c1::ground-glass consolidations::specific abnormality}} in this chest CT are c/w {{c2::COVID pneumonia::most likely}} vs {{c3::al…
Published	09/29/2023	The confluent consolidations in this CXR (diffuse alveolar and interstitial opacities in a more {{c3::peripheral}} distribution) → c/w {{c1:…
Published	09/29/2023	When ordering CXR, {{c1::lateral}} view is the most sensitive to pleural effusions
Published	09/29/2023	This CXR shows {{c1::(left) pleural effusion::abnormality}}{{c1::::}}
Published	09/29/2023	This CXR shows {{c1::pleural effusion::abnormality}}{{c1::::}}
Published	09/29/2023	This CXR shows {{c1::normal, healthy lungs::abnormality}}{{c1::::}}
Published	09/29/2023	This CXR shows {{c1::(left) pneumothorax::abnormality}}
Published	09/29/2023	This CXR shows {{c1::skin fold::abnormality}}
Published	09/29/2023	This CT shows {{c1::(left) pneumothorax::abnormality}}
Published	09/29/2023	This CXR shows {{c1::(left) hydropneumothorax::abnormality}}
Published	09/29/2023	Aside from a mediastinal mass, this CXR also shows {{c1::(right) pleural effusion}}
Published	09/29/2023	b4c36f05749a4e44be8bf35b718c852a-ao-1
Published	09/29/2023	b4c36f05749a4e44be8bf35b718c852a-ao-2
Published	09/29/2023	b4c36f05749a4e44be8bf35b718c852a-ao-3
Published	10/05/2023	b4c36f05749a4e44be8bf35b718c852a-ao-4
Published	10/02/2023	{{c1::X-ray}} and {{c1::CT}} are the imaging modalities used for lung imaging, most used is {{c2::chest x-ray (CXR)}} - chest radiograph is one beam…
Published	09/29/2023	Ideally, CXR is {{c1::PA::view}}. But if ER, only {{c1::AP::view}} is possible. results in more magnification of mediastinal structures {{c2::…
Published	09/29/2023	five radiographic opacitiesBlack is {{c1::air}} *most lucent, least {{c4::opaque}} Fat Grey is {{c3::soft tissue}} (heart, LNs, masses)  Bone…
Published	09/29/2023	c7e47f68fdc147e99d69694f959bff07-ao-1
Published	10/02/2023	c7e47f68fdc147e99d69694f959bff07-ao-2
Published	10/09/2023	c7e47f68fdc147e99d69694f959bff07-ao-3
Published	11/02/2023	c7e47f68fdc147e99d69694f959bff07-ao-4
Published	10/09/2023	c7e47f68fdc147e99d69694f959bff07-ao-5
Published	09/29/2023	c7e47f68fdc147e99d69694f959bff07-ao-6
Published	10/09/2023	c7e47f68fdc147e99d69694f959bff07-ao-7
Published	10/02/2023	c37be914dc0d4d99a048a5cbef9c3ea4-ao-1
Published	09/29/2023	c37be914dc0d4d99a048a5cbef9c3ea4-ao-2
Published	09/29/2023	c37be914dc0d4d99a048a5cbef9c3ea4-ao-3
Published	09/29/2023	c37be914dc0d4d99a048a5cbef9c3ea4-ao-4
Published	09/29/2023	c37be914dc0d4d99a048a5cbef9c3ea4-ao-5
Published	09/29/2023	c37be914dc0d4d99a048a5cbef9c3ea4-ao-6
Published	09/29/2023	Lingula is part of the {{c1::left upper}} lobe ({{c1::LU}}L)
Published	10/09/2023	777b5ee338e244e59174965c58a60fae-ao-1
Published	10/09/2023	777b5ee338e244e59174965c58a60fae-ao-2
Published	10/09/2023	777b5ee338e244e59174965c58a60fae-ao-3
Published	10/09/2023	777b5ee338e244e59174965c58a60fae-ao-4
Published	09/29/2023	Right cardiac border of lung = {{c1::right atrium}} Left cardiac border of lung = {{c1::left ventricle}}
Published	09/29/2023	10b5266544274fd4ae814e7a1453ce6f-ao-1
Published	09/29/2023	10b5266544274fd4ae814e7a1453ce6f-ao-2
Published	09/29/2023	10b5266544274fd4ae814e7a1453ce6f-ao-3
Published	09/29/2023	10b5266544274fd4ae814e7a1453ce6f-ao-4
Published	09/29/2023	10b5266544274fd4ae814e7a1453ce6f-ao-5
Published	10/09/2023	a300cb25f3bc4444b5341517e4ae8bfc-ao-1
Published	10/09/2023	a300cb25f3bc4444b5341517e4ae8bfc-ao-2
Published	10/09/2023	a300cb25f3bc4444b5341517e4ae8bfc-ao-3
Published	09/29/2023	81aa1af8fe4a4fe0a7e27e93413819e3-oa-1
Published	10/02/2023	81aa1af8fe4a4fe0a7e27e93413819e3-oa-2
Published	10/09/2023	81aa1af8fe4a4fe0a7e27e93413819e3-oa-3
Published	10/09/2023	81aa1af8fe4a4fe0a7e27e93413819e3-oa-4
Published	09/29/2023	81aa1af8fe4a4fe0a7e27e93413819e3-oa-5
Published	11/02/2023	81aa1af8fe4a4fe0a7e27e93413819e3-oa-6
Published	09/29/2023	THis CXR is showing bilateral {{c1::consolidation}} of the periphery of the lung c/w with {{c2::COVID-19}}-pneumonia
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::Consolidation}} - any pathologic process that fills the alveoli with fluid, pus, blood, or cells (including tumor cells). {{c2::Atelectasis}}…
Published	09/29/2023	THis CXR is showing diffuse {{c3::alveolar}} opacities mainly in a perihilar distribution →  c/w with {{c2::pulmonary edema}}*interstitial
Published	09/29/2023	Pleural Space: space between the {{c1::visceral}} and {{c1::parietal}} pleura {{c2::Fissures}} = extension of the pleural space between lobes
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::Cavity}} = nodule with central translucency
Published	10/02/2023	Small cell carcinoma: {{c1::very high}} nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio (almost no cytoplasm visible), high mitotic count, nuclear molding (e.g. the tumo…
Published	11/02/2023	5e44449a83b14ed39c21bfeb2ba3a6b2-ao-1
Published	10/05/2023	5e44449a83b14ed39c21bfeb2ba3a6b2-ao-2
Published	10/09/2023	5e44449a83b14ed39c21bfeb2ba3a6b2-ao-3
Published	10/09/2023	5e44449a83b14ed39c21bfeb2ba3a6b2-ao-4
Published	11/02/2023	5e44449a83b14ed39c21bfeb2ba3a6b2-ao-5
Published	11/02/2023	5e44449a83b14ed39c21bfeb2ba3a6b2-ao-6
Published	10/09/2023	5e44449a83b14ed39c21bfeb2ba3a6b2-ao-7
Published	10/09/2023	5e44449a83b14ed39c21bfeb2ba3a6b2-ao-8
Published	11/02/2023	5e44449a83b14ed39c21bfeb2ba3a6b2-ao-9
Published	10/09/2023	5e44449a83b14ed39c21bfeb2ba3a6b2-ao-10
Published	10/09/2023	bdc012b09d184754b79770efc87d5669-ao-1
Published	10/09/2023	bdc012b09d184754b79770efc87d5669-ao-2
Published	11/02/2023	bdc012b09d184754b79770efc87d5669-ao-3
Published	10/09/2023	bdc012b09d184754b79770efc87d5669-ao-4
Published	10/09/2023	bdc012b09d184754b79770efc87d5669-ao-5
Published	10/09/2023	bdc012b09d184754b79770efc87d5669-ao-6
Published	10/05/2023	bdc012b09d184754b79770efc87d5669-ao-7
Published	10/09/2023	bdc012b09d184754b79770efc87d5669-ao-8
Published	10/09/2023	cf73002d165c462088fa977761952777-oa-1
Published	10/09/2023	cf73002d165c462088fa977761952777-oa-2
Published	10/09/2023	cf73002d165c462088fa977761952777-oa-3
Published	10/09/2023	cf73002d165c462088fa977761952777-oa-4
Published	10/05/2023	cf73002d165c462088fa977761952777-oa-5
Published	10/05/2023	cf73002d165c462088fa977761952777-oa-6
Published	10/09/2023	cf73002d165c462088fa977761952777-oa-7
Published	10/09/2023	Saddle PE- clot blocking bifurcation of pulmonary {{c1::trunk}} (between left and right pulmonary arteries) → causes bilateral perfusion issues- {{c3:…
Published	10/12/2023	Risk factors of DVT and PE1. hyper{{c1::coagulable}} state→ {{c8::SLE}}: downregulation of thrombomodulin and decreased protein S→ {{c7::factor V…
Published	10/09/2023	PE blocks blood flow to alveolar capillaries → decreased perfusion → leads to a pathogenic {{c1::high V/Q}} ratio
Published	10/09/2023	{{c1::duplex}} ultrasound is two different ultrasounds (traditional and Doppler) put together→ uses high frequency to measure the {{c2::speed}} of blo…
Published	10/09/2023	V/Q {{c1::specific}} and not {{c2::sensitive}} but CT angiogram is most {{c1::specific}} and {{c2::sensitive}}
Published	10/09/2023	Low molecular weight heparin {{c4::LMWH}} binds and potentiates action of antithrombin III → selectively binds and inhibits factor {{c3::Xa}} → decrea…
Published	10/09/2023	Risk factors for severe respiratory illness symptoms- age: *younger people have developing {{c1::respiratory}} systems so vulnerab…
Published	10/12/2023	Tylenol = acetaminophen- reversibly inhibits {{c1::COX}} enzyme in the brain, which secretes {{c2::prostaglandins}} → decreased {{c3::pain}} and {{c3:…
Published	10/09/2023	Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)- contains protein {{c2::F}} as virulence factor that promotes membrane fusion *Palivizumab: antibody against RS…
Published	11/02/2023	{{c1::keratin pearl}} seen in {{c2::squamous cell}} carcinoma
Status	Last Update	Fields