Notes in Pharm 241

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	02/20/2024	BACKGROUND – Constipation• Constipation: fewer than {{c1::3 bowel movements (BMs) per week, withstraining and difficulty passage of hard, dry sto…
Published	02/20/2024	EXCLUSIONS TO SELF-CARE (Constipation)• Severe {{c1::abdominal pain or distention or cramping}}• Flatulence of {{c1::unknown etiology}}• {{c1::Fe…
Published	02/20/2024	TREATMENT GOALS and GENERAL APPROACHTreatment Goals• Relief of symptoms• Reestablish normal bowel function• Establish lifestyle to prevent recurrence•…
Published	02/20/2024	NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY – Constipation{{c1::Balanced diet}}• Fruits, vegetables, fiber (whole grain, wheat bran)• {{c2::25}} grams fiber…
Published	02/20/2024	PHARMACOTHERAPY – Constipation• Most laxatives provide relief with {{c1::3 – 72}} hours• Enemas – evacuation within {{c1::minutes}}• Av…
Published	02/20/2024	**Bulk-Forming Laxatives• {{c1::Methylcellulose}}, {{c1::psyllium}}, {{c1::polycarbophil}}Use: short-term treatment to relieve constipa…
Published	02/20/2024	6c6c7d50ab224d06b4c43647d476e795-oa-1
Published	02/20/2024	**Emollient Laxatives• Docusate sodium {{c1::100 mg/capsule}} or docusate calcium {{c1::240 mg/capsule}}• Stool softeners: {{c2::anion surfactants, in…
Published	02/20/2024	3aace978b45b43709012a174babfd968-oa-1
Published	02/20/2024	3aace978b45b43709012a174babfd968-oa-2
Published	02/20/2024	3aace978b45b43709012a174babfd968-oa-3
Published	02/20/2024	3aace978b45b43709012a174babfd968-oa-4
Published	02/20/2024	3aace978b45b43709012a174babfd968-oa-5
Published	02/20/2024	3aace978b45b43709012a174babfd968-oa-6
Published	02/25/2024	cbce1d98f724483e9fac22e437de1447-oa-1
Published	02/20/2024	cbce1d98f724483e9fac22e437de1447-oa-2
Published	02/20/2024	cbce1d98f724483e9fac22e437de1447-oa-3
Published	02/20/2024	cbce1d98f724483e9fac22e437de1447-oa-4
Published	02/20/2024	**Stimulant Laxatives• {{c1::Senna}}, {{c1::bisacodyl}}• ↑ {{c2::intestinal motility}}, ↑ {{c2::secretion of water and electrolytes in the intestine}}…
Published	02/20/2024	a79158401e334b13a0418b764e4daa0f-oa-1
Published	02/20/2024	a79158401e334b13a0418b764e4daa0f-oa-2
Published	02/20/2024	a79158401e334b13a0418b764e4daa0f-oa-3
Published	02/20/2024	a79158401e334b13a0418b764e4daa0f-oa-4
Published	02/20/2024	a79158401e334b13a0418b764e4daa0f-oa-5
Published	02/20/2024	Hyperosmotic Laxatives{{c1::Polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG-3350)}}, {{c1::glycerin }}Contain {{c2::large molecule}}, poorly absorbed {{c2::ions}} to dr…
Published	02/20/2024	98b85ee362734e61ae23b1402e412eb2-oa-1
Published	02/20/2024	98b85ee362734e61ae23b1402e412eb2-oa-2
Published	02/20/2024	9f9e079baccc4b73b68fda53026c14e4-oa-1
Published	02/20/2024	9f9e079baccc4b73b68fda53026c14e4-oa-2
Published	02/25/2024	9f9e079baccc4b73b68fda53026c14e4-oa-3
Published	02/20/2024	9f9e079baccc4b73b68fda53026c14e4-oa-4
Published	02/20/2024	Saline Laxatives• {{c1::Magnesium citrate,}} {{c1::magnesium hydroxide}}, {{c1::magnesium sulfate,}} {{c1::dibasic or monobasic sodium phosphate}}• Dr…
Published	02/20/2024	a881139958374831b052cded647f0597-oa-1
Published	02/20/2024	a881139958374831b052cded647f0597-oa-2
Published	02/20/2024	a881139958374831b052cded647f0597-oa-3
Published	02/20/2024	a881139958374831b052cded647f0597-oa-4
Published	02/20/2024	Lubricant Laxatives• Mineral oil: softens fecal content through coating stool and prevents colonicabsorption of fecal water• Generally avoided, if pos…
Published	02/20/2024	959a64b9137541eca356aa42ef8dc0cc-oa-1
Published	02/20/2024	be6e9505fe7c4fc68806b6087cb59625-oa-1
Published	02/20/2024	be6e9505fe7c4fc68806b6087cb59625-oa-2
Published	02/20/2024	be6e9505fe7c4fc68806b6087cb59625-oa-3
Published	02/20/2024	be6e9505fe7c4fc68806b6087cb59625-oa-4
Published	02/20/2024	be6e9505fe7c4fc68806b6087cb59625-oa-5
Published	02/20/2024	Laxative OveruseCommon in the {{c1::elderly}}, people who fear constipation, due to misconception of {{c1::normal BM patterns, eating disorders}}• Enc…
Published	02/20/2024	BACKGROUND – DiarrheaDefinitions:• Acute diarrhea: symptoms lasting {{c1::<14 days}}, managed with fluid, electrolyte, dietary intervention, and OT…
Published	02/20/2024	EXCLUSION TO SELF-CARE (Diarrhea)• Young age ({{c1::<6 months or ≤ 17.5 pounds or 8kg)}}• Persistent fever, {{c1::≥ 102.2°F in kids, ≥ 6 month…
Published	02/20/2024	TREATMENT GOALS and GENERAL APPROACHTreatment Goals• Prevent or correct fluid & electrolyte loss and acid-base disturbance• Control symptoms• Iden…
Published	02/20/2024	Hydration and Dietary ManagementOral Rehydration Solutions (ORS)• Children: use premixed solutions• Sport drinks, colas, ginger ale, apple juice: not …
Published	02/20/2024	**Loperamide• {{c1::Synthetic opioid agonist}}• Stimulates peripheral micro-opioid receptors on intestinal muscles  slows intestinal motility  allow…
Published	02/20/2024	5cd5e218a1ec4ac0850d1c3feb79095d-oa-1
Published	02/20/2024	5cd5e218a1ec4ac0850d1c3feb79095d-oa-2
Published	02/20/2024	5cd5e218a1ec4ac0850d1c3feb79095d-oa-3
Published	02/20/2024	5cd5e218a1ec4ac0850d1c3feb79095d-oa-4
Published	02/20/2024	5cd5e218a1ec4ac0850d1c3feb79095d-oa-5
Published	02/20/2024	5cd5e218a1ec4ac0850d1c3feb79095d-oa-6
Published	02/25/2024	5cd5e218a1ec4ac0850d1c3feb79095d-oa-7
Published	02/20/2024	5cd5e218a1ec4ac0850d1c3feb79095d-oa-8
Published	02/20/2024	5cd5e218a1ec4ac0850d1c3feb79095d-oa-9
Published	02/20/2024	5cd5e218a1ec4ac0850d1c3feb79095d-oa-10
Published	02/25/2024	5cd5e218a1ec4ac0850d1c3feb79095d-oa-11
Published	02/20/2024	5cd5e218a1ec4ac0850d1c3feb79095d-oa-12
Published	02/20/2024	5cd5e218a1ec4ac0850d1c3feb79095d-oa-13
Published	02/20/2024	5cd5e218a1ec4ac0850d1c3feb79095d-oa-14
Published	02/20/2024	db3e61e2e69e4e8ab68fc00f3072dff7-oa-1
Published	02/20/2024	db3e61e2e69e4e8ab68fc00f3072dff7-oa-2
Published	02/20/2024	**Bismuth Subsalicylate (BSS)• Interacts with {{c1::HCl}} in stomach --> {{c1::bismuth oxychloride + salicylic acid}}• Bismuth: {{c2::antimicr…
Published	02/25/2024	f6be854f2ad34d24a9ff6d104ed72f00-oa-1
Published	02/20/2024	f6be854f2ad34d24a9ff6d104ed72f00-oa-2
Published	02/20/2024	f6be854f2ad34d24a9ff6d104ed72f00-oa-3
Published	02/25/2024	f6be854f2ad34d24a9ff6d104ed72f00-oa-4
Published	02/20/2024	f6be854f2ad34d24a9ff6d104ed72f00-oa-5
Published	02/20/2024	Special Population• Lactose intolerant patients may use {{c1::lactase enzyme preparations}}• May take with milk or other dairy products to prevent dia…
Published	02/25/2024	64996ee615d14378944dbcadce0eea7d-oa-1
Published	02/20/2024	BACKGROUND – Nausea & Vomiting (N/V)Common Self-Care N/V Disorders:• Motion sickness ({{c1::women, children 2 -15 years of age}})• Pregnancy ({{c1…
Published	02/20/2024	EXCLUSIONS FOR SELF-CARE – Nausea & Vomiting• {{c1::Diabetics}} with signs of dehydration• Suspected {{c1::food poisoning}}, not cleared…
Published	02/20/2024	TREATMENT GOALS and GENERAL APPROACHTreatment Goals• Relief of symptoms• Identify and correct underlying causes• Prevent and correct complications• Pr…
Published	02/20/2024	**PREVENTATIVE CAREPrevention of Motion Sickness:• Avoid {{c1::reading}} during travel• Avoid {{c1::excess food or alcohol}} befor…
Published	02/20/2024	** NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY• Oral Rehydration Solutions (ORS): {{c1::treat dehydration associated with vomiting or diarrhea}}• WHO ORS: {{c1::…
Published	02/20/2024	**PHARMACOTHERAPY – Nausea 2° Motion Sickness• Antihistamines: {{c1::dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, meclizine}}• Common adverse effects (antich…
Published	02/25/2024	870cb0d5e3a8462fa6e729fd574299ee-oa-1
Published	02/25/2024	870cb0d5e3a8462fa6e729fd574299ee-oa-2
Published	02/20/2024	870cb0d5e3a8462fa6e729fd574299ee-oa-3
Published	02/25/2024	870cb0d5e3a8462fa6e729fd574299ee-oa-4
Published	02/25/2024	870cb0d5e3a8462fa6e729fd574299ee-oa-5
Published	02/20/2024	870cb0d5e3a8462fa6e729fd574299ee-oa-6
Published	02/20/2024	870cb0d5e3a8462fa6e729fd574299ee-oa-7
Published	02/25/2024	870cb0d5e3a8462fa6e729fd574299ee-oa-8
Published	02/25/2024	870cb0d5e3a8462fa6e729fd574299ee-oa-9
Published	02/25/2024	870cb0d5e3a8462fa6e729fd574299ee-oa-10
Published	02/20/2024	870cb0d5e3a8462fa6e729fd574299ee-oa-11
Published	02/20/2024	870cb0d5e3a8462fa6e729fd574299ee-oa-12
Published	02/25/2024	870cb0d5e3a8462fa6e729fd574299ee-oa-13
Published	02/20/2024	870cb0d5e3a8462fa6e729fd574299ee-oa-14
Published	02/20/2024	**Patient Education - Antihistamines• Take antihistamines at least {{c1::30 – 60 minutes}} before travel, then {{c1::continuously}}&nbs…
Published	02/20/2024	**PHARMACOTHERAPY – Nausea 2° Pregnancy (NVP)• {{c1::Non-pharmacological therapy}} is first-line recommendation• {{c1::Ginger}}: mixed evidence of eff…
Published	02/20/2024	PHARMACOTHERAPY – Nausea 2° Food or Beverages• {{c2::Antacids and H2RA}}: {{c1::relieve of symptoms due to acid indigestion}}• Antacids – ma…
Published	02/20/2024	Bismuth Subsalicylate• Indication: {{c1::heartburn, upset stomach, indigestion, nausea, diarrhea, gas relating to overconsumption of food/drink}}• Pep…
Published	02/20/2024	BACKGROUND – Insomnia• Adults need 8 or more hours of sleep; typical American adult gets 6.7 hours.• Transient: lasts {{c1::< 1 week}}• Short-term:…
Published	02/20/2024	Medical Disorders and Drugs - Insomnia• General medical disorders:- {{c1::Allergies, arthritis, BPH, chronic pain, diabetes, GERD, HF, PUD}}• Res…
Published	02/20/2024	EXCLUSIONS FOR SELF-CARE – Insomnia• Children ({{c1::<12 years of age)}}• Elderly {{c1::(>65 years of age)}}• {{c1::Pregnancy}}• …
Published	02/20/2024	TREATMENT GOALS and GENERAL APPROACH - InsomniaTreatment Goals• Treat the underlying condition or offending medication• Reestablish normal sleep cycle…
Published	02/20/2024	**NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY – Insomnia• {{c1::Cognitive behavioral}} therapy (e.g. stimulus control, sleep restriction)Sleep hygiene• Limi…
Published	02/20/2024	**PHARMACOTHERAPY – Antihistamines• {{c1::Diphenhydramine, doxylamine}}• Sedation occurs between {{c1::3 – 6 hours}} after dose• Use: {{c2::treat tran…
Published	02/20/2024	69f0c5a5a9374d918bcfa396402f0473-oa-1
Published	02/25/2024	69f0c5a5a9374d918bcfa396402f0473-oa-2
Published	02/20/2024	69f0c5a5a9374d918bcfa396402f0473-oa-3
Published	02/20/2024	69f0c5a5a9374d918bcfa396402f0473-oa-4
Published	02/25/2024	69f0c5a5a9374d918bcfa396402f0473-oa-5
Published	02/20/2024	69f0c5a5a9374d918bcfa396402f0473-oa-6
Published	02/20/2024	69f0c5a5a9374d918bcfa396402f0473-oa-7
Published	02/20/2024	69f0c5a5a9374d918bcfa396402f0473-oa-8
Published	02/20/2024	69f0c5a5a9374d918bcfa396402f0473-oa-9
Published	02/20/2024	69f0c5a5a9374d918bcfa396402f0473-oa-10
Published	02/20/2024	**PHARMACOTHERAPY – Complementary TherapiesMelatonin: {{c1::conflicting evidence in insomnia}}• Most studies suggest {{c1::2 – 3 mg}} b…
Published	02/20/2024	**Pharmacotherapy in Special Population• {{c1::Pregnant women:}}• {{c2::Non-pharmacological measures}}• Refer to PCP• {{c1::Lactating w…
Status	Last Update	Fields