Notes in Lung Cancer LECTURE 15

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Published	01/07/2025	How do we classify tumours in the lungs?
Published	01/07/2025	What are the 3 malignant primary tumours of the lung?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe bronchogenic carcinoma (3)- frequency- which cells arise from- small or non small?
Published	01/07/2025	What are the two types of bronchogenic carcinoma?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe non small cell lung cancerDescribe small cell lung cancer
Published	01/07/2025	Describe adenocarcinoma in Situ (3)- frequency- cells arisen from- presentation fast or slow
Published	01/07/2025	Describe mesothelioma- tumour of?- associated with?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the age range of the majority of people diagnosed with lung cancer?In what people is lung cancer diagnosis more prevalent?
Published	01/07/2025	Which of the following is the biggest risk factor for developing lung cancer?1. Age2. Asbestos exposure3. Cigarette smoking4. Smoking marijuana5. Smok…
Published	01/07/2025	What is the main risk factor for lung cancer?Why?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe how the risk of lung cancer changes with passive smoking?
Published	01/07/2025	How does smoking cessation affect risk of lung cancer/quality of life?>Compare this to someone than has never smoked before.
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the relative risk of cigar smoking & pipe smoking.
Published	01/07/2025	What is the latent period from exposure to the development of bronchogenic lung cancer?
Published	01/07/2025	What are two substances that act synergistically causing harm to the lungs?What is the effect of these?
Published	01/07/2025	What disease is asbestos associated with?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the pathophysiology of bronchogenic lung cancer (3)- carcinogens damage DNA in? causing?- what can this progress to?- what cells do these the…
Published	01/07/2025	What are the two types of spread of lung cancers?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe local invasion of lung cancers.
Published	01/07/2025	Describe distant spread of lung cancer
Published	01/07/2025	Which of the following symptoms will make you worry about lung cancer in a 60 year old man who has been smoking for 45 years?1. Persistent cough2. Inc…
Published	01/07/2025	What are the most common symptoms of lung cancer?(4)
Published	01/07/2025	The following are all common symptoms of which condition?>Persistent cough>Breathlessness>Chest pain>Haemoptysis
Published	01/07/2025	What are non-specific systemic symptoms in advanced lung cancer?(3)
Published	01/07/2025	What are the signs of lung cancer? (8)
Published	01/07/2025	What are the clinical signs of pleural effusion? (4)
Published	01/07/2025	What is this picture showing?
Published	01/07/2025	What is this picture showing?
Published	01/07/2025	Which of these signs seen when you examine a 70 year old woman will make you concerned about lung cancer?1. Clubbing of fingernails2. CO2 retention fl…
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the WHO performance status scale
Published	01/07/2025	A 48 year old woman goes to her GP coughing up blood. She has been a heavy smoker since the age of 14. Which investigation should the GP organise imme…
Published	01/07/2025	What are the imaging modalities we carry out for suspected lung cancer? (3)
Published	01/07/2025	Why is CT of the thorax and abdomen with contrast essential when there is a patient with suspected lung cancer?
Published	01/07/2025	Modern scanners can detect? size?
Published	01/07/2025	What are the contraindications for using iodine?
Published	01/07/2025	Why is a conducting a PET Scan essential in a suspected lung cancer patient?
Published	01/07/2025	How does a PET scan work?- what chemical is taken up by rapidly metabolising cells?- what is released? detected by?
Published	01/07/2025	Highlight an advantage/disadvantage of PET scans.- good at detecting?- bad at detecting?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the sensitivity & specificity of PET scans. in %
Published	01/07/2025	Why would we carry out a bone scan on a patient?(2)- assess which fractures?
Published	01/07/2025	Why and when would we conduct an MRI thorax scan on a patient?
Published	01/07/2025	Why would we carry out a brain CT scan on a patient?When?
Published	01/07/2025	What blood tests would we test for in blood tests for suspected lung cancer?(4)
Published	01/07/2025	What is ectopic production of hormones?
Published	01/07/2025	What is paraneoplastic syndrome?- when can it occur? from which cells?- what does it cause?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the following referring to?>Certain lung cancers which arise from neuroendocrine cells >Cause ectopic productio…
Published	01/07/2025	What are the common hormones produced as a result of paraneoplastic syndrome?(3)- what do each cause?
Published	01/07/2025	Ectopic secretion of hormones can only occur in small cell lung cancers, true or false?
Published	01/07/2025	Most patients with lung cancer have COPD.True or False?
Published	01/07/2025	What tests are required prior to obtaining a CT guided lung biopsy?or prior to considering surgery/radiotherapy?(3)
Published	01/07/2025	When making a histological diagnosis of lung cancer, we need a piece of tissue. What is the way/where we can extract this tissue?
Published	01/07/2025	Invasive procedures are potentially risky, what must we consider before carrying out an invasive procedure?
Published	01/07/2025	What are the risks of biopsy?
Published	01/07/2025	How many bronchogenic lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancers and how many are small cell lung cancer?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the prognosis for non-small cell lung cancers in comparison to small cell lung cancers
Published	01/07/2025	Outline 4 features of small cell lung cancer.- arise from which cells?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe TNM classification
Published	01/07/2025	What are the steps in the management of lung cancer? (6)
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the difference between radical treatment and palliative treatment?
Published	01/07/2025	Give 2 examples of radical treatment (with curative intent)
Published	01/07/2025	Give 4 examples of palliative care treatment (aimed to improve symptoms)
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the ways in which non-small cell lung cancer can be managed. (5)
Published	01/07/2025	What is the name of the procedure where a whole LOBE of the lung is removed?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the name of the procedure where one lung is removed?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the name of the procedure when part of a lobe is removed?
Published	01/07/2025	What are the various ways in which small cell lung cancer is usually managed?
Published	01/07/2025	How does immunotherapy for lung cancer work?
Published	01/07/2025	What are the aims of palliative care? (3)
Published	01/07/2025	Palliative care aims to prevent and relieve:{{c1::Physical}} suffering{{c1::Psychological}} suffering{{c1::Spiritual}} help{{c1::Social}}
Published	01/07/2025	Survival in lung cancer:What is the overall 1 year survival rate for men/women?What is the overall 5 year survival rate?
Published	01/07/2025	How can we prevent lung cancer? (5)
Published	01/07/2025	How can we detect lung cancer early? (3)
Published	01/07/2025	What is Squamous metaplasia?
Published	01/07/2025	When there is tracheal deviation and the trachea deviates towards that side, what do we suspect?When there is tracheal deviation and the trachea devia…
Published	01/07/2025	The following are non-specific systemic symptoms in what disease?>Weight loss>Lethargy>Bone pain
Published	01/07/2025	benign, non-cancerous change as a response to irritation and inflammation.
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