Notes in L27 Thorax

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Published	10/31/2024	the typical ribs are ribs numbers {{c1::3-9}}Head •{{c2::Inferior articular facet}} of the rib head articulates with the {{c3::costal facet on th…
Published	10/31/2024	True ribs- ({{c1::1st-7th}} ribs) False ribs- ({{c1::8th-10th}} ribs) Floating ribs- ({{c1::11th and 12th}} ribs)
Published	10/31/2024	the atypical ribs are the:{{c1::1st rib}}: {{c5:: anterior and middle scalene tubercle; single facet for articulation with only the T1 verte…
Published	10/31/2024	Superior Thoracic Aperture (thoracic inlet) is bounded by {{c1::T1, the 1st ribs plus their cartilages and the superior border of the manubrium.:: 3 t…
Published	10/31/2024	Inferior Thoracic Aperture (thoracic outlet) is bounded by T{{c1::12}} the {{c1::11th and 12th}} pairs of ribs, {{c1::costal cartilages}} of {{c1::rib…
Published	10/31/2024	•external intercostal help with {{c1::forced inspiration}} and pull {{c1::up and posteriorly}} •internal intercostal help with {{c1::forced …
Published	10/31/2024	movements of thoracic cage:A.{{c1::Vertical}} Diameter Increases during {{c2::inspiration as the diaphragm descends. Expiration causes…
Published	10/31/2024	Arteries of the Thoracic WallPosterior wall - supplied by {{c1::posterior intercostal arteries}} which are branches of the {{c1::aorta}} and {{c1…
Published	10/31/2024	Mediastinum Subdivisions Superior Mediastinum: {{c1::superior to sternal angle, but inferior to thoracic inlet::location}} - Contains {{c4:: Thym…
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Published	10/31/2024	external intercostal origin: {{c1::inferior border of ribs}}insertion: {{c1::superior border of rib below rib of origin}}innervation: {{c1::inter…
Published	10/31/2024	innermost intercostal origin: {{c1::inferior border of ribs}}insertion: {{c1::superior border of rib below rib of origin}}innervation: {{c1::inte…
Published	10/31/2024	internal intercostal origin: {{c1::inferior border ribs}}insertion: {{c1::costal cartilage and edge of costal groove of rib above rib of origin}}…
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Published	10/31/2024	Ribs {{c1::3, 4, and 5::#s}} are the most commonly fractured Ribs {{c1::1, 2, 11 & 12::#s}} are protected and usually escape fracturePain due…
Published	10/31/2024	{{c1::Costal cartilage}} allows for flexible attachment of ribs to the sternum
Published	10/31/2024	Sternum{{c2::Manubrium}}: This is the upper part of the sternum, located at the level of the {{c1::T3 and T4}} vertebrae. It serves as an anchor point…
Published	10/31/2024	{{c2::Intercostal}} Spaces are the gaps between the ribs and their costal cartilages which houses muscles, nerves, and blood vessels that assist …
Published	10/31/2024	The Sternal Angle of Louis can be used as a landmark for {{c1::- the manubriosternal joint - 2nd Rib Articulation- where the aortic arch sta…
Published	10/31/2024	The {{c1::sternal angle of louis}} is the most common site of sternal fracture
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Published	10/31/2024	{{c1::Costochondritis}} is Inflammation of the {{c2::costosternal or costochondral}} junctions with pain that mimics {{c2::MI…
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Published	10/31/2024	Muscles of the Thoracic Wall are either - {{c1::Axio-appendicular}} which act on the upper limb (ex: pec major and anterior serratus)-&…
Published	10/31/2024	Respiratory Muscles include {{c1::Serratus posterior superior & inferior, levator costarum, External intercostal, Internal intercos…
Published	10/31/2024	Transversus thoracis (intercostal) Origin: {{c1::Internal surface of costal cartilages 2–6 }} Insertion: {{c1::Posterior surface of lower st…
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Published	10/31/2024	The{{c1:: intercostal neurovascular bundle}} includes the {{c2::vein, artery, and nerve (VAN)}} running in that order from superior to …
Published	10/31/2024	{{c1::intercostal}} nerves (T1 – T11 ventral rami) and the {{c1::subcostal}} nerve (T12), provide muscular innervation to the t{{c2::rue tho…
Published	10/31/2024	The intercostal veins drain blood from the thoracic wall and have unique, {{c1::valveless}} pathways that allow for {{c1::bidirectional}} fl…
Published	10/31/2024	BreastExtends from {{c1::lateral border of sternum}} to {{c1::midaxillary}} line & from {{c1::2nd}} to {{c1::6th}} rib  •{{c2:…
Published	10/31/2024	Without the internal support of the {{c1::Suspensory ligaments of Cooper}}, the breast tissue (which is heavier than surrounding fat) sags under …
Published	10/31/2024	The breast is.......perfused by branches of the {{c1::Lateral thoracic}} artery and the {{c1::Internal thoracic}} artery...Drained…
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Published	10/31/2024	The {{c1::subareolar lymphatic plexus}} gathers lymph from the nipple, areola, and lobules of the mammary gland, directing it mainly to…
Published	10/31/2024	Breast cancer spreads by lymphogenic metastasis that carry cancer cells to {{c1::axillary}} nodes. In mastectomy & {{c1::axillary}} node…
Published	10/31/2024	The thoracic cavity is composed of the {{c1::L/R pulmonary cavities}} and the {{c1::Mediastinum}}
Published	10/31/2024	Pulmonary CavitiesThe pleural cavity is a {{c1::potential}} space with fluid between the layers of the pleura, which facilita…
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