Notes in 04.Congenital Disorders

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Published	10/21/2024	{{c2::Congenital Disorders}}● Caused by errors that occur during complex migration and folding that constitutes cardiac morphogenesis→ Occur at {{c1::…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Disorders{{c1::CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE}}● {{c2::3-8::range}} weeks age of gestation● Worldwide incidence is slightly less than {{c2::1}}%→…
Published	10/21/2024	What are the three main types of Congenital Heart Disease?{{c1::Left to right shunt}}{{c1::Right to left shunt}}{{c1::Obstructive Lesions}}
Published	10/21/2024	What is the most common congenital cardiac malformation?{{c1::Ventricular septal defect}}
Published	10/21/2024	What is the SECOND most common congenital cardiac malformation?{{c1::Atrial septal defect}}
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Left-to-right shunts}} (3){{c2::Atrial Septal Defect}}{{c2::Ventricular Septal Defect}}{{c2::Patent Ductus Arteriosus}}O…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Left-to-Right Shunts}} ● Most common CHD● {{c2::Increase::increase or decrease}} {{c3::pulmonary::systemic or pulmonary}…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Eisenmenger}} syndromeif left-to-right shunt is left untreated, it may become {{c2::right-to-left}} shunt
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Atrial Septal Defect }}● Abnormal, fixed openings in the {{c2::atrial}} septum→ Caused by incomplete tissue formati…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseTypes of {{c1::Atrial}} Septal Defect (3){{c2::Ostium Secundum}} Defect{{c2::Ostium Primum}} Defect{{c2::Sinus Venosus}} Defec…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseMost common Atrial Septal Defect? {{c1::Ostium secundum defect}}Common by how many percent? {{c1::90}}%
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseAtrial Septal Defect● {{c1::Ostium Secundum}} Defect→ Most common→ Results from a deficient {{c2::septum secundum}} forma…
Published	10/21/2024	Identify what Left-to-right shunt disorder
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Ventricular Septal Defect}}● Incomplete closures of the {{c2::ventricular}} septum, allowing free communication of blood…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Ventricular Septal Defect}} Classification:{{c2::Membranous}}{{c2::Infundibular}}{{c2::Muscular}}
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseWhat is the most common type of VSD?{{c1::Membranous VSD::membranous / Infundibular / Muscular}}How frequent does it occur? {{…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseVentricular Septal Defect {{c1::Membranous}} (90%)▪ Most common type of VSD▪ Opening in the {{c2::interventricular}}&nbsp…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseWhich VSD closes spontaneously?{{c1::Muscular::Membranous / Infundibular / Muscular / Inlet}} VSD
Published	10/21/2024	Identify what Left-to-right shunt :
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseLeft-to-Right Shunt{{c1::Patent Ductus Arteriosus}}● 7% of CHD, 90% isolated● Produces characteristic, continuous, harsh,&nbsp…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseasePatent Ductus Arteriosus● The ductus arises in the {{c1::pulmonary artery::blood vessel}} and joins the {{c1::Aorta::blood ves…
Published	10/21/2024	Identify what type of left-to-right shunt:
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Right-to-Left}} Shunts● {{c3::Hypoxemia}} and {{c2::early::early or late}} {{c3::cyanosis}}● May allow emboli from …
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseTypes of {{c1::Right-to-Left Shunts}}:{{c2::Tetralogy of Fallot}}{{c2::Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)}} {{c2::…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseWhat is the most common right-to-left shunt?{{c1::Tetralogy of Fallot}}
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Tetralogy of Fallot}}● Most common R-L shunt● Four cardinal features:{{c2::VSD}}Obstruction of the right ventricular out…
Published	10/21/2024	Identify what Right-to-Left Shunt?
Published	10/21/2024	Identify what congenital heart disease
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseTetralogy of FallotSome cases involve complete atresia of the pulmonary valve and some portion of the pulmonary artery which n…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseTetralogy of Fallot ● {{c1::Classic}} TOF → presents with {{c2::cyanosis::cyanosis / no cyanosis}}● {{c1::Pink}}&nbs…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Transpositions of the Great Arteries (TGA)}}Produces {{c2::ventriculoarterial::atrioventricular / ventriculoarterial}} d…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease2 types of Transpositions of the Great Arteries{{c1::Dextro-TGA (d-TGA)}}→ More common{{c1::Levo-TGA (I-TGA)}}→ "Congenitally …
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseWhat subtype of Transpositions of the Great Arteries (TGA) has atrioventricular AND ventriculoarterial discordance?{{c1::Levo-…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseTranspositions of the Great Arteries (TGA) How is {{c1::Levo}}-TGA congenitally corrected?{{c2::Right::left or right}} atrium …
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseTranspositions of the Great Arteries (TGA)in terms of anatomy, how is Levo-TGA different from Dextro-TGA?The {{c1::Aorta::bloo…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Levo}}-TGA May be {{c2::well::badly / well}} tolerated presenting only relatively late in {{c2::adulthood::childhoo…
Published	10/21/2024	Identify what type of TGA
Published	10/21/2024	Identify what type of TGA
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseTranspositions of the Great Arteries (TGA)in {{c1::65}}% of cases, there is a patent {{c2::foramen ovale}} or {{c2::ductus art…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Transpositions of the Great Arteries (TGA)}}{{c2::Left}} ventricle is connected to {{c3::pulmonary trunk::blood vessel}}…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Diseasein Transposition of the Great arteries, which heart chamber is thicker?{{c1::Right ventricle}}
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Tricuspid Atresia}}● Complete occlusion of the {{c2::tricuspid}} valve orifice→ Due to unequal division of the {{c3::AV …
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseHow does a {{c1::right-to-left::L-R / R-L}} shunt maintain circulation in tricuspid atresia?Through a (2):{{c2::interatri…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Persistent Truncus Arteriosus}}● One large blood vessel comes out of the right and left ventricles● Less than {{c2::1}}%…
Published	10/21/2024	Identify what Congenital Heart Disease
Published	10/21/2024	Identify what Congenital Heart Disease
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseTotal Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection ● Pulmonary {{c1::veins::artery / vein}} incorrectly attached to {{c2::right atriu…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Congenital Obstructive Lesions}}● Abnormal {{c2::narrowing::dilation or narrowing}} of chambers, valves, or blood vessel…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Coarctation of the Aorta}}● {{c2::M>F::Favors what gender?}}● Associated with {{c2::Turner syndrome::What genetic dis…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease2 types of {{c1::Coarctation of the Aorta}}{{c2::Infantile}} form {{c3::(preductal)::preductal / postductal}}Tubular…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseWhich type of Coarctation of the Aorta is more common?{{c1::Postductal / adult form}}
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseaseCoarctation of the aorta ● {{c1::Infantile::infantile or adult}} form:→ Circumferential narrowing of the aortic segm…
Published	10/21/2024	Identify what congenital heart disease
Published	10/21/2024	Identify what congenital heart disease
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Pulmonary Stenosis and Atresia}}● May be isolated or part of a complex● Right Ventricular {{c2::Hypoplasia::hyperplasia …
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Aortic Stenosis and Atresia}}● Isolated (80%)● 3 types:(1) {{c2::Valvular}}▪ {{c3::Cusps}} may be hypoplastic, dysp…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Disease{{c1::Aortic Stenosis and Atresia}}if this condition is severe, hypoplasia of {{c2::Left ventricle}} and {{c2::Aortic Arch}} l…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart DiseasePulmonary/Aortic Stenosis and AtresiaUnless PDA patency is preserved, duct closure in the {{c1::first}} week of life is genera…
Published	10/21/2024	Congenital Heart Diseases that need patent ductus arteriosus for survival{{c1::Transpositions of the great arteries}}{{c1::Coarctation of aorta}}{{c1:…
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