Notes in Urogynecology

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Published	09/05/2024	What are the boundaries of the superficial space of the anterior perineal triangle?
Published	09/05/2024	What major structures are located within the superficial space of the anterior perineal triangle?
Published	09/05/2024	What structure has most likely been entered if significant bleeding is encountered during a Bartholin gland excision?
Published	09/05/2024	Bleeding from the vestibular bulb is mostly likely to spread from the superficial urogenital triangle to what space/compartment?
Published	09/05/2024	What structures contribute to the perineal body?
Published	09/05/2024	Was muscle is responsible for the majority of resting anal tone?
Published	09/05/2024	Are the EAS/IAS composed of striated or smooth muscle and voluntary/involuntary control?
Published	09/05/2024	What is the nerve supply to the EAS?
Published	09/05/2024	What structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?
Published	09/05/2024	What are the attachments of the arcus tendinous levator ani?
Published	09/05/2024	What muscles make up the levator ani?
Published	09/05/2024	What is the course of the pudendal neurovascular bundle from the sacral nerve trunks to the terminus?
Published	09/05/2024	What are the borders of the paravesical space?(lateral, posterior, anterior, medial)
Published	09/05/2024	What is the average length of the anterior and posterior vaginal wall?
Published	09/05/2024	At the level of the ischial spine, how far is the ureter from the uterosacral ligament?
Published	09/05/2024	What/where is Cooper's ligament?
Published	09/05/2024	What are the boundaries of the presacral space? (superiorly, laterally, and inferiorly)
Published	09/05/2024	From what vessel does the middle sacral artery arise?
Published	09/05/2024	Into what vessel does the middle sacral vein drain?
Published	09/05/2024	What is the average length of the sacrospinous ligament?
Published	09/05/2024	What structures must be avoiding when performing a SSLS, and where are they?
Published	09/05/2024	Through what layers (in order) does a transobturator sling pass?
Published	09/05/2024	What are the DeLancey levels of pelvic organ support?
Published	09/05/2024	What is the relationship between the arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis and the artcus tendineus levator ani?
Published	09/05/2024	What is the blood supply of the urethral sphincters?
Published	09/05/2024	What is the innervation of the urethral sphincters?
Published	10/11/2024	Support pessaries are recommend for stage __ POP and space-filling pessaries are recommended for stage___ POP
Published	10/11/2024	PFMT reduces incontinence by ...
Published	10/11/2024	Laboratory definition of microscopic hematuria
Published	10/11/2024	What percentage of patients who are evaluated for microhematuria are found to have a GU malignancy?
Published	10/11/2024	Laboratory findings associated with microhematuria that may indicate the presence of medical renal disease (4)
Published	10/11/2024	AUA/SUFU: management for a low risk individual with microhematuria
Published	10/11/2024	AUA/SUFU guideline: management of a intermediate-risk individual with microhematuria
Published	10/11/2024	AUA/SUFU guideline: management of a high-risk individual with microhematuria
Published	10/11/2024	AUA/SUFU guideline: management of a low-risk patient who has persistent microhematuria when UA is repeated in 6 months
Published	10/11/2024	AUA/SUFU: 3 options (from best to worst) for imaging in a high-risk patient
Published	10/11/2024	AUA/SUFU: In patients with microhematuria who have a family history of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or a known genetic renal tumor syndrome, how does…
Published	10/11/2024	AUA/SUFU: what is the role of urine cytology in the evaluation of microhematuria
Published	10/11/2024	AUA/SUFU: general f/u for a patient with negative workup of microhematuria
Published	10/11/2024	AUA/SUFU: f/u for a patient who has a negative UA 12 months following a negative workup of microhematuria
Published	10/11/2024	AUA/SUFU: general f/u for a patient with negative workup of microhematuria followed by a postiive UA at 12 months
Published	10/11/2024	ACOG/AUGS: differ from AUA because they only recommend evaluation of microhematuria in women ≤50 who are never-smokers if they have this finding on UA
Published	10/11/2024	Prevalence of bladder cancer in men compared with women
Published	10/11/2024	Major risk factors for GU malignancy in women who have microhematuria (3)
Published	10/11/2024	What should be done if a large or high-grade tumor is found on office cystoscopy?
Published	10/11/2024	How is bladder cancer staged?
Published	10/11/2024	What are the characteristics of grade 1, 2, and 3 bladder cancer lesions?
Published	10/11/2024	What are the most common presenting symptoms of bladder cancer?
Published	10/11/2024	What are the risk factors for bladder cancer?
Published	10/11/2024	What are the strongest predictors of urologic cancer?
Published	10/11/2024	What is the most common histological type of bladder cancer in the US?
Published	10/11/2024	What is the most prognostic clinical sign of bladder cancer?
Published	10/11/2024	What is the risk of urologic cancer in all patients with microscopic hematuria?
Published	10/11/2024	What is the utility of urine cytology in the detection of bladder cancer?
Published	10/11/2024	For which patients should you opt for a 7-day course for UTI treatment (instead of 3 or 5)?
Published	10/11/2024	How should the older patient with functional and/or cognitivie impairment , delirium and/or falls with positive bacteria in the urine be treated?
Published	10/11/2024	What % of pregnany women with asymptomatic bacteriuria will progress to symptomatic UTI?
Published	10/11/2024	What elements on the urine dipstick have the (1) highest positive predictive value and (2) highest negative predictive value?
Published	10/11/2024	What is considered a relapse with respect to UTI?
Published	10/11/2024	What is the definition of recurrent UTI?
Published	10/11/2024	What precautions should be taken before prescribing macrobid?
Published	10/11/2024	When is a UTI considered "complicated"?
Published	10/11/2024	What medication classes can affect LUT functions?
Published	10/11/2024	Age at which microhematuria should prompt additional evaluation (AUA/SUFU/ACOG/AUGS in agreement)
Published	10/11/2024	What % of women with isolated symptoms of SUI will have demonstrated SUI on UDS? DO on UDS?
Published	10/11/2024	What are the reversible causes of urinary incontinence and voiding difficulty?
Published	10/11/2024	What is the grading scale for pelvic muscle strength?
Published	10/11/2024	What is the incidence of SUI in (1) pregnancy and (2) postpartum?
Published	10/11/2024	What is the scoring of the digital rectal examination scoring system?
Published	10/11/2024	Among women successfully fitted with a pessary for POP who have baseline urinary symptoms, what is the impact of the pessary on UI?
Published	10/11/2024	In women successfully fitted with a pessary for POP, what proportion will develop de novo (occult) SUI?
Published	10/11/2024	In women suffessfully fitted with a pessary for POP, what is the symptom improvement in prolapse symptoms?
Published	10/11/2024	Of women who fail a 1-week pessary trial for POP, what % of women will be successfully refit?
Published	10/11/2024	What are the risk factors associated with unsuccessful POP pessary fitting?
Published	10/11/2024	What proportion of women can be sucessfully fitted with a pessary for POP?
Published	10/11/2024	What was the (1) aim and (2) outcome of the ESTEEM trial?
Published	10/11/2024	What was the aim and outcome of the ATLAS trial?
Published	10/11/2024	What is the likelihood of improvement in UUI symptoms in patients with MUI who have a sling? (ESTEEM)
Published	10/18/2024	A paravaginal defect repair reapproximates these two anatomic structures
Published	10/18/2024	Basic surgical steps of retropubic paravaginal defect repair
Published	10/18/2024	What segment/compartment is (1) the most likely to prolapse and (2) the most likely to fail long-term after surgical correction?
Published	10/18/2024	When performing an anterior colporrhaphy and a sling procedure concurrently, in what order should the procedures be performed?
Published	10/18/2024	When did the FDA issue its warnings concerning complications associated with transvaginal meshes?
Published	10/18/2024	What is the general approach to the placement of vaginal mesh?
Published	10/18/2024	What is the rate of ureteral obstruction after anterior colporrhaphy?
Published	10/18/2024	Apical support can correct approximately what % of anterior wall prolapse?
Published	10/18/2024	What was the aim and outcome of the PROSPECT trial?
Published	10/18/2024	In what % of women does de novo SUI occurs after anterior vaginal prolapse repair?
Published	12/06/2024	What is the rate of postoperative SUI after SCP?
Published	12/06/2024	What is the mesh exposure rate of robotic SCP?
Published	12/06/2024	What was the primary outcome(s) of the CARE trial?
Published	12/06/2024	What is the estimated probability of mesh erosion in the CARE and extended CARE trials?
Published	12/06/2024	The ____ component of the peripheral nervous system innervates skeletal muscleThe ____ component of the peripheral nervous system innervates cardiac m…
Published	12/06/2024	Short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers describes sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves?
Published	12/06/2024	This division of the autonomic nervous system has very short postganglionic fibers and much longer preganglionic fibers
Published	12/06/2024	Sensory fibers responsible for normal bladder fullness and wall tensionSensory fibers that communicate nociception in the bladder
Published	12/06/2024	This is the brain level from which bladder motor tone arises
Published	12/06/2024	Cortical locations in the brain associated with bladder and pelvic floor activity (3)
Published	12/06/2024	The neuronal cell bodies for the urethral sphincter are located within this structure (name)Where is it, within the CNS?
Published	12/06/2024	Pontine center that stimulates Onuf's nucleus
Published	12/06/2024	Effect of stimulating pontine M region versus pontine L region
Published	12/06/2024	Name of afferent spinal nucleus that receives Adelta fibers from the bladderBrain structure that receives these distension signals?
Published	12/06/2024	Onuf's nucleus gives rise to this major pelvic nerve
Published	12/06/2024	General effect of CNS dopamine on bladder functionHow this relates to bladder function in Parkinson's disease?
Published	12/06/2024	This is the terminal segment of the spinal cord, which contains the entire S1 to S5 segmentThis is the collection of terminal ventral and dorsal spina…
Published	12/06/2024	Sympathetic/ parasympathetic actions during bladder filling (3)
Published	12/06/2024	2 main detrusor receptors that function to cause bladder contraction
Published	12/06/2024	Mechanism through which parasympathetic signaling causes bladder neck/urethral relaxation?
Published	12/06/2024	Sympathetic innervation results in storage via these 2 receptors
Published	12/06/2024	Mnemonic for funciton of parasympathetic/sympathetic/somatic nerves in lower urinary tract function
Published	12/06/2024	Type of bladder afferent nerves that "awaken" and get up-regulated by pathologic conditions, e.g. spinal cord injury
Published	12/06/2024	Think of this CNS center as the "head coach" that processes all the information and controls when to voluntarily voidThis is the CNS center that recei…
Published	12/06/2024	Pattern of neurologic injury - above the pontine micturition center
Published	12/06/2024	Pattern of neurologic injury with voiding - suprasacral spinal cord injury
Published	12/06/2024	Pattern of neurologic injury with voiding - sub-sacral spinal cord injury
Published	12/06/2024	Usual progression/ timetable of bladder symptoms after spinal cord injury (2 phases)
Published	12/06/2024	Autonomic dysreflexia can occur during procedures like UDS in patients with spinal cord injuries above this levelTypical change in BP a/w autonomic dy…
Published	12/06/2024	Features of low-risk neurogenic lower urinary tract disorder per AUA (4)
Published	12/06/2024	Features of moderate-risk neurogenic lower urinary tract disorder per AUA -UDS finding-PVR-upper tract imaging-renal function
Published	12/06/2024	Features of high-risk neurogenic lower urinary tract disorder per AUA -UDS finding-PVR-upper tract imaging-renal function
Published	12/06/2024	What work up must be obtained if vesicoureteral reflux is noted on VUDS?
Published	12/06/2024	what are Botox's effects on bladder compliance?
Published	12/06/2024	What nerve responses do you get when you individually stimulate S2, S3 and S4?
Published	12/06/2024	What are some signs of poor compliance seen on UDS
Published	12/06/2024	What is the proportion of patients that advance to stage 2 after PNE and after stage 1?
Published	12/06/2024	What are the types of bladder dysfunction seen in neurogenic bladder and how are they diagnosed?
Published	12/20/2024	Ho M2 vs M3 receptors function in bladder contraction, respectively
Published	12/20/2024	Mechanism by which an increase in intra-abdominal pressure can cause detrusor activity. I.e., incontinence perceived as SUI by patient but really it i…
Published	12/20/2024	Pathophysiological state that is hypothesized to represent the last stage of OAB, in which detrusor function deteriorates.
Published	12/20/2024	UI during orgasm name
Published	12/20/2024	How can frequent voiding create a cycle that worsens OAB? (For example, a patient who has SUI but empties frequently to avoid SUI and then eventually …
Published	12/20/2024	Minimum eval of OAB involves what workup per AUA/SUFU/AUGS 2019?
Published	12/20/2024	Components (4) of brief neurologic exam proposed for patients with OAB to assess for underlying neuro disease
Published	12/20/2024	What is relative nocturnal polyuria?
Published	12/20/2024	What is the initial workup of OAB?
Published	12/20/2024	Clinical Situations Where Cystourethroscopy Should Be Considered in the Setting of Overactive Bladder
Published	12/20/2024	What is the difference between nocturnal polyuria and nocturia due to OAB?
Published	12/20/2024	How can you decrease risk of antimuscarinic side effects for your patients?
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