Notes in 1. Physiology

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	02/10/2024	Primary Lymphoid Organs Include the {{c1::Bone Marrow}} and {{c1::Thymus}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::B}} cells mature in the {{c1::Bone Marrow}} while {{c2::T}} cells mature in the {{c1::Thymus}}
Published	02/10/2024	Secondary Lymphoid Organs Include {{c1::Lymph Nodes}} and {{c1::Spleen}}
Published	02/10/2024	Features of the {{c2::Innate}} Immune System{{c1::Local and nonspecific response to infection}}{{c1::Rapid (minutes to hours)}}{{c1::Wi…
Published	02/10/2024	Cells/Components of the Innate Immune System {{c1::Neutrophils}} {{c1::Macrophages}} {{c1::Monocytes}} {{c1::Dendritic cells}} {{c1::Natural Killer ce…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)}} are found on Macrophages allowing recognition of {{c2::Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)}} are substances that are unique to pathogens, such as double stranded RNA, unmethylate…
Published	02/10/2024	Mechanism of Attack of Innate Immune System{{c1::Phagocytosis (Attachment, Ingestion, Killing, Degradation)}}{{c1::Release of Cytokines causing inflam…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Natural Killer Cells}} are innate immune cells that are able to recognise and destroy abnormal cells without requiring MHC or specific antigen r…
Published	02/10/2024	Features of the {{c2::Adaptive}} Immune System{{c1::Highly specific response to infection}}{{c1::Slow (3-5 days)}}{{c1::Requirement of recognitio…
Published	02/10/2024	Cells/Components of the {{c2::Adaptive}} Immune System {{c1::T Lymphocyte Cells T helper 1 and 2 cells Cytotoxic T cells}} {{c1::B Lymphocyte Ce…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Antigens}} are the basis of the adaptive immune response, which are parts of the organism (e.g. bacteria, viruses, transplants, person’s own cel…
Published	02/10/2024	In the adaptive immune response, Antigens must be presented to the T cells on a {{c1::Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)}} by a specialized cell i…
Published	02/10/2024	Features of Class {{c2::I}} MHC Molecules {{c1::Found on almost all cells with a nucleus}} {{c1::Present endogenous antigens (i.e. from a virus that h…
Published	02/10/2024	Features of Class {{c2::II}} MHC Molecules {{c1::Found mostly on dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes and B cells}} {{c1::Present exogenous antigen…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::CD4}} cells differentiate into {{c2::T helper cells}}
Published	02/10/2024	T helper 1 cells; play an important role in {{c1::CD8 cells}} recognising antigen and their differentiation into {{c1::cytotoxic T cells}}
Published	02/10/2024	T helper 2 cells; stimulate {{c1::B cells}} to produce {{c1::antibodies}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::CD8 cells}} differentiate into {{c2::cytotoxic C cells}}
Published	02/10/2024	Once B cells are activated by T helper cells, they become either {{c1::plasma cells}} or {{c1::memory B cells}}
Published	02/10/2024	B Cells use {{c1::antibodies}} on their surfaces to recognise antigens
Published	02/10/2024	Mechanism of Action of {{c2::Adaptive}} Immune System[1] {{c1::Humoral Immunity: Antibodies}}[2] {{c1::CD4 and T Helper Cells (MHC Clas…
Published	02/10/2024	Function of Antibodies {{c1::Classical Pathway Activation}} {{c1::Agglutination Function}} {{c1::Opsonin Function}} {{c1::Neutralization Function}} {{…
Published	02/10/2024	Describe the Pathway of CD4 and T Helper Cells {{c1::Activation of CD4 cells}} {{c1::Differentiation into T helper cells}} {{c1::T helper 1 and 2 cell…
Published	02/10/2024	Describe the Pathway of CD8 and Cytotoxic T Cells {{c1::Dendritic cells pick up antigens and present them on MHC Class I}} {{c1::The antigens are reco…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Complement System}} is a system of hepatically synthesized plasma proteins (C1-C9) that play a role in Innate immunity and Inflammation
Published	02/10/2024	The three pathways of Complement System[1] {{c1::Classical Pathway}}[2] {{c1::Lectin Pathway}}[3] {{c1::Alternative Pathway}}
Published	02/10/2024	Functions of Complement System {{c1::C3b — Opsonization}} {{c1::C5a — Neutrophil Chemotaxis}}{{c1::C3a, C4a and C5a — An…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Passive}} Immunity is a type of adaptive immunity acquired through transfer of {{c2::antibodies}} or {{c2::lymphocytes}} specific to a microbe f…
Published	02/10/2024	Features of {{c2::Passive}} Immunity {{c1::Transfer of antibody or lymphocytes}} {{c1::Absence of B memory cells}} {{c1::Short term and immediate…
Published	02/10/2024	Examples of {{c2::Passive}} Immunity {{c1::Placental transfer of IgG}} {{c1::Colostral transfer of IgA}} {{c1::Immunoglobulin therapy or immune cells …
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Active}} Immunity is immunity acquired through the host's own active response to a pathogen
Published	02/10/2024	Features of {{c2::Active}} Immunity {{c1::Host’s own active response}} {{c1::Presence of B memory cells}} {{c1::Long-term (Days to Weeks)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Examples of {{c2::Active}} Immunity {{c1::Infection or exposure}} {{c1::Immunisation vaccines}}
Status	Last Update	Fields