Review Note
Last Update: 10/31/2024 01:04 AM
Current Deck: 6250 Questions
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Front
Explain the role of geotechnical instrumentation, such as inclinometers and piezometers, in providing data on ground conditions and helping to prevent tunnel collapse or ground failure. (5 marks)
Back
Inclinometers
- Function: Inclinometers measure lateral ground movement, often installed in boreholes along the tunnel alignment or near critical structures.
- Role in Stability: By detecting shifts in soil or rock layers, inclinometers provide valuable information on ground stability. Early detection of lateral movement helps prevent tunnel collapse by indicating when additional ground support or changes in excavation strategy may be necessary.
Piezometers
- Function: Piezometers measure groundwater pressure and fluctuations in water levels around the tunnel.
- Role in Stability: Piezometer data is crucial for managing groundwater and hydrostatic pressure, which can destabilize the tunnel if not controlled. By tracking water pressure, engineers can adjust dewatering systems to prevent water ingress, erosion, or increased pressure on tunnel linings.
Extensometers
- Function: Extensometers measure the distance between two points in the ground, capturing data on vertical displacement or convergence within soil or rock layers.
- Role in Stability: Extensometers are essential for detecting subsurface settlement or upward displacement, which may indicate changes in stress distribution that could impact tunnel stability. This data helps engineers anticipate ground relaxation or compression, allowing for timely reinforcement.
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