Notes in 15-16HipComplex

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Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Angle of torsion}} of the femur reflects the {{c2::medial::medial/lateral}} torsion that happened during embryonic development of the lower extr…
Published	07/30/2024	The angle of torsion of the femur {{c1::decreases::increases/decreases}} with age
Published	07/30/2024	The normal angle of torsion is {{c1::10°–20°}}, {{c2::wider::wider/narrower}} in women ({{c2::18°::specific angle}}) compared to men ({{c2::15°::…
Published	07/30/2024	The normal angle of torsion is {{c1::30°–40°}} at birth, {{c2::decreasing::increasing/decreasing}} by {{c1::1.5°}} per year until skeletal maturi…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Femoral anteversion}} is the anterior torsion ({{c2::medial::medial/lateral}} rotation) of the femur where the angle of torsion is {{c1::&g…
Published	07/30/2024	Femoral {{c1::ante::ante/retro}}version exposes the femoral articular surface anteriorly, {{c1::decreasing::increasing/decreasing}} stabilit…
Published	07/30/2024	Femoral anteversion is associated with {{c1::coxa valga::type of hip deformity}}
Published	07/30/2024	Femoral anteversion {{c1::decreases::increases/decreases}} the moment arm of the abductors as line of pull falls {{c2::posterior::direction}} to …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Femoral retroversion}} is the posterior torsion / lateral rotation of the femur where the angle of torsion is {{c1::<15°–20°}}, leading to {{…
Published	07/30/2024	Femoral retroversion is associated with {{c1::coxa valga or coxa vara::type of hip deformity}}
Published	07/30/2024	Femoral retroversion increases risk for {{c1::labral tears}} and {{c1::progressive hip joint disease (OA)}}
Published	07/30/2024	The hip joint is congruent in {{c1::weight bearing::state}}
Published	07/30/2024	When standing, the {{c1::anterior}} and {{c1::superior}} surfaces of the hip are exposed
Published	07/30/2024	During FABER (flexion, abduction, external rotation), the articular contact of the hip joint {{c1::increases (making it the position with OPTIMAL CONG…
Published	07/30/2024	The hip joint capsule is attached to the {{c1::periphery of the acetabulum}} proximally and to the {{c1::base of the femoral neck}} distally
Published	07/30/2024	Among the intracapsular structures of the hip are the {{c1::femoral head & neck::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Among the extracapsular structures of the hip are the {{c1::femoral greater & lesser trochanter::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	The hip joint capsule is thick {{c1::anterosuperiorly}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::zona orbicularis}} is the circumferential structure near the {{c2::distal::distal/proximal}} attachment of the hip joint capsule that forms …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::The synovial membrane::what joint structure}} lines the inside of the hip joint capsule
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Retinacular fibers}} deep in the capsule carry {{c1::retinacular blood vessels}} that supply the femoral head and neck
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::retinacular blood vessels::vessels}} that supply the femoral head and neck arise from the {{c2::medial and lateral circumflex aa. (vasc…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::ligamentum teres}} is a triangular band (ligament) in the hip joint that attaches from the {{c2::peripheral edge of acetabular notch}} and a…
Published	07/30/2024	The ligamentum teres is tight in {{c1::lateral rotation with hip in 10° flexion}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::iliofemoral}} ligament is located anteriorly on the hip; it is fan-shaped and inverted Y shaped
Published	07/30/2024	The iliofemoral ligament is AKA the {{c1::Y ligament of Bigelow}}, due to the Y shape formed by its {{c1::2::how many}} bands
Published	07/30/2024	The iliofemoral ligament attaches proximally to the {{c1::AIIS}} and distally to the {{c1::intertrochanteric line}}
Published	07/30/2024	The iliofemoral ligament's {{c1::superior}} band is the strongest and thickest of the hip joint ligaments
Published	07/30/2024	The pubofemoral ligament attaches proximally to the {{c1::anterior aspect of the pubic ramus}} and distally to the {{c1::anterior aspect of intertroch…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments::2 anterior ligaments}} of the hip joint form a letter Z shape on the anterior capsule
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::ischiofemoral ligament}} is a posterior capsular ligament of the hip that attaches proximally to the {{c1::posterior surface of acetabular r…
Published	07/30/2024	The ischiofemoral ligament also has other fibers arranged horizontally that attach to the {{c1::inner surface of the greater trochanter}}
Published	07/30/2024	majority of the hip joint ligaments are quite strong and each tightens with {{c1::full hip extension (hyperextension)}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::iliofemoral ligament}} is the primary stabilizing component of the anterior hip joint
Published	07/30/2024	in dislocated dysplastic hips, the capsule and ligaments are strong enough to support the femoral head in weight bearing{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	in dislocated dysplastic hips, the capsule gets impregnated with cartilage cells and contribute to a sliding surface for the head referred to as the {…
Published	07/30/2024	The normal line of gravity in bilateral stance falls {{c1::behind/posterior::direction}} to the hip joint axis, creating a gravitational {{c1::ex…
Published	07/30/2024	The hips are in close-packed position when it is in {{c1::extension, slight abduction, internal rotation}}
Published	07/30/2024	The hips are in open/loose-packed position when it is in {{c1::moderate flexion, slight abduction, mid-rotation}}. In this position, the hip joint is …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Trabeculae}} are calcified plates of tissue within the cancellous bone.
Published	07/30/2024	The trabecular patterns of trabeculae line up along the {{c1::lines of stress}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::medial (principal compressive)}} trabecular system starts from the {{c2::medial cortex of the upper femoral}} shaft, travels {{c3:…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::medial (principal compressive)}} trabecular system is oriented along the {{c2::vertical compressive::direction and type of}} forces passing …
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::lateral (principal tensile)}} trabecular system starts from {{c2::lateral cortex of the upper femoral shaft}}, travels all the way alon…
Published	07/30/2024	In ipsilateral cane use, {{c1::15%::how much %}} of BW follows the arm to the cane
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Total hip joint compression:1) Ipsilateral Cane Use2) Compensatory trunk lean{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Contralateral cane use has {{c1::the same (15%)::greater/less}} reduction in transmission of body weight to the weight bearing hip compared to ipsilat…
Published	07/30/2024	Contralateral cane use puts the cane in a position to assist the {{c1::abductor}} muscles in providing countertorque to gravity, specifically activati…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)}} is generally the dysfunctional abutment of the {{c2::proximal femur}} and {{c2::acetabulum}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::CAM impingement}} refers to the {{c1::pistol grip deformity}} of the femoral neck, where the neck fails to taper (it's thick where it should be …
Published	07/30/2024	The deformed femoral neck in CAM impingement leads to {{c1::poor::improved/poor}} clearance of the femur during hip {{c1::flexion::what motion}} and {…
Published	07/30/2024	CAM impingement leads to undersurface wear and tear to the {{c1::anterosuperior}} region of the {{c1::labrum}} and {{c1::articular cartilage}} of the …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pincer impingement::hip joint pathology}} is due to the {{c2::increased coverage or overhang}} of the acetabulum on the femoral head caused by:-…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pincer impingement::What hip joint pathology}} compresses the {{c2::superior labrum}} between the acetabular rim and femoral head/neck in {…
Published	07/30/2024	Labral pathology often coexists with {{c1::femoroacetabular impingment (FAI)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Labral pathology may be a result of a single traumatic injury caused by:- {{c1::rapid and forceful rotation of the hip}}- {{c1::dislocation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Tension in the hip capsuloligamentous structures, such as when throwing and swinging, creates extreme strain through the {{c1::anterior labrum}} causi…
Published	07/30/2024	Osteoarthritis can be caused by:- {{c1::femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)}}- {{c1::Labral tears}}- {{c1::Chronic synovial irritation}}- {{c1::Joint f…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Osteoarthritis}} is the most common painful condition of the hip
Published	07/30/2024	In the absence of preexisting trauma or biomechanical abnormality, another possible cause of osteoarthritis would be {{c1::inadequate (rather than exc…
Published	07/30/2024	Bone fracture is a failure of the bone caused by:- {{c1::abnormal increase in force magnitude}}- {{c1::weakened bone}}
Published	07/30/2024	In aging women, there is a significant trabecular density loss in the {{c1::superior}}, {{c1::lateral}}, and {{c1::posterior}} portion of the femoral …
Published	07/30/2024	Femoral neck fractures are uncommon in {{c1::children}} or {{c1::young adults}}
Published	07/30/2024	Femoral neck fractures disrupt the {{c1::circumflex}} arterial supply in the femoral neck which puts the femoral head at risk for {{c1::avascular necr…
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Total hip joint compression:1) Ipsilateral Cane Use2) Contralateral Cane Use{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::lateral (principal tensile)}} trabecular system is {{c2::oblique::direction}} and develop in response to {{c3::parallel (shear)}} …
Published	07/30/2024	3 MINOR TRABECULAR SYSTEMS{{c1::Secondary (Accessory) Compressive}}{{c1::Secondary (Accessory) Tensile}}{{c1::Trochanteric System}}
Published	07/30/2024	The trochanteric system develops in accordance with the pull of your {{c1::abductor muscles::muscle group}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::zone of weakness or Ward's Triangle}} is the area with relatively thin trabeculae and do not cross each other.
Published	07/30/2024	The primary weightbearing area of the acetabulum is the {{c1::superior}} portion of the {{c1::lunate}} surface.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::superior}} portion of the lunate surface shows greatest degenerative changes since its the area of greatest pressure.
Published	07/30/2024	In the femoral head, its {{c2::superior}} portion is the primary weightbearing area which {{c1::flattens}} during degeneration.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Full loading}} of the hip is needed to achieve congruence.
Published	07/30/2024	Frequent and complete {{c1::compression and release}} = better cartilage nutrition
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Persistent incongruence}} during weightbearing could result in {{c2::incomplete::complete/incomplete}} compression of the dome cartilage.
Published	07/30/2024	Persistent incongruence → incomplete compression → inadequate fluid exchange → {{c1::decreases::increases/decreases}} cartilage nutrition
Published	07/30/2024	ROM of hip flexion with knee extended - {{c1::90°}}
Published	07/30/2024	ROM of hip flexion with knee flexed - {{c1::120°}}
Published	07/30/2024	ROM of hip extension- {{c1::10-30°}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hip extension is limited by the {{c1::rectus femoris}} due to passive tension with knee {{c2::flexed::position}}.
Published	07/30/2024	ROM of hip abduction - {{c1::45-50°}}
Published	07/30/2024	ROM of hip adduction - {{c1::20-30°}}
Published	07/30/2024	ROM of hip medial/lateral rotation - {{c1::42-50°}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hip abduction is limited by {{c1::Gracilis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hip adduction is limited by {{c1::iliotibial band (ITB) }}
Published	07/30/2024	For normal gait at level ground,ROM needed for flexion: {{c1::30°}}
Published	07/30/2024	For normal gait at level ground,ROM needed for extension (hyperextension): {{c1::10°}}
Published	07/30/2024	For normal gait at level ground,ROM needed for abduction/adduction: {{c1::5°}}
Published	07/30/2024	For normal gait at level ground,ROM needed for medial/lateral rotation: {{c1::5°}}
Published	07/30/2024	When walking on an elevated surface, more ROM will be required particularly for {{c1::hip flexion::joint + movement}}, such as when climbing up the st…
Published	07/30/2024	The acetabulum moves on the femur only during {{c1::weight-bearing}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Anterior and posterior pelvic tilt occur at the {{c1::sagittal}} plane around a {{c1::coronal}} axis.
Published	07/30/2024	Lateral pelvic tilt occur at the {{c1::frontal}} plane around the {{c1::AP}} axis.
Published	07/30/2024	In anterior pelvic tilt, the {{c3::ASIS}} moves {{c1::anteriorly}} and {{c1::inferiorly}}, producing {{c2::hip flexion::joint movement}}
Published	07/30/2024	In posterior pelvic tilt, the {{c3::symphysis pubis}} moves {{c1::superiorly}} and {{c1::backward}}, producing {{c2::hip extension::joint movement}}
Published	07/30/2024	During {{c2::pelvic hike::type of lateral pelvic tilt}}, the opposite (non-weightbearing side) elevates while the weight-bearing hip {{c1::abducts::mo…
Published	07/30/2024	During {{c2::pelvic drop::type of lateral pelvic tilt}}, the opposite (non-weightbearing side) drops while the weight-bearing hip {{c1::adducts::movem…
Published	07/30/2024	During {{c2::pelvic drop::type of lateral pelvic tilt}}, non-weightbearing hip {{c1::abducts}}
Published	07/30/2024	During {{c2::pelvic hike::type of lateral pelvic tilt}}, non-weightbearing hip {{c1::adducts}}
Published	07/30/2024	In the lateral shift of the pelvis, only {{c1::pelvic drop::type of lateral pelvic tilt}} is possible.
Published	07/30/2024	Forward and backward pelvic rotation occurs in the {{c1::transverse}} plane around a {{c1::vertical}} axis.
Published	07/30/2024	In forward (anterior) rotation, the side of the pelvis opposite to the weightbearing hip joint moves {{c1::anteriorly}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In backward (posterior) rotation, the side of the pelvis opposite to the weightbearing hip joint moves {{c1::posteriorly}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In backward (posterior) rotation, {{c1::lateral}} rotation of the weight-bearing hip joint occurs.
Published	07/30/2024	In forward (anterior) rotation, {{c1::medial}} rotation of the weight-bearing hip joint occurs.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pelvifemoral motion}}, also known as {{c1::pelvifemoral rhythm}}, is the coordinated motion of the femur, pelvis, and spine to produce a larger …
Published	07/30/2024	PELVIS, HIP, AND LUMBAR SPINE DURING RIGHT LE WEIGHT-BEARING AND UPRIGHT POSTUREPelvic motion: {{c3::anterior pelvic tilt}}Accompanying hip joint moti…
Published	07/30/2024	PELVIS, HIP, AND LUMBAR SPINE DURING RIGHT LE WEIGHT-BEARING AND UPRIGHT POSTUREPelvic motion: {{c3::posterior pelvic tilt}}Accompanying hip joint mot…
Published	07/30/2024	PELVIS, HIP, AND LUMBAR SPINE DURING RIGHT LE WEIGHT-BEARING AND UPRIGHT POSTUREPelvic motion: {{c3::lateral pelvic tilt (pelvic drop)}}Accompanying h…
Published	07/30/2024	PELVIS, HIP, AND LUMBAR SPINE DURING RIGHT LE WEIGHT-BEARING AND UPRIGHT POSTUREPelvic motion: {{c3::lateral pelvic tilt (pelvic hike)}}Accompanying h…
Published	07/30/2024	PELVIS, HIP, AND LUMBAR SPINE DURING RIGHT LE WEIGHT-BEARING AND UPRIGHT POSTUREPelvic motion: {{c3::forward rotation}}Accompanying hip joint motion: …
Published	07/30/2024	PELVIS, HIP, AND LUMBAR SPINE DURING RIGHT LE WEIGHT-BEARING AND UPRIGHT POSTUREPelvic motion: {{c3::backward rotation}}Accompanying hip joint motion:…
Published	07/30/2024	Two-joint (hip and knee) muscles generate greatest force when {{c1::NOT required to shorten over BOTH joints simultaneously}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Tension generation is optimal with this order:{{c1::Eccentric}} contractions → {{c1::isometric}} contractions → {{c1::concentric}} contractions
Published	07/30/2024	The head, arms, and trunk comprise {{c1::2/3::fraction}} of the body weight.
Published	07/30/2024	Hip adductors function as {{c2::flexors}} when hip is {{c1::in neutral}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Hip adductors function as {{c2::extensors}} when hip is {{c1::flexed}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The piriformis functions as {{c2::lateral rotator}} when hip is {{c1::at 0° flexion}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The piriformis functions as {{c2::medial rotator}} when hip is {{c1::at 90° flexion}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The hip flexors primarily function as {{c1::mobility muscles}} in open-chain function.
Published	07/30/2024	The secondary function of hip flexors is to {{c1::resist extension}} as the body passes over the weight-bearing foot.
Published	07/30/2024	The position of the knee during hip flexion will affect the {{c1::rectus femoris::2-joint muscle}} ability to generate force at the hip
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::sartorius}} is a 2-joint muscle that functions as the {{c1::FABER}} of the hip.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::sartorius}} is a 2-joint muscle that functions as the {{c1::flexor and medial rotator}} of the knee.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::tensor fascia lata (TFL)}} functions as the {{c1::FABIR}} of the hip.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::tensor fascia lata (TFL)}} inserts at the iliotibial band (ITB).
Published	07/30/2024	The tension of the iliotibial band (ITB) is maintained by {{c1::tensor fascia lata (TFL)}} and {{c1::gluteus maximus}}
Published	07/30/2024	The iliotibial band assists in relieving the {{c1::femoral shaft::bone}} of {{c1::tensile}} stresses from weight-bearing.
Published	07/30/2024	The hip {{c1::adductors}} are found in the medial compartment of the thigh.
Published	07/30/2024	The hip adductors include the following muscles:{{c1::PectineusAdductor brevisAdductor longusAdductor magnusGracilis::5}}
Published	07/30/2024	The hip adductors are synergists to {{c2::abductors}} when {{c1::both feet are on the ground (bilateral stance)}}
Published	07/30/2024	The gracilis is a 2-joint muscle and is an active {{c1::flexor}} when knee is {{c2::extended}}
Published	07/30/2024	The primary hip extensors are the {{c1::gluteus maximus}} & the {{c1::hamstrings}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The primary hip extensors are assisted by posterior fibers of the following:{{c1::Gluteus mediusAdductor magnusPiriformis::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::gluteus maximus}} is a 1-joint muscle, and is the largest muscle in the lower extremity (LE).
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::gluteus maximus}} is active primarily against a {{c2::resistance greater than the weight of the limb}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The moment arm of the gluteus maximus is {{c1::longer::shorter/longer}} than hamstrings or adductor magnus, and is maximal when the hip is i…
Published	07/30/2024	The optimal length-tension of the gluteus maximus is at {{c1::70° flexion}}
Published	07/30/2024	The hamstrings is a 2-joint muscle that includes the following muscles:{{c1::Biceps femoris SemitendinosusSemimembranosus::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	The hamstrings originate from the {{c1::ischial tuberosity}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The hamstrings {{c1::extend}} the hip {{c2::with or without::without/with}} resistance and can also {{c1::flex}} the knee
Published	07/30/2024	The moment arm of the hamstrings for hip extension increases as it flexes to {{c1::35°}}, and decreases when it flexes beyond {{c1::35°}}
Published	07/30/2024	The hamstrings is unable to contribute much to hip extension force when the hip is {{c1::extended}} and knee is {{c1::flexed to greater than or equal …
Published	07/30/2024	Optimal length-tension relationship for long head of biceps femoris is at {{c1::90° hip flexion and 90° knee flexion::two angles and joint movements}}…
Published	07/30/2024	The hip {{c1::abductors::muscle group}} is also known as the rotator cuff of the hip because they envelop the hip joint.
Published	07/30/2024	In the hip's own "rotator cuff," it is the {{c1::gluteus medius}} that parallels the supraspinatus.
Published	07/30/2024	In the hip's own "rotator cuff," it is the {{c1::gluteus minimus}} that parallels the subscapularis.
Published	07/30/2024	The tensor fascia lata (TFL) becomes an effective {{c2::abductor}} only during {{c1::simultaneous flexion}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Aside from hip abduction, the anterior fibers of the gluteus medius help in {{c1::hip flexion}}
Published	07/30/2024	Aside from hip abduction, the posterior fibers of the gluteus medius help in {{c1::hip extension}}
Published	07/30/2024	All fibers of the gluteus medius {{c1::abduct::movement}} regardless of hip position.
Published	07/30/2024	In the {{c1::neutral}} hip, the {{c3::posterior}} fibers of the gluteus medius help in {{c2::lateral rotation}}
Published	07/30/2024	In the {{c1::neutral}} hip, the anterior and middle fibers of the gluteus medius help in {{c2::medial}} rotation
Published	07/30/2024	In the {{c1::flexed}} hip, all fibers of the gluteus medius help in {{c2::medial}} rotation
Published	07/30/2024	The gluteus minimus is a hip {{c1::abductor, flexor, medial rotator::3 movements}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::gluteus minimus::muscle}} is a {{c1::femoral head}} stabilizer.
Published	07/30/2024	In unilateral stance, both gluteus medius and minimus stabilize {{c1::pelvis and HAT}} against gravity.
Published	07/30/2024	In unilateral stance, both gluteus medius and minimus offset {{c1::gravitation adduction torque}} on pelvis (pelvic drop) around the weight-bearing hi…
Published	07/30/2024	Both gluteus medius and minimus are most effective in {{c1::neutral or slightly adducted::position}} hip.
Published	07/30/2024	The hip joint, also known as the {{c1::coxofemoral}} joint, is composed of the {{c2::acetabulum of the pelvis}} and the {{c2::femoral h…
Published	07/30/2024	The hip joint is a {{c1::diarthrodial, ball-and-socket::joint type}} joint.
Published	07/30/2024	3 degrees of freedom of the hip joint:{{c1::flexion/extension}} in the {{c1::sagittal}} plane{{c1::abduction/adduction}} in the {{c1::frontal}} plane{…
Published	07/30/2024	The primary function of the hip joint is to {{c1::support the HAT}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::ilium::bone}} makes up the {{c2::superior 2/5}} of the acetabulum.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::ischium::bone}} makes up the {{c2::posterior 2/5}} of the acetabulum.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::pubis::bone}} makes up the {{c2::anterior 1/5}} of the acetabulum.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::lunate surface}} is the periphery of the acetabulum covered with horshoe-shaped hyaline cartilage.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::acetabular notch}} is the inferior aspect of the lunate surface that is devoid of any cartilage.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::acetabular fossa}} is the fibro-osseous tunnel formed when the acetabular notch is bridged by the {{c2::transverse acetabular liga…
Published	07/30/2024	Only the {{c1::upper::direction}} margin of the acetabulum has a true circular contour.
Published	07/30/2024	The acetabulum is positioned {{c1::laterally}} with an {{c1::inferior and anterior tilt}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The acetabulum is {{c1::laterally::direction}} inclined {{c1::50}} degrees in the {{c1::frontal}} plane.
Published	07/30/2024	The acetabulum is {{c1::anteriorly::direction}} rotated {{c1::20}} degrees in the {{c1::transverse}} plane.
Published	07/30/2024	The acetabulum is {{c1::anteriorly::direction}} tilted {{c1::20}} degrees in the {{c1::sagittal}} plane.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Acetabular dysplasia}} refers to an abnormally shallow acetabulum that results to lack of femoral head coverage.
Published	07/30/2024	Acetabular dysplasia causes instability and abnormal loading at the {{c1::superior acetabular rim}}; the femoral head may eventually dislocate&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::acetabular protrusio}}: femoral head protruding into pelvic cavity
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::coxa profunda}}: acetabulum excessively covers the femoral head
Published	07/30/2024	Coxa profunda and acetabular protrusio lead to {{c1::excessive coverage::excessive coverage/undercoverage}} of the femoral head.
Published	07/30/2024	Center Edge Angledefinite dysplasia: {{c1::<16}} degrees
Published	07/30/2024	Center Edge Anglepossible dysplasia: {{c1::16-25}} degrees
Published	07/30/2024	Center Edge Anglenormal: {{c1::25-40}} degrees
Published	07/30/2024	Center Edge Angleacetabular overcoverage: {{c1::>40}} degrees
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::acetabular labrum}} is a wedge-shaped fibrocartilage that covers the entire periphery of the acetabulum and increases the stabilit…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::transverse acetabular ligament}} is a part of the acetabular labrum which contains {{c2::no::no/more}} cartilage cells (in contrast to …
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::angle of inclination}} of the femur occurs in the {{c2::frontal}} plane and is formed by 2 lines:- {{c3::long axis of th…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::angle of torsion}} of the femur occurs in the {{c2::transverse}} plane and is formed by the:- {{c3::axis through femoral…
Published	07/30/2024	Fetal Development and Angles of the FemurDuring the early stages the limb buds project {{c1::laterally as if in full abduction::direction}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fetal Development and Angles of the FemurDuring the {{c1::7th-8th weeks}} the limb buds {{c2::adduct}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Fetal Development and Angles of the FemurAt the end of the {{c1::8th week}}, the upper limb undergoes {{c2::lateral::direction}} torsio…
Published	07/30/2024	With a normal angle of inclination, the greater trochanter lies at the level of the {{c1::center}} of the femoral head.
Published	07/30/2024	The normal value range for the angle of inclination is {{c1::110°-144°}} with an average of {{c1::125°}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The angle of inclination is {{c1::150°::numeric value}} at birth and {{c2::125°::numeric value}} at skeletal maturity.
Published	07/30/2024	The angle of inclination is greater in {{c1::men::men/women}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Coxa valga}} is an abnormal increase in the angle of inclination: {{c1::>125°::numeric value}} adult angle.
Published	07/30/2024	Coxa valga {{c1::decreases::increases/decreases}} the moment arm of hip abductors causing an {{c1::increased::increased/decreased}} dem…
Published	07/30/2024	Coxa valga {{c1::decreases::increases/decreases}} femoral head coverage.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Coxa vara}} is an abnormal decrease in angle of inclination: {{c1::<125°::numeric value}} adult angle.
Published	07/30/2024	Coxa vara {{c1::increases::increases/decreases}} head coverage, stability, moment arm of abductors, and bending moment on femoral head and n…
Published	07/30/2024	The increased bending moment on the femoral head and neck in coxa vara {{c1::increases::decreases/increases}} the risk for femoral neck fractures…
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