Notes in Cell Neuro 2024

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Cell Neuro prep for exam.

Ion channels, APs, synapses, techniques, neurotransmitters, transporters, signalling pathways, neuronal development, synaptic integration, short term plasticity, learning and memory, long term plasticity, microcircuits, brain disorders.

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	06/02/2024	Three SNARE proteins names and locations
Published	06/02/2024	The four SV cycles are {{c1::kiss-and-run}}, {{c2::ultrafast}}, {{c3::bulk}}, and {{c4::clathrin-mediated}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::clathrin mediated}} endocytosis lasts {{c2::~60s}}, and is also called {{c3::classic endocytosis}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::Kiss and run}} endocytosis lasts {{c2::~1s}} and is where {{c3::fusion pore opens transiently}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::Ultrafast}} endocytosis lasts {{c2::~50-100ms}}, and is {{c3::clathrin independent}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::Bulk}} endocytosis lasts {{c2::tens of s}} and {{c3::follows very strong stimulation}}
Published	06/02/2024	The three SV pools are {{c1::reserve pool}}, {{c2::recycling pool}}, {{c3::readily releasable pool}}
Published	06/02/2024	The {{c1::reserve}} pool makes up {{c2::85%}} of SVs
Published	06/02/2024	The {{c1::recycling}} pool makes up {{c2::10%}} of SVs
Published	06/02/2024	The {{c1::readily releasable}} pool makes up {{c2::5%}} of SVs
Published	06/02/2024	The {{c1::reserve}} pool is {{c2::slow}} (slow/fast)
Published	06/02/2024	What are the steps of SV exocytosis
Published	06/02/2024	Synaptotagmin has {{c1::two}} calcium binding {{c2::C2}} domains
Published	06/02/2024	Synaptotagmin is an abundant {{c1::synaptic vesicle protein}}
Published	06/02/2024	Binding of Ca2+ to {{c1::synaptotagmin}} causes it to interact with the {{c2::presynaptic plasma membrane}} and the {{c3::SNARE protein…
Published	06/02/2024	In {{c1::clathrin mediated}} endocytosis, the {{c2::clathrin coat}} is assembled on the {{c3::cytoplasmic face}} of the plasma membrane…
Published	06/02/2024	The main proteins in clathrin mediated endocytosis are {{c1::clathrin}} and {{c2::dynamin}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1794:top=.9329:width=.1283:height=.0525:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4545:top=.9329:width=.1283:height=.055…
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::electrical}} synapses are {{c2::fast}} and {{c3::reliable}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::chemical}} synapses are {{c2::slow}} and {{c3::variable}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::electrical}} synapses have {{c2::two}} way information flow, with cells acting {{c3::similarly}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::chemical}} synapses have {{c2::one}} way information flow, with cells acting {{c3::differently}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::electrical}} synapses are {{c2::simple}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::chemical}} synapses are {{c2::complex}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::electrical}} synapses use {{c2::gap junctions}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::gap junctions}} can syncronise action potentials across cells
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::gap junctions}} do not allow passage of {{c2::large}} molecules
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3293:top=.0409:width=.1176:height=.0432:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0475:top=.1057:width=.2892:height=.058…
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3038:top=.0285:width=.1916:height=.0648:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2927:top=.26:width=.2229:height=.0556:…
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1086:top=.0162:width=.2404:height=.0864:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5714:top=.0193:width=.2712:height=.067…
Published	06/02/2024	In the {{c1::quantal}} model, postsynaptic responses are typically made up of the summation of smaller {{c1::}} responses
Published	06/02/2024	Each {{c1::quantal}} reponse in the post synaptic response to the release of neurotransmitter contained within {{c2::a single}} synaptic&nbs…
Published	06/02/2024	The summation of {{c1::quantal}} responses is probabilistic because it depends on the probability of release of a single {{c2::synaptic vesi…
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::Pv}} is small when there is {{c2::no}} presynaptic AP
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::Pv}} transiently becomes {{c2::larger}} (larger/smaller) when a presynaptic AP arrives
Published	06/02/2024	Ohm law for neuroscience is {{c1::Im = g(Vm - Eion}}
Published	06/02/2024	Vm - Eion is the {{c1::electrical driving force}}
Published	06/02/2024	In {{c1::current}} clamp, Vm is {{c2::fixed}}, while Im is {{c3::measured}}
Published	06/02/2024	In {{c1::voltage}} clamp, Vm is {{c2::measured}}, while Im is {{c3::fixed}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::Permeation}} is the {{c2::ease of passage}} of ions through a {{c3::channel}}. It determines the {{c4::amount}} of {{c5::current}…
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::Gating}} is how a channel {{c2::opens and closes}}. It determines how much {{c3::time}} the channel is {{c4::open}}
Published	06/02/2024	The {{c1::larger}} (larger/smaller) the conductance is for an ion, the more {{c2::effectively}} it drives Vm to the {{c3::Nernst p…
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3443:top=.3577:width=.0482:height=.3848:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4306:top=.2855:width=.0892:height=.489…
Published	06/02/2024	The main {{c1::excitatory}} neurotransmitter is {{c2::glutamate}}
Published	06/02/2024	The main {{c1::inhibitory}} neurotransmitter is {{c2::GABA}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::Glycine}} is {{c2::inhibitory}} and has {{c3::glycine}} receptors
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::Glutamate}} targets {{c2::four}} receptors: {{c3::AMPA}}, {{c6::Kainate}} {{c4::NMDA}}, and {{c5::mGluR}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::GABA}} targets {{c2::two}} receptors: {{c3::GABAA}} and {{c4::GABAB}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::AMPA}} receptors have {{c2::four}} transmembrane domains and {{c2::four}} subunits.
Published	06/02/2024	In AMPA receptors, {{c1::gluatamate}} binds to {{c2::each subunit}}, which causes a {{c3::cation}} channel to open.
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::AMPA}} channels are the {{c2::most}} common form of {{c3::fast}} excitation in the brain.
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::AMPA}} receptors get {{c2::desensitised}} with {{c3::continuous}} glutamate application.
Published	06/02/2024	Most {{c1::AMPA}} receptors have a {{c2::linear}} I/V plot.
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::NMDA}} receptors are permeable to {{c2::sodium and calcium}}.
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::NMDA}} receptors require a {{c2::co-agonist}} which is {{c3::glycine}} or {{c4::D-serine}}
Published	06/02/2024	NMDA receptors have {{c1::four}} subunits
Published	06/02/2024	The NMDA receptor has two {{c1::GluN1}} and two {{c2::GluN2}} subunits
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::Glycine}} or D-serine binds to the {{c2::GluN1}} subunit, while {{c3::glutamate}} binds the the {{c4::GluN2}} subunit in NMDA rec…
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::NMDA}} receptors have a {{c2::J shaped}} I/V plot
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::NMDA}} receptors have a {{c2::magnesium block}} at rest that requires {{c3::depolarisation}} to expel.
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::NMDA}} receptors are slower than {{c2::AMPA}} receptors
Published	06/02/2024	Different subunits of {{c1::NMDA}} have different degrees of {{c2::magnesium block}} which affects how fast they {{c3::open}}
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::Glycine}} is the main inhibitory transmitter in the {{c2::spinal cord}}
Published	06/02/2024	The {{c1::Glycine}} receptor is a {{c2::chloride}} channel
Published	06/02/2024	Glycine receptors have {{c1::four}} alpha and {{c2::one}} beta subunits
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::GABA}} is the main inhibitory transmitter in the {{c2::brain}}
Published	06/02/2024	The {{c1::GABA}} receptor is a {{c2::chloride}} channel
Published	06/02/2024	{{c1::GABA}} is formed from {{c2::glutamate}} via {{c3::GAD}}
Published	06/02/2024	The {{c1::GABAA}} receptor has {{c2::five}} subunits, each with {{c3::four}} TM domains
Published	06/02/2024	60% of GABAA receptor subunits are {{c1::2a1, 2b2, 1 gamma2}}
Published	06/02/2024	GABA usually binds to the {{c1::beta}} subunit of GABAA receptors
Published	06/02/2024	GABAB receptors are {{c1::G-protein coupled}}
Published	06/02/2024	GABAB receptors are linked to {{c1::Gi and Go}} and {{c2::inhibit}} anedylate cyclase and {{c3::reduce}} cAMP
Published	06/02/2024	GABAB activation causes pre and post synaptic inhibition through inhibition of {{c1::voltage gated calcium channels}} or activation of …
Status	Last Update	Fields